View
266
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
1/208
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
2/208
P.-,
367
C-38
Southern
Branch
of the
University
of
California
Los
Anf
eles
Form L-l
TA
a
COG.
E.
I
.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
3/208
LOS
ANGEi_Eii.
CAD/-
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
4/208
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
5/208
SYNTAX
OF
CLASSICAL
GREEK
FROM
HOMER TO DEMOSTHENES
FIRST
PART
THE
SYNTAX
OF
THE SIMPLE
SENTENCE
EMBRACING
THE
DOCTRINE OF
THE
MOODS
AND
TENSES
BASIL
LANNEAU
GILDERSLEEVE
WITH
THK
CO-OPERATION
OK
CHARLES
WILLIAM
EMIL
MILLER
OF THE
JOHNS
HOPKINS
UNIVERSITY
61904
NEW YORK
:
CINCINNATI
: CHICAGO
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
BOOK
COMPANY
3735^
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
6/208
Copyright,
i
ooo,
by
B. L.
(JII.DKKSLEKVE.
Entered at
Stationers'
Hall,
London.
Greek
Syntax.
\\.
V-
3
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
7/208
1-ivliFAC
Ix
compliance
with
the
wishes of
many
of
my
former
pupils,
I have
determined
to
publish
my
Greek
Syntax
in
parts.
The
framework
was
planned
many
years
ago,
and
corresponds
in
its
structure
to the
scheme
of
my
Latin
Grammar,
the first
edition
of
which
was
published
in
1867.
In
fact,
the
Latin
Syntax
was
based on
the
MS
of
the Greek. Doubtless the
syntactician
of
(4 to-day
will
find
ample opportunity
to
criticise
the
arrangement,
f}
but
to refashion the book would
require
more
time
than
the
t
speeding
years
will allow
me
to
presume
on. Nor
will I
under-
^
take in
this
place
a
vindication
of the
principles
that have
.
guided
me
in
my
syntactical
studies.
A
word, however,
as to
the
order
of
the
examples
may
be
deemed
appropriate.
A
catena
^
of
syntactical
usage
would
be a
memorable
achievement,
and
^;
I
do not
deny
that
at
one time I
thought
it
possible
to
organize
t
4
such
a
work,
for
which
a
large
staff
of
helpers
would
have
been
^
needed;
but
I have
learned to renounce
this ambitious scheme,
and
even
the
present
far
more modest
undertaking
would
have
been
impossible
unless
I
had
associated
with
myself
a
scholar who
is
acquainted
with
every
detail
of
my syntactical
work,
publish-
ed
and
unpublished,
and
who
has
brought
to the task
not
only
a
hearty
sympathy
with
my
views
and
methods,
but
a
clearness
of
judgment
and
an
accuracy
in
details that
have been
of
great
service
to
me
in
my
own
researches.
In
completing
the list
of
examples,
and
in
filling
up
the
gaps
in
the
presentation,
I have
availed
myself
freely
of
his
help,
and
we
have
worked
side
by
side
in the
collection
and the
scrutiny
of the
passages
cited;
and
to
this
pupil,
colleague,
friend,
Professor C.
W.
K. Ml 1.
1.
MR,
the
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
8/208
iv P
KEF
ACE
completion
of
the
work
has
been
committed,
in
case
the
privilege
should
be
denied
me
of
putting
the
last
hand
to
the
labor of
many
years.
Like
myself,
Professor
MILLER
is
thoroughly
imbued
with
the
conviction
that
the
study
of
syntax
is
of
the
utmost
importance
for
the
appreciation
of
literary
form,
and we
both
believe
that
the
presentation
of
the
phenomena
under
the
rubrics of
the
different
departments
of
literature
will
be found
useful
for in-
struction
and
even
more
so
for
suggestion.
Taking
the
Attic
Orators
as
the
standard
of
conventional
Greek,
we
have
worked
backward
through philosophy
and
history
to
tragic, lyric,
and
epic
poetry,
comedy
being
the bridge
which
spans
the
syntax
of
the
agora
and
the
syntax
of
Parnassus.
Individual
syntax
we
have
not
been
able
to set
forth
with
any
fulness,
but the
differ-
ent
departments
have been
represented
to the
best of
our
ability
and
judgment.
The
plan
has saved us from
giving
the
usual
medley
of
examples,
it
has
forced
us
to
rely
largely
on
our
own
collections
and
to examine
the
texts for
ourselves,
and
it
will
enable
those
who
come
after us
to
fill
up
these
outlines
with
greater
ease.
BASIL L.
GILDERSLEEVE.
THE
JOHNS
HOI-KINS
UNIVERSITY,
BALTIMORE.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
9/208
CONTENTS
OF
PART
I
Simple
Sentence,
1-467.
Nominative
Case,
3-13.
As
Subject,
3-4.
In
Titles,
Inscrip-
tions,
etc.,
5.
In
Citations,
Enumerations,
and
Indefinite
Predications,
6-9.
In
Suspense,
10.
In
Exclamations,
n.
For the
Vocative,
12.
In
Apposition
with
Vocative,
13.
Vocative
Case,
14-25.
J>
with
Vocative,
15.
Position of
w,
16-18.
Repetition
of
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
10/208
VI CONTEXTS
71.
Subject
contained
in
Verb,
72.
tta
p^ara,
73.
Divine
Agent
Expressed,
74-75. Impersonal
Verbs,
76.
Subject
an
Infinitive
or
Sentence,
77.
Indefinite
Subject
to
be
Supplied
from
Context,
78
Ellipses
of
Time,
Circumstances,
and
the
like,
79.
One,
how
expressed,
80-81.
Indefinite
Subject
of
the
Third
Person
Plural
Omitted,
82.
Omission
of the
Copula,
83-86.
rri
and
eUri,
84.
Other
Forms,
85.
In
Dependent
Clauses,
86.
Omission
of the Verbal
Predicate,
87.
Concord
of
Predicate,
88-136.
Verbal
Predicate,
88.
Adjective
Predi-
cate,
89.
Concord
when
Subject
is
an
Infinitive,
or
a
Sentence,
or
when the Verb
is
Impersonal,
90.
Agreement
of
Predicate
with
Subject
of
Leading
Verb,
91.
Predicate
Vocative
for
Nominative,
92.
