God, Gold & Glory: European Exploration & Expansion

God, Gold, & Glory

An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion

Bell Ringer

What Renaissance values may have inspired the Age of Exploration? Why?

MotivesThe 3 G’s

Godreligious fervor convert natives

Goldexpand trade - esp. spices & precious

metalsprofit

Gloryadventurepowernational pride

Means

Mid-1400sEuropean monarchs had MORE:

PowerResourcesAdvanced technology

Portugal

Early leaderSailed eastward

--> India (spice trade)

Vasco da Gama

Cape of Good HopeSecured control of

spice tradeTook from Muslims

HUGE $$$

Prince Henry the Navigator

Instrumental Patronage led to

major technological advances (p. 197)

Spain

Sailed westward

Seeking route --> Asia SpainPortugal

Christopher Columbus

Earth not so big

Queen Isabella (Spain)

4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean

Ferdinand Magellan

1519 - 1st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)

Spain in the Americas

Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas

“Gifts” from SpainSlaveryDiseaseDeath

Encomienda System

Aztec & Inca civilizations destroyedSpanish controlSubjects of Queen

Encomienda - the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers

Protection - required but not followed

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the AmericasEurope --> Americas

Horses, cattle, & wheatAmericas --> Europe

Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco

Transformed economic activity

European Rivals

DutchFrenchBritish

Reading Homework

Read pages 208-211 (section 3 “Colonial Latin America”)

Write the definitions for the following words in your notebook:PeninsularesCreoleMestizosMulattoesMita

The Main Idea…

How did the presence of the Europeans in the “New World” impact the indigenous populations in a positive way? In a negative way?

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the “New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Locate: Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa & the Americas

Africa

Europe

The America

s

Atlanti

c Ocean

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Began in the 1500s

What purpose did the trans-Atlantic slave trade serve?

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Purpose:To fill the need for labor in Spain’s

American empire Eventually provided labor for British

and French colonies in the Americas

Triangular Trade

What is triangular trade?

Triangular Trade

Hint: It is not the trading of triangles… Hey! Sweet

triangle dude! Want to trade it for

a chicken leg?

Triangular Trade

Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions.

Most famous: West Africa, the Americas, and Europe

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage was the sea lane

west from Africa that carried abducted or recently purchased African slaves.

The Middle Passage

1 - 6 month journey (weather dependent)

Estimated 11+ million Africans

A 1 - 6 month cruise sounds good, right?

Middle Passage

Problems:OvercrowdingDiseaseBrutal, inhuman treatment

Many died due to poor conditionsDysenteryScurvyStarvationSmallpox

Journal Exercise

Use the next 2 minutes to write a 2-3 sentence response to the following prompt:

Would it be better to live and be a slave, or commit suicide to avoid slavery? Explain

Primary Source Reading

Excerpt from Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography

Activity: African Slave Quilt

Think about what you’ve read and heard today.

For homework (due next class), write a letter from a captured slave’s perspective.

See your rubric for criteria.Use your imagination - be creative

and have fun!!