Goal # 7 Plant Reproduction

Goal # 7Plant

Reproduction

I. Reproductive Organs1. Flower = Plant part containing all the

reproductive organs of a flower.A. Used in plant identificationB. Reproductive organs are responsible for

1. Fertilization2. Seed production3. Pollination

2. Petals-Colorful structures that encase the reproductive parts

-used for luring in pollinators

3. SepalsA. LeaflikeB. Encircle the peduncle

below the petalsC. Peduncle: the base of

the flower

4. StamenA. Male reproductive organ of a flower B. Filament – stalk that holds up the anther

C. Anther1. Located at the tip of the stamen2. Produces pollen (plant sperm)3. Pollen shakes off anther and drops onto female

organs

5. PistilA. Female organB. Ovary

1. Bottom portion of the pistil2. Contains 1+ ovules

• Ovules contain 1 egg each

Variations• Incomplete Flower: A flower that lacks 1+ organs

– Ex) sweet corn – no petals

II. Reproductive Methods

1. PollinationA. The pollen is transferred from the anther to

the pistil.B. By wind, water or animals

1) Self-Pollination2) Cross-Pollination

C. Plants pollinated by animals produce nectar1. Nectar is a food of liquid including proteins and

sugarsa) Collects at the base of petalsb) Animals trying to get the nectar get pollen on themc) The animal flies to another flower and the pollen

brushes off.2. Plants that produce nectar attract pollinators

with color/scent

D. Fertilization1. A pollen grain rests at the tip of the stigma2. A long tube (pollen tube) grows down into the

ovary.3. The pollen moves into the ovule and fertilizes the

egg.

E. Seeds 1. Seeds develop from flowers2. The wall of the ovule becomes the seed coat

F. Fruits1. The ovary enlarges and becomes the fruit2. A fruit is a structure that holds the seeds

a. fleshy (apple/grape/tomato/cucumber)b. Dry (peanuts/sunflower seeds/walnuts)

G. Seed Dispersal1. Animals distribute seeds by eating fruits

• Raccoons, deer, bears, humansa. Spit seedsb. Digest seedsc. Drop seeds (birds)d. Bury seeds (squirrels)

2. Wind & Water transport seeds