Substantive
Predicate,
93.
Substantiva
Mobilia,
96.
General
Exceptions,
97-118.
Neuter
Plural with
Singular
Verb,
97-98.
Adjective
Predicate
of Neuter
Plural
Subject, 99.
Neuter
Dual
Subject,
100. Plural
Accusative Absolute
with
Singular
Participial
Predicate,
101.
Neuter
Plural with
Plural
Verb,
102.
Neuter
Plural
Subject Comprising Duality
with
Dual
Verb,
103.
With
Singular,
104.
Dual
Subject
with
Plural
Predicate,
105-
109.
Of
First
Person,
105.
Of
Second
or
Third
Person,
106.
With
Plural
Participial
Attribute,
107.
Dual
Genitive
Absolute with
Plural
Participle,
108.
Dual
Subject
and
Plural
Predicate
Ad-
jective,
109.
Plural
Subject
and
Dual
Predicate,
i lo-i
14.
Plural
the
Rule,
in.
Plural Verb
with
Dual
Participle,
112.
Dual
Verb
with
Complementary
Plural Predicate
Participle, 113.
Dual
Adjective
Predicate with Verb of
First Person
Plural,
114.
Transition
from
Dual Verb to Plural
Verb,
or
vice
versa,
in
Same
Sentence,
115.
Dual
Number,
116.
Plural
Subject
and
Singular
Verb,
117-118.
2ocn;
JLa
ITivSapiKov,
118.
Special
Exceptions,
1
19-136.
Nouns
of
Multitude,
120.
Organ-
ized
Number,
121.
Agreement
in
Sense,
122.
Periphrastic
Sub-
ject,
123.
Agreement
of
Copula
with
Predicate, 124.
Agree-
ment
of Verb
with
Appositivc,
125.
Neuter
Adjective
as
Sub-
stantive
Predicate,
126.
Demonstrative Attracted to
Gender
of
Predicate,
127-128.
Demonstrative
not
Attracted,
129.
Differ-
ence between
ri
and
TIS
in
Predicate,
130-131.
TI
instead of
riva.
132.
Tiva.
133.
Attraction of
Superlative
Predicate.
134. Super-
lative
Predicate
Agreeing
with
Genitive,
135.
Masculine
Re-
ferring
to
Indefinite
Subject
known to be a
Woman,
136.
Forms
of
the Verbal
Predicate,
137-467.
Voices
of the
Verb,
137-182.
Active
Voice,
138-144.
Transitive
and
Intransitive
Verbs,
139.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
11/208
CONTEXTS
Vll
Transitive
Verbs
without Outer
Object,
140.
Periphrases
with
YtyvoiMu,
1
4
1
'
Transitive Verbs
used
Intransitively,
142.
Infinitive Active
apparently
as
Passive,
143.
Causative
Active,
144.
Middle
Voice,
145-156.
Direct
Reflexive
Middle,
146.
In-
direct
Middle,
147.
Active
for
the
Indirect
Middle,
148.
Reciprocal
Middle,
149.
Causative
Middle,
150.
Active
and
Reflexive,
151.
av-ros
lavrov,
152.
Middle
with
Reflex-
ive
Forms,
153-154.
Middle
and Accusative
of
the
Part
Affected,
155.
Details
of Difference
between
the Active
and
the
Middle,
156.
Passive
Voice,
157-178.
Instrument, Means,
or
Cause,
158.
Agent, 159-165. Interchange
of
Instrument
and
Agent,
166.
Permissive
Passive,
167.
Future
Middle
in
Passive
Sense,
168.
Aorist
Passive
for
Aorist
Middle,
169.
Passive
of
Middle
Verbs,
170.
Active
Serving
as
Passive,
171-172.
Passives
of
Intransitive
Verbs,
173.
Passive
of
Verbs that
take Genitive
or
Dative,
174-175.
Impersonal
Passive
of
Verbs
Governing
an
Oblique
Case,
176.
Deponent
Verbs,
177.
Passive
of
Deponents expressed by
Periphrasis,
178.
Reciprocal
Expressions,
179-182.
dXXTjXuv, 179.
Reciprocal
Reflexives,
180.
Reciprocal
and
Reflexive
in
Contrast,
181.
Repetition
of
Cognates,
182.
Mood
Defined,
183.
Tenses
of the
Verb,
184-360.
Present
Tense,
189-204.
Specific
Present.
Universal
Present,
189-190.
Present
Participle
combined
with
Copula,
191.
Conative
Present. Present
of
Endeavor,
192-193.
Present
Anticipating
Future.
Praesens
Prophcticum,
194.
elfii,
195-197.
Present
in Passionate
Questions,
198.
Historical
Present,
199-200.
Annalistic
or
Note-Book
Present,
201.
Present of
Unity
of
Time,
202. Perfect of
Unity
of
Time,
203.
Present
for
Perfect,
204.
Imperfect
Tense,
205-225.
With
Adverb
of
Rapidity,
206.
Descriptive Imperfect,
207.
Imperfect
with
Definite
Num-
bers,
208-210.
Imperfect
and
Aorist
Interwoven,
21
1.
Inter-
change
of
Imperfect
and
Aorist,
212.
Imperfect
of
Endeavor.
213.
The
Same combined
with
Aorist
of
Attainment,
214.
fptXXov
with
Infinitive,
215.
Negative
Imperfect,
216.
Imper-
fect of Past
Impressions.
217-220.
In
Description
of
Sce-
nery.
217.
Of
Points
Assumed,
218. Of Former
Views,
219.
Of
Sudden
Appreciation
of
Real
State
of
Affairs.
Imperfect
for
Present,
220.
Origin
of
Modal
eSci,
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
12/208
CONTENTS
feet
of
Unity
of
Time,
222-223.
Imperfect
apparently
used
as
a
Pluperfect,
224.
Of
TJKttv
and
otxr6ai
used
Aoristi-
cally,
225.
Perfect
Tense,
226-234.
Perfect
of
Maintenance
of
Result,
228. Intensive
Perfect,
229-232.
Perfect
of an Action
that
is
Dated,
233.
For
Future
Perfect,
234.
Gnomic
Perfect;
257. Periphrastic
Perfect,
286-288.
Pluperfect
Tense,
235-237.
Of
Rapid
Relative
Completion,
236.
