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Classification● Synovial, Diarthrodial joint
➔ Movable➔ Ends of long bones➔ Articular capsule➔ Synovial Membrane
Important Ligaments● Acromioclavicular ● Coracoacromial ● Coracoclavicular
➔ Conoid➔ trapezoid
● Transverse
Important Tendons● Tendon of biceps
brachii muscle● Tendon of
supraspinatus muscle
● Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
Movements● Abduction: OUT deltoid, supraspinatus● Adduction: IN pectoralis major● Flexion: FORWARD deltoid● Extension: BACKWARD triceps brachii,
teres major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi
Movements● Internal Rotation: MEDIAL
subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major
● External Rotation: LATERAL teres minor, infraspinatus
Glenoid Labrum● Increases depth
of glenoid cavity about 50%
● Fibro-cartilaginous reduces friction, provides stability
Torn Labrum● Bankart tear: between
3 and 6 ● SLAP (superior labral
anteroposterior) tear● Posterior labral tear
of reverse Bankart lesion between 12 and 9
Torn Labrum● Dislocation, direct hit,
sudden fall, fall on outstretched arm, sudden pull (heavy object)
● Athletes are prone● Old age comes with an
increased risk
Rehabilitation for Labrum● Before final diagnosis: anti-
inflammatory● Exercises to increase rotator cuff
muscles● Arthroscopic surgery: removal/repair
Frozen Shoulder● Adhesive Capsulitis● Symptoms
➔ Freezing: any movement causes pain
➔ Frozen: Pain decreases, motion decreases
➔ Thawing:Range of motion begins to increase
Frozen Shoulder● Causes: joint capsule thickens and
tightens➔ Cause is uncertain➔ More likely to occur in diabetes
patients, people who have immobilized arm for long period
Frozen Shoulder● Diagnosis: evaluation of movement,
rarely MRIs● Treatment:
➔ Range of motion exercises➔ Steroids➔ Joint distension: sterile water ➔ Shoulder manipulation: anesthetic➔ Surgery: rare, arthroscopically
Bibliography● Glenohumeral Joint. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://www.physio-pedia.com/Glenohumeral_Joint
● Glenoid Labrum. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article.asp?article=1399● Glenoid Labrum Tear. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/glenoid_labrum_tear/
● Labral Tears (Glenoid Labrum of the Shoulder). (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://www.hss.edu/condition-list_labral-tears-glenoid-labrum.asp#.VQMZF473-iw
● Mayo Clinic Staff (n.d.). Frozen shoulder. Retrieved March 16, 2015, from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frozen-shoulder/basics/causes/con-20022510
● Shoulder Joint - Glenohumeral Joint - 3D Anatomy Tutorial. (2012, July 20). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vG1XQkj3Yx0
● Shoulder Joint Tear (Glenoid Labrum Tear). (2001, January 1). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00426
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