Glacial Landforms - Onsite ConsortiumGlacial Landforms and Deposits. ¾. Textures and properties...

Glacial Glacial LandformsLandforms

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CitationCitation

Stolt, M., D.L. Lindbo, R. Miles, and D. Stolt, M., D.L. Lindbo, R. Miles, and D. Mokma. 2005. 2. Glacial Landforms Mokma. 2005. 2. Glacial Landforms ––Power Point Presentation. Power Point Presentation. inin (D.L. Lindbo (D.L. Lindbo and N. E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized and N. E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner Curriculum. Wastewater Practitioner Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. North Capacity Development Project. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Glacial Landforms and DepositsGlacial Landforms and Deposits

Textures and properties vary depending Textures and properties vary depending on depositon deposit

Till Till –– dense, low permeabilitydense, low permeabilityOutwash Outwash –– sandy, high permeabilitysandy, high permeabilityLacustrine Lacustrine –– fine textured, low permeabilityfine textured, low permeability

Properties directly related to suitability for Properties directly related to suitability for decentralized wastewater usedecentralized wastewater use

OverviewOverview

Ice DepositedIce DepositedTillTillDrumlinDrumlinMorraineMorraine

ProglacialProglacialOutwash PlainOutwash PlainLacustrine

Ice ContactIce ContactEskerEskerKameKameKame TerraceKame TerraceKettle HoleKettle Hole

Lacustrine

Till Till

Unsorted, unstratified materials deposited directly Unsorted, unstratified materials deposited directly from glacial ice. Generally, dense and low from glacial ice. Generally, dense and low

permeabilitypermeability

Drumlin: Drumlin: CigarCigar--shaped landform with the long axis parallel shaped landform with the long axis parallel

to the direction of the ice flow. Primarily to the direction of the ice flow. Primarily composed of compacted, unsorted materials composed of compacted, unsorted materials

churned at the base of the glacier (basal till). May churned at the base of the glacier (basal till). May contain looser unstratified materials (ablation till) contain looser unstratified materials (ablation till)

above the dense till.above the dense till.

Recessional End Recessional End Morraine: Morraine:

Landform built during the retreat of the glacier. Landform built during the retreat of the glacier. Usually a series of ridges composed of Usually a series of ridges composed of

glaciofluvial materials and till.glaciofluvial materials and till.

Terminal End Morraine:Terminal End Morraine:

Landform built during the retreat of the glacier. Landform built during the retreat of the glacier. Occurs at the furthest extent of the glacial lobe. Occurs at the furthest extent of the glacial lobe. Usually a complex series of ridges composed of Usually a complex series of ridges composed of

glaciofluvial materials and till.glaciofluvial materials and till.

Ground Morraine:Ground Morraine:LowLow--lying landform with some undulation formed lying landform with some undulation formed

of ablation and basal till.of ablation and basal till.

Esker:Esker:Long, narrow sinuous steepLong, narrow sinuous steep--sided ridge sided ridge

composed of irregularly stratified sand and gravel composed of irregularly stratified sand and gravel that was deposited by a subsurface stream under that was deposited by a subsurface stream under

the glacier (tunnel). Commonly range in length the glacier (tunnel). Commonly range in length from ¼ from ¼ -- 10’s of miles. Range from 10 to 75 ft in 10’s of miles. Range from 10 to 75 ft in

height.height.

Kame: Kame: A moundA mound--like hill of stratified sand and gravel like hill of stratified sand and gravel

formed from collapse of glaciofluvial sediments formed from collapse of glaciofluvial sediments after the melting of stagnant ice.after the melting of stagnant ice.

Kame Terrace: Kame Terrace: Terrace like feature consisting of stratified sand Terrace like feature consisting of stratified sand

and gravel deposited by a stream flowing and gravel deposited by a stream flowing between the valley wall and the glacier.between the valley wall and the glacier.

Kettle Holes:Kettle Holes:Circular depressions formed from the burial of Circular depressions formed from the burial of

isolated blocks of ice and subsequent melting of isolated blocks of ice and subsequent melting of the ice. Kettle holes often are filled with water the ice. Kettle holes often are filled with water

making small regularly shaped ponds. making small regularly shaped ponds.

Outwash Plain:Outwash Plain:Commonly smooth landform of low relief in a Commonly smooth landform of low relief in a

valley floor composed of coarsevalley floor composed of coarse--textured textured glaciofluvial deposit.glaciofluvial deposit.

Lacustrine Plain:Lacustrine Plain:Commonly a smooth plain with low relief, may be Commonly a smooth plain with low relief, may be

strongly undulating if cover upland landforms. strongly undulating if cover upland landforms. Composed of fine to medium textured sediments Composed of fine to medium textured sediments

deposited in glacial lakes.deposited in glacial lakes.

1 ft1 ft

DuneDuneAlthough not specifically a glacial Although not specifically a glacial feature, dunes feature, dunes –– wind deposited wind deposited and sculpted ridges and sculpted ridges -- often occur often occur

propro--glacial, on outwash plains and glacial, on outwash plains and associated glacial lakesassociated glacial lakes

Glacial DeltaGlacial DeltaOutwash deposits from melt water Outwash deposits from melt water

streams in glacial lakes. Often streams in glacial lakes. Often coarse textured, well graded, coarse textured, well graded,

bedded and sortedbedded and sorted

Glacial LandformsGlacial Landforms

Highly variable in shape and sizeHighly variable in shape and sizeUbiquitous across the northern, glaciated Ubiquitous across the northern, glaciated regions of North Americaregions of North AmericaThe type of landform can be easily related The type of landform can be easily related to properties of importance to septic to properties of importance to septic systemssystems