As
Imperfect,
237.
Aonst
Tense,
238-264.
Ingressive,
239-242.
Of Actions
of
Long
Duration,
Complexive
Aorist,
243-244.
Of
Total
Negation,
245-246.
Present
used
in
Negation,
247.
Aorist
for
Perfect,
248-252.
Translated
by
Pluperfect,
253-254.
Gnomic
Aorist,
255.
Aorist of
Comparison,
256.
Gnomic
Perfect
and
Future,
257-258.
Empirical
Aorist,
259.
Aorist
in General
Descriptions,
260.
In Passionate
Questions,
261.
Where
English
uses
Present,
262.
Of the
Future,
263.
Imperfect,
Aorist,
and
Pluperfect
Side
by
Side,
264.
Future
Tense,
265-278.
Modal Nature
of,
267.
In
Delibera-
tive
Questions,
268.
Imperative
Use
of,
269.
|xi]
and the
Future Indicative
in
Prohibitions,
270.
oi
with
Future
In-
dicative
in
Questions
as
Imperative.
271.
Periphrastic
Future
with
(j.e'X\o>,
272-276.
pe'XXw
with
Future
Infinitive,
273.
With
Present
Infinitive,
274.
With Piesent
and
Future,
275.
With
Aorist,
276.
pe'XXa),
I
postpone,
277-278.
With
Present,
277.
With
Aorist,
278.
Gnomic
Future,
257-258.
Future
Perfect
Tense,
279-284.
Future
Perfect
Active,
280.
Future Perfect Middle used
Passively,
281.
Future
Perfect
in
Imperative
Sense,
282.
As
a
Future,
283.
Periphrastic
Future
Perfect
Middle,
284.
Periphrastic
Tenses,
285-296.
Periphrases
with
Perfect
Parti-
ciple,
286-290.
Perfect Participle
with
titjv
av,
288.
Perfect
Participle
Parallel with
an
Adjective,
289.
As Predicate
of
Participle
of
dpi,
290.
Periphrases
with
Present
Participle,
291-292.
Present
Participle
Parallel with an
Adjective,
292.
Periphrases
with Aorist
Participle,
293-295.
Aorist
Parti-
ciple
with
forms of
aivo;jLai,
294.
With
f\o>,
295.
Peri-
phrastic
Perfect
Participle
with
?x
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
13/208
CONTENTS
ix
Present,
307.
Aorist,
308.
Perfect.
309.
Future,
310.
Re-
tention
of
Imperfect
and
Pluperfect
Indicative in
Oratio
Obliqua,
311.
Present
Optative
representing Imperfect
Indicative,
312.
Tenses
of
the
Infinitive,
313-328.
Infinitive as a Verbal
Noun,
313-326.
As
Subject,
314-319.
As
Object,
320-326.
Future
Infinitive
as
Object
of
Verbs of
Creation,
326.
Infinitive
as
Representative
of
Indicative,
327-328.
Anarthrous,
327.
Articular,
328.
Tenses
of the
Participle,
329-360.
Of
Participle
as
Verbal
Adjective,
329-353.
Present,
330-338.
Of
Contemporane-
ous
Action,
330-336.
Prior
Action,
337.
Subsequent
Action,
338.
Aorist,
339-347-
Perfect,
348-353.
Of
Participle
as
Representative
of
the
Indicative,
354-360.
Present,
355-357.
Aorist,
358.
Perfect,
359.
Future,
360.
Moods,
361-467.
Indicative
Mood,
361-368. Expression
of
Possibility,
Power,
Obligation,
and
Necessity,
363-364.
cSct,
^xP'i*''
etc.,
of
Present,
364.
In Generic
Sentences,
365.
Non-use
of
Certain
Tenses
of Indicative with
Temporal
Particles,
366.
Indicative
in
Wishes,
367.
In
other
than
Simple
Sen-
tences,
368.
Subjunctive
Mood,
369-387.
Name,
370. Theory,
371.
Im-
perative Subjunctive,
3/2-375.
Imperative
of First
Person,
373-374.
Imperative Subjunctive
of
Second
Person,
375.
Aorist
Subjunctive
in
Prohibitions,
3/6-377.
Present
Sub-
junctive
Third Person
as
Negative
Imperative,
378.
Sub-
junctive
Questions,
Deliberative
Subjunctive,
379-384.
First
Person,
380.
Second
Person,
381.
Third
Person,
382.
Sub-
stitutes
for
the Deliberative
Subjunctive,
383.
Tiird0a>;
384.
Subjunctive
in
tIalf-Questions,
385.
Homeric
Subjunctive,
386. Subjunctive
in
Dependent
Clauses,
387.
Optative
Mood,
388-400.
In
Wishes,
388.
Potential
Optative.
389.
Optative
in
Questions,
390.
Tenses
of
Pure
Optative.
391-393.
Imperative
Optative,
394.
Optative
with
ei0c,
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
14/208
CONTENTS
c,
with
Imperative,
410-413.
Negative
Imperative,
414-
419.
Difference
between
Present
and
Aorist
in
Prohibitions,
415. Examples
of
Present,
416.
Aorist,
417-418.
Third
Person,
417. Second
Person,
418.
Perfect,
419.
Equiva-
lents of
Imperative,
420.
Representatives
of
Imperative
in
Oratio
Obliqua,
421.
Imperative
in
Dependent
and
in
In-
terrogative
Sentences,
422.
Particle
av,
423-467.
Distinctions
in
Use of
av,
424.
Shifting
from
Definite
to
Indefinite,
425.
KCV
KC),
Ks
av
with
Optative
to
Express
Wish,
446.
Optative
with
av
in
Dependent
Discourse,
447.
Adherescent
av,
448.
lav,
orav,
etc.,
with
Optative, 449.
Omission
of av
with
Optative.
Pure
Optative
as
a
Potential,
450.
Subjunctive
with
av,
451-456.
As
a
Form
of
Independent
Statement,
452-455.
Omission
of av
in
Subjunctive
De-
pendent
Clauses,
456.
Other Uses of
av,
457-458.
av with
other
Moods,
457.
av
without
a
Verb,
458.
Position
of
av
and
K(V),
459-467.
After
Verb,
460.
With
Negatives,
461.
With
Interrogatives,
462.
After
Participle,
463.
With
any
Leading
Modifier,
464.
With
Verbs
of
Say-
ingor
Thinking,465.
Rare Position in Relative
Subjunctive
Sentences,
466.
Repetition
of
av
and
KC(V),
467.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
15/208
GREEK SYNTAX
1.
SYNTAX
treats
of
the formation
and
combination
of sen-
tences.
A
sentence
is
the expression
of
thought
in
words.
It
is
a
\6yos
The
necessary parts
of
the
sentence
are
the
subject
and the
predicate.
The
predicate
is
that which
is said
of
the
subject.
The
subject
is that
of
which the
predicate
is
said.
avBponros
)iavOdvci,
PLATO,
Soph.
262
C;
Man
/earns.
avOpwiros
is the
subject;
navOdvei
is
the
predicate.
See also
2,
27,
and
68-82.
Sentences
are
divided
into
simple
and
compound.
A
simple
sentence
is
one
in
which
the
necessary
parts
of the
sentence
occur
but
once,
as
above,
av9pu>u-os
pavddvcu
For
the
compound
sentence,
see
Index.
SYNTAX
OF
THE
SIMPLE
SENTENCE
2.
The most
simple
form
of
the
sentence
is
the finite verb
:
el-|,
/
am
;
8i8u>-s,
thou
givest
;
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
16/208
2
GREEK
SYNTAX
dSvvarov
. .
.
avOpwirov
iravra
icaXws
iroiciv,
XEX.
Cyr.
8,
2,
5
;
For-a
man
to
do all
tilings
well
is
impossible.
For
the
nominative
with the
infinitive,
see
Index.
5.
NOMINATIVE
IN
TITLES,
INSCRIPTIONS,
ETC.
-T
The
nominative
is
used
as
in
English,
not
only
as
the
subject
of
the
verb,
but
in
titles,
inscriptions,
and the
like,
which
imply
action
or
character.
i,
Clouds
;
2tJKs,
Wasps
;
Elpijvr),
Peace
;
Bdrpaxoi,
frog's
;
nXovros, Plutus,
etc.
KaXXierroj
NiiccxfuXov
'AyytXtjOev,
CIA.
II,
1682.
npoKXeiStjs
4>iXo-
,
CIA.
II,
1686.
CIA.
II,
1689.
1690. 1691. 1692.
etc.
6.
NOMINATIVE
IN
CITATIONS,
ENUMERATIONS,
AND
IN-
DEFINITE
PREDICATIONS.
Under the former
head more
prop-
erly
belongs
also
the
use
of
tlie so-called
nominative
absolute
in
the
citation
of
names,
in.
enumerations,
and
in
indefinite
predications.
oivf)p
8
-yev6(ivos
irpocriXT)
TTJV
riv
TrovTjpwv
KOIVTJV
eircovvfuav
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
17/208
KOM1\AT1\'JK
CASE
3
This
use
of the
nominative
abounds
in
inscriptions:
CIA.
I,
37
(=
Hicks,
No.
47).
Ibid.
170-3
(=
Hicks.
No.
50):
T
.
. .
(TTf(paiH)S
. .
.,
(ptliXllL
.
.
.,
KUptJ
. .
.,
K
O
I T
'/
.
.
.
ACT*'.,
KT.
Ibid.
259
(=
Hicks,
No.
48),
etc.,
etc. See
Msth.,
Or.
d.
Alt.
Inschr.-'
82,
3
dj.
g.
Nom.
in
Indefinite
Predications
:
HOM.
Od.
I,
51
v]pt)fvs,
'\vri?iu>-
pov
ffjyov,
1'roin
the
quadrireine
Anysis,
the
work
of
Antidonts. So
often
in
the same
inscription.
Ibid.
I,
179,
7
sqq.
(433
B.C.)
:
irap(8o
.
.
.
rpfls
KU\
10.
NOMINATIVK
IX SusPKNSE.
The
nominative
is some-
times
left
in
suspense
(ttominativiis
pcndcns,
anacolntlion,
want
of
sequence),
an
equivalent
construction
being
substituted.
SiaXc-yopevo?
avru
ISo^c
fioi,
PLATO,
Apol.
21
C;
Talking
with
him
it seemed to me.
ISOC.
4,
IO7-8:
)(OVT(S
. . .
K(KTTJp.(VOl
.
. .
KpdTOVVTfS
.
.
.
I
>
6 T
( S
. .
.
OflOlS
OV&(V
TOVTOiV
T)p.US
(TT']p(.
12,
I
I 8.
AN
DOC.
I,
1
6.
Ibid.
29-30:
Km
yap
ol
Xoyoi
TUIV
KOTtjyoptov
. . . rovrtav
ovv
ffjioi
ran/
\(iyu>i>
.
.
.
TI
Trpt)(rr']Kfi
;
Ibid.
95.
PLATO,
Apol.
21
C
(see
above).
Crat.
403
A
(bis).
Ibid.
404
C
:
**
ppt-
s
xrt.
Au.
Kan.
652
:
livdptawot
itpiit.
PI.
23
:
Xrjpoy, Stuff
and
nonsense
Euk.
Med.
61
:
o>
/xo>/>ov,
O
foolish
woman
that
she is
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
18/208
GREEK
SYNTAX
SOPH.
El.
1354.
Ph.
254:
o>
TroXX'
ryco
p.o^0rjpos,
co
iriKpos
Seals.
Tr,
1046
sq.
HOM. Od.
2O,
194:
dva-fjLopos.
II.
I,
231
:
dr)p.ol36pos
i3a
8
OKI
p.
co-
raro
r
'EXXafli.
SOPH.
Ai.
525
:
Ainr,
and
so
regularly
in
Sophocles.
(See
Ellendt,
Lex.
Soph.).
AESCHVL.
P.
V.
88-90:
co
Stor
aldrjp
K(ii
ra^vTrrtpoi
TTI/OO/,
|
iroTap.cav
re
Tfriya\
irovriwv
Tt
Kvp.nru>v
|
ye
XcHTfJia,
irofifiTiTop
Te
yrj.
Ibui.
545
w
(p[\os,
ft77f.
Fr.
207
N
J
:
rf>dyns,
ytvfiov apa
TrevOiicreis
a v
ye.
H()M.
Od.
I,
301
:
i\os,
fj.d\a
ydp
(r(e)
Kre.
IJ,
415
:
8t>s,
(pi\s.
19,
406
:
yap.j3pos
efj.i>s
Bvyartp
re,
riflfcrff
wop.
UTTI Ktv ftTrco.
II.
3,
276
sq.
:
Zev
TTurtp
lF>jj6ei>
p-eSf'tov
KvSicrTf
peyicrrt
\
'He'Xios
1
$'
or
TTUVT'
e'fpopas.
For
the
occasional
use of the
Nom.
Adj.
with a Voc. Subst.
or of
a
Voc.
Adj.
with a Nom.
Subst.,
see Index.
1
This
is a
curious
coincidence
with
the Yedic rule
(Delbruck,
Synt.
Forsch.
V.
66|
which
prohibits
copulation
of two vocatives
by
ca
(r
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
19/208
VOCATIVE CASE
5
13.
NOMINATIVE
IN APPOSITION
WITH
THE
VOCATIVE.
The
nominative
with
the article
is
sometimes
in
apposition
with
an
expressed
or
unexpressed
vocative
which
is
identical
with
the
subject
of
the
verb.
Similarly
the
pronoun
OVTOS
is
often
used
in
calling
to a
person.
&
irats,
atcoXouOci
Stvpo,
AK. Ran.
521
;
You
boy,
follow
this
way
I
OVTOS,
TI
iroifis
;
Ibid. Nub.
723
:
You
there,
w/iat are
you
doing
?
PLATO,
Conv.
172
A :
*Q
X
;; p
t
v
s,
((prj,
o
VTOS
'ArroXX
o5o>p
or,
ov
irepi-
ft(
vt
i
s
;
(C(iyo)
enicrTiis
ir(piip.iva-
KU\
oy,
'ATruXXcJSwpf
,
(prj
KT(.
(note
difference
between
nom. and
voc.).
Ibid.
218
H :
ol be
oiKfrai
KH\ d
rty uXXo?
tort
&it
1r)-
\os
. .
.,
Tri'Xas
.
. .
rots UHFIV
(ntdfcrde.
Protag.
337
C
:
o>
tlvftpfs, (
oi
irapi>i>T(
v.
XEN.
An.
I,
5.
l6:
n/xifi/f
KU\
oi
XXoi
ol
TrapovTt
s E\\rjvfs,
OVK
lcr-e
on
iroif'tTf,
Proxenus
and
the
rest
of
you
Greeks
that
are
present,
you
do
not
know
wltat
you
are
doing. Cyr.
4,
5.
'7
:
'$'
M
(l/
irpftrtivTaTas,
icdi
lu>t>
Ttiirra
Xt'yf.
Ibid.
4,
5>
22
^
^
*0'?'
r^
t/
'Ypxavitav
npx&v, virofjitivov.
Ibid.
5. 3- 43
'
fiftfif\(tr&f
.
.
.
oi
rt
up^ovrfs
Km
irt'ivrts
(5
oi
cr
u>
i
Tr\rj
(r
iov.
Al
oilror,
ovror.
Av.
665-
6:
f)
HpoKvr),
\
fxpaivf.
Lys. 437
:
(odo-as,
OVTOS
;
Ran.
521 (see
above).
EUR.
Ale.
773
OVTOS,
ri
(Tf^ivov
.
.
.
ft\(ir(is
;
Med.
922
:
UVTT),
TI
x\(apms
KaKpvois
rtyytis
Kopas
;
Or.
1567:
OVTOS
a~v,
. .
.
p.r]
\^av(rr}S
(
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
20/208
6
GREEK'
SYNTAX
uvftpt
$
'A$^
with
the
vocative
of
proper
names,
and
only
8 in-
stances
of the
vocative
of
proper
names without i.
(See
Hug
on
Plat.
Conv.
/////.).
Protag.
:
All
of about
a
hundred
vocatives
of
proper
names
seem
to have
the w.
(See
Hug
/.
c.).
XKN .
Anab. :
w
with the
vocative
occurs about
40
times;
1
e.g.
i,
7,
3.
THUC.
:
About
40
times;*
e.g.
i,
32,
i.
HDT.
7,
1
60.
161.
AK.
Eq.
1194.
Nub.
793.
794. Vesp.
136.
EUR.
Hel.
744.
SOPH.
Ant.
49.
572.
AESCHYL.
Sept.
203.
255.
HOM.
Od.
i,
45
et
saepe.
II.
i,
74
et
saepe.
16.
POSITION
OF
iAe.
AR.
Eq.
108.
SOPH.
El.
86.
Ph.
1128.
1
8.
Exceptional
Position:
EUR. Cf.
El.
167.
Hel.
1451.
Or.
1246:
MvKrjviSa
&
SupaKocrai.
HOM.
Od.
8,
408
:
x
f
/
;f
>
TiiTtp
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
21/208
I'OCATIVE
CASE
7
20.
OMISSION
OF
*.
The
omission
of
*
in
prose
is
passion-
ate
or late.
XTHHIT',
'AOri
vaioi,
DEM.
8,
31
;
You
are
talking
nonsense,
Athenians.
DEM.
8,
31
(see
above),
tivdpts
'A&ji/mot,
as for
example
in
8,
35,
is
rare
by
the
side
of
2i
wbpts
'AGtjvaioi.
i*t>8pfs
SiKaarui,
as for
example
in
18,
196,
is
rare
by
the side
of
ivSpts
fiiKumai.
18,
243:
heightens
the
excitement
still
further.
22.
Vocative
Postpositive:
DEM.
more
than
a
thousand
times,
as
in
1
8,
5.
21,1.
23,
i.
30,
i.
AESCHIN.
I,
122
:
avrrj
p.(v
fanv,
2>
Ti/iap^f|
ili>8pbs
dyadov
. . .
ajroXoyia,
and
so
in the
other orators.
PLATO,
Conv.
173
D. 212
B.
Gorg.
518
E. Phileb.
n
A
(-?')
XEN.
An.
1,6,
6
(s).
7.
8.
9.
THUC.
Postposition
is the
rule for Thuc.
as
in
I,
75,
i.
I,
76,
I.
HUT.
i,
9
(s).
u
(s).
AR. Ach.
1099(5).
1136.
Nub.
794.
EUK.
Hel.
744.
SOI-H.
Ant.
1 1
(s).
49.
AKSCHYL.
P.
V.
144 (s).
307
(s).
319
(s).
635
(s).
HOM.
Od.
i,
i
(s).
II.
I,
26
(s).
131
(s).
158.
1
In this
section
and the
following,
u
is
used in
all
those
passages
which
arc
not
followed
by
an
s
siitf.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
22/208
8
GREEK
SYNTAX
23.
Vocative
Prepositive:
DIN.
i,
72 (once
in
67
times).
1
DEM.
rare,
as
in
8,
35
(s).
20,
i
(s).
32,
i
(5).
AESCHIN.
i,\2\
(s)
(only
once,
and
that
a
quotation).
ISAE.
3.
I
(s).
PLATO,
Conv.
173
E.
Crito,
46
B.
Euthyphr.
3
C.
XEX.
An.
i,
5,
16
(s).
7,
3.
3,
i,
27
THUC.
2,
n
(s).
71
(s}.
4,
10
(s).
95. 5,
9 (*).
7,
61
(j).
HDT.
i,
8
(s,
to).
7,
158
(s).
160.
161.
162
(j).
AR.
Ach.
432.
Eq.
1194. Vesp.
136.
EUR. Hel.
858
(s).
SOPH. Ant.
223
(s).
572.
AESCHYL.
P.
V.
3 (s).
Sept.
203.
255.
HOM
Od.
1,45.
64
(s).
Si.
158(5). 337
(*)
346 (j).
384(5).
389(5).
400
(s).
II.
i,
17
CO.
59
CO-
74-
106(5).
122(5).
442.
24.
VOCATIVE
IN EXCLAMATIONS. The
vocative
may
be
used
in
exclamations.
'HpaicXeis,
DEM.
9,
31
;
Herakles
DEM.
9, 31 (see
above).
19,
308:
'HpuicXeiy.
21,
66:
id.
22,
78;
&>
yij
*ai $foi.
24,
1
86
;
id.
39,
21
:
id.
40,
5
:
id.
PLATO,
Prot.
310
D
: a>
ZfO
'HpZei. O.
C.
221.
532.
O.R.i
198.
AESCHYL.
Ag.
1257
ororoi,
Avxet'
ATroXXoi/,
ot
fyu>
(yea.
ALCMAN,
fr.
29,
Bgk.
4
:
Zev
Trarep,
at
yiip
f/j.os
TTI'HTIS
(1^.
HOM.
Od.
4,
341
:
ZeO re
Trarep
/cal
'\6rjvair]
KU'I AnoXXov
(not
real
prayers).
II.
2,
371
:
id.
25.
PREDICATE VOCATIVE.
The
vocative,
not
being
a
case
proper,
cannot
take
a
predicate,
but
the
predicate
(nom.)
adjec-
tive
is
occasionally
attracted
into
the vocative. Clear
cases are
late :
di/ri
yap
ocX/^s-
ipfipaaf
Hapdfviov,
CALLIM.
fr.
213,
T/lOlt
wast called
(hnbrasus),
O
Imbrasits,
instead
of
Parthenius.
oXfiif
Kovpt,
yivmo,
TlIEOCR.
17,
66
;
Uaf>f)y
laddie,
mayst
thou
prove
(so).
1
Rockel,
/.
c.
,
pp.
49-50.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
23/208
VOCATIVE CASE
g
In the classical
period
the
examples
are
only
apparent,
or,
at
most,
the
predicate
may
be
picked
out
from the
attribute
which
precedes
the
verb.
AR.
Av.
627
. o>
(piXrar'
f'p.oi
no\v
npt(r;JvTi>
f
t^difTTov
fifTtmiirro) /.
EUR.
Tr.
1221-3
(TV
T tit nor' oScra tcaXXiviKt
p-vpiutv \
p.fjT(p
rpinraitav,
*ETopoy
cXavrf
dai/o>f
Sufuara.
26.
FORMS
OF
THE
SUBJECT.
The
expressed
subject
of
the
finite
verb
may
be
in
the
form
of a
substantive,
a
pronoun,
or
some
word
or
phrase
used as
a
substantive.
K6vwv
.
. .
^viKTjo-e,
DIN.
i.
75
,
Conon
gained
the
victory.
troXXiiv
XPIH^-
TWV
TO
xP
T
l
r
*
v Ivat
Xvo-iTcXeoTfpov
iari,
Dt.M.
36, 52.
OWTOS
fyrjiw,
DEM.
[46],
21
,
This
man
got
married.
DIN.
i,
75
(see
above).
DEM.
36, 52
(see
above).
[46],
21
(id.).
LYS.
i,
1 1
TO
TraiSioj/
(,36a,
The
baby
was
bawling.
13, 85
'
ft
p.ev
TO
PLATO,
Ale.
I,
Il6
C.
ra
dyada
(rvfji
irXrjv
ft
ris KTf.
(Part.
gen.
as
subj.)
Til
L'C.
1
,
1
26.
9
ol
. .
.
fjifTa
TOV
K.v\d)vos
3,
1
08,
2
o ( Kara TO
8 e iov
Kfpas
tviKtov
TO
and'
e'auToi/r
4-
33>
'
'
^*
TTfpi
TOI>
'
ETrtrudav.
HDT.
1,62
oi
dfji(p\
lI(tKT uncai
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
24/208
10
GREEK
SYNTAX
feminine
adjectives
and
participles
are
used
as
personal
substan-
tives
freely
with
the article
in both
numbers,
less
freely
without
the
article in
standard
prose.
29.
a. With
the article.
:
DEM.
I,
I
.
TO/
ftov\op.evo)v.
3-
I?'
TOVS aiTiovs. Ibid.
21
:
TOV
op.cavvfj.ov.
4, 44
:
Tt^v
\(yovT
KiKTrj^fvcf.
Rpb.
409
C
:
6
fx
3
2
>
'
TOVS
f)j3a>VTas.
HDT.
I,
120:
TOVS
ydvafifvovs.
3,65:
rutv . .
.
oiKrjioraTuiv.
AR.
Eccl.
1126:
Ttjs
ffjir/s
KfKTr)n(VT)s.
PI.
495
:
TOVS
dyadavs.
EUR. Ale.
167
.'
avriav
rj
TfKovcr(a).
El.
335
o
r'
(Kfivov
Tfxav.
Hipp. 413
;
ras
crd>(t)povas.
Or.
51.
o
Kfivov
yfvofjLfvos.
SOPH.
Ai.
456:
^o)
KO.KOS
TOV
Kpfltrcrova.
Ant.
5
20
:
^X
Xptjo-Tos
rc5
KOK(f
XdXf'lV
10-OS.
fr.
321
N
2
:
TOV
0VTJTOV.
AESCHYL.
Suppl
951
:
TO'LS
apo-eaiv.
THEOGN.
1026:
T&V
dyaGSw.
Ho.M. Od.
15,324-.
TOIS
dyadoivi.
IJ,
218: TOV
opo'iav
(bis).
20,
133:
TOV
.
. .
dpeiov(a).
224
: TOV
8vo~Tr]vov.
II.
3,
255
:
TW
.
.
.
viKt']o-avTi.
6,
435
:
ot
apurroi,
8,
342
-=2
1
1,
178
;
TOV
OTTI-
O-TCITOV.
IO,
237:
TOV
dpfLOl.
II,
658'.
OI
OplOTOl.
I
3,
2791
TOV
.
. .
KOKOV
TpfTTfTdl \pUlS.
I
6,
53
'
fOV
OfJ.olov.
21,
2OJ
'.
TOV
lipKTTOV.
2$,
663
1
6
ViKTjdfiS.
30.
/;. Without
the article:
DEM.
I
8,
JO',
Z>
XeycOJ/ fV^tp&S
o
TI
av
j3ov\rj6r}S.
Ax'i'iPH.
3
ft
12
:
n^XtwTfiTO)
Si/o
(ace.).
PLAT.
Ale.
I,
119
C;
o>
< /KO-rf.
Conv.
194
B. voi)v
e^oi/ri
oXt'yoi
e^i-
(f)p('>vTpoi.
Legg.
795
^-
8ia(f)fpti
. .
.
p.a6u>v
p.f]
p.a0i'>vTos.
Phaedr.
239
A :
(pa>p.(vu>.
Tim.
29
E:
dyada>.
XEN. Hell.
5.
'.
'9
' '
^roXXar
vavs
KfKTr)p.evovs.
AR.
Nub.
518;
a)
dtojfjifvoi.
Pax,
384
:
o>
nnvtjpoi.
EtJR.
Hipp.
682:
w
7rayK(iKi
KUKO>V
KIIKKTT(.
Ibid.
1397:
K
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
25/208
I'OCATIl'E
CASE
n
THEOGN.
1025.
duXm'.
HOM.
Od.
3.74.
d\\oftanol.
THEOG.
3'~2
'
KaKolffi
5
^tr) TTpocrop.i\fi I
dv8pd(Tiv
a\\
aid
ru>v
dyn0a>v
(\fo.
43
ft
siif/n:
Ho.M. II.
3-
108
oirXoTfpoav
dvftpu>v.
vi>.
COM.
Fk. Mc-in.
3,462,
13-4.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
26/208
12
GREEK
SYNTAX
DEM.
18,
281
:
OVK
e'rri
TTJS avrr]S
(sc.
dyKvpas)
6pfj.fl.
rols
TroXXoty,
He does
not
ride
at,
depend
on,
the
same
anchor
as
the
people.
21,
84
:
fj
Kvpia
(sc.
Tj/j.('pa)
.
.
.
fls
TTJV
voTepaiav
(sc.
fjfj.fpav^).
24,
7-
2>;ys)
iraitrfifv.
Ibid.
7,
8,
20:
T^
vcrTtpaiq.
Hell.
4,
4,
13
:
iyyt r)i/
Vi
Me'yapa
(SC.
oSoi/
)
and
T^V
fVl
.\aK($aip.ova
untxuipfi.
Ibid. ],
2,
13:
r/)i/
(rvvrofjiov
(sc.
ofiov).
.
.
d(f)iK.ecrdai
and
tcvro
r/yy
TT
a
p
a TO
Te
t^os.
Hiero,
2,
8:
8ta
TroXe/iias
(SC.
y^s
Of
^copas).
THUC.
5,
26,
5
:
(pfvyeiv
rljv
fpavrov
(sc.
y^v).
Ibid.
6,
54,
5
:
fiKoV
yiyvofJ,evaiV.
HDT.
3,
64:
Kaipirj
(sc.
TrXiyyj)
f'8o^t
Ttrvfydai.
Ibid.
5,
17
:
(rvi>Tnp.os
(SC.
6Sos).
7^/Vf.
8,
27
:
t)
SfKurrj
(sc.
/iolpa).
Ak.
Ran.
685:
K*W/
to-ai
(SC.
-^^(poi)
yivtavrai.
Ibid.
1096:
TUTrro/iei/o?
Tulai
TrXaTfiais
(sc.
j^tpcriv).
EUR. Ale.
784:
T^J/
avpiov
p.fX\ovcrav
(sc.
f)p.fpav),
SOPH.
Ant.
1308-9:
dvrai'av
(sc.
TrXayav)
eiraurfv.
O. T.
810: oi
/^}
lo-r;^
(sc.
8(Ki;v?)
y'
frurtv.
Phil.
139^
:
8f^*as
(sc.
^eipo?)
f/i^S
fftydiv.
AKSCHYL.
Cho.
639-40:
i
TTJS
i
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
27/208
NEUTER
ADJECTIVES
13
irl
T7)
i.
3-
''9-
*
>
^7
-
f
T
f)
l
TTi
pavuTb).
5-7--
KUTtSrjcrav
TT)V
tw\
6 nviiTU).
7-62:
rrjvnvr^vTavTr^v
rcrraXfjLfi'oi.
J,
84-
TJ)V
avrijv
rcTJCCvaoyM'pot.
8,
6
:
tic
. .
.
TTJS
dvriTjs
irpos-
TT\ffll>
OV
K
xpn
(Tl
^
niv
-
20
-
-&'
*'
v
& v
-
23.
51
:
&vo
ftr)\ol
Sinaia
(sc.
6
vftos).
The law
sets
forth
two lines
of
legal
procedure.
23,
120:
-nuvr
ffv
'A\(at>8pos.
23,
206
(see
above).
[6iJ,
6:
b~VOlV
TOtll
(CaXX
/
(TTOIV.
AF.SCHIN.
3, 165
: TO 8'
(cr6p.f
vov.
3,218:
dpKt
I
yap
^101
\j.
i K
p
a
Kaifjifi-
6v
54-
^roXii
.
. .
TT/KJ
riav
TpuiKtav
. .
.
Kai
/jUKpuv
npo
.
4,
189:
^iryuXa
. . .
piKpd.
11,43-
^ l
Jlt>
TOIV
n
i
IT
%
i ifToi
v.
ANTIPHON,
6,
3'
^^
rt')
ptyitrTw
KUI
i(r\vf>oTdri^.
PLATO, Charm.
158
A:
TU
bpwptva
TIJS ioY
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
28/208
14
GREEK SYNTAX
f^dia-Ta
TCI
tvavTitoTciTa,
fyvxpov 6epp.oi, TriKpbv
y\vKf~i, r)pbv
vypco.
Ibid.
195
B:
opoiov
6/iO('o)
dtl irf\dei. Ibid.
22O
C:
e'
eaidivov.
Euthyd.
282
C:
OTTO
TavTOfjuirov.
Ibtd.
34
B
ro (TTTJ.VLOV.
Euthyph.
5
D
: TO
Ofriov
.
. .
Kcil
TO
avocriov
.
.
.
TOV
p.fv
6o~iov
TTIIVTOS
.
.
.
TO
ucriov
KOI
TO
dvoaiov
.
.
.
TO
iJCTlOV.
Ibid. 6
D
: TO ScTiOV . . .
(V
Tl
fj
8llO
. .
. TU>V
7TO\Xo)l/
6
(T
I O>
V
. . .
TTlivTa
Til
OCTta .
. .
Til
Tf dl>l)O~la
. . . KCU
Til
OCTICI. Ibid.
6
E :
TO
/JLeV
TO(?
dfois
TTpocrcpiXes
. .
.
TO
8e
p.f]
npocrcpiXe
s.
Gorg.
449
C: ev
fipaxvTfpois.
Ibid.
473
1^
: To
oihjjQfS-
Ibid.
488
D
:
TO
KpeiTTov
KCU
TO
j3(\Tiov
Km TO
Icr^vpi'i-
Ttpov.
Ibid.
488
E:
TO 'ivov
f'xfLv.
Legg.
642
A:
Trepl
oivbv
. . . TO 8e
i8iov.
Ibid.
885
A:
els
KOIVUV.
Ibid.
932
A:
i^fxp-
f&v
eV;
(iTtui/
TOO
/3tou.
Lys.
214 B:
TO
0/j.oiov
Tea
ofjtoiof
dvdynr)
del
0tXov
etVat.
Ib.'d.
:
irtpl
.
. . TOV oXou.
Meno,
89
A: TO
di(pi\ifj.ov.
Parm.
145
Bl TO
ye
^iaov
'i(rov TU>V
ecr^arcai'
aTTf^et.
7^/
ev . .
. TTO\V
fit)
iKavms
Trtpdvai.
XEN.
Ag.
I,
15.
ITTTTIKOV
OVK
ft^fv.
An.
2,
5. 3$'
*ty
fTrfjKoov.
Ibid.
3,
i,
21
:
tv
/is'o-.
Ibid.
7,
6,
8
:
eV
eVj/Kow.
Conv.
3. 3
:
ets
p.(a-ov.
Cyr.
1,3,
18
:
J/Tl
ToO
illKT
iXlKOV
TO
TV
paw
If.
O
V.
Ibid.
1,6,
14:
T.
Il>id.
I,
6,
38
:
eV TOIS
p-ovcriKols
(neut.).
Ibid.
2,
3,
8
:
ev
KOIVO>.
Ibid.
3,
3,
28: ev TTf
p
IT(
Tafpptv
p.i
v
GI
p.tv, KiiTiifpd
ve
i
fie
...
fv
d(pavf-
o-TaT
TW
(f>ai>(pa>
al(T\pd
. . .
TII
ev
TU
dcf)(ivf't.
Ibid.
8, I,
34: TToXf/xiKaii'.
Ibid.
8,
2,
12:
/ieyiiXa
. . .
turn
p.iKpa>v.
Hell.
2,
1,2:
eK
ToG
eptpavovs.
Ibid.
2,
I,
25
:
o^/c
tV
KaXtji
^r;
IIVTOVS
oppdv.
lin'd.
2,2,
1
6
:
Tpflj fj.r)vus
Kal n-Xf
i w.
/$/.
Ibid.
2,
i,6:
tv
vTraiQpta.
Ibid.
2,
6,
16
:
e^
eToi/jiov.
Ibid.
2,
6,
23
_
fix
TO
peTii
p.e\i].
Ibid.
3, 5.
I^ :
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
29/208
A'EL'TEA'
ADJECTIl'KS
15
TO
(T(i)(f)pOl>T)TlKnv
Tt
KOt
(^pOVlfiOV
Kill TO
V
f$
p
I (T
T I
K
It
V T( KOI H
IT
f
t
p
It
K a X O
V.
Ibid.
3,
10,9:
rh
btoptva
(TKf'irijs.
Ibid.
4,
5.
6
:
TO
\t\pov
uvr\
TOV
fttXrio-
vos.
Ibid.
4,
5.
7
: *
rri Ttov
cot^f
\ovt>To>v
TH
/3
X (I
jj-Toy
TII.
Ibid.
4.
6,
15
;
8MI
TO)
/tciXtora
6/ioXoyov/i*
vitiv
iiroptvtro.
/foV/.
4,
7,
5:
7rr>XXo>/
KfXi'^a>i/.
Oec.
7.
8:
TO>V
^ifino-Ko/xfVcof.
//'/V
o'ffTTroo-uftoi'.
Hipparch.
4,
17:
a*
i
pivroi
Tto
l(T\vpoTt pu>
TO
dcrdt
vt
(TTf
pov
(sc.
Xf>'}) drjpuv.
R.
Kq.
7,
3:
'c
TOW
8(iiKu>v.
1,4:
vavriKuv
tKTT](TaTO.
1,6,6:
TO TToXfllOJ'
*E X X
tj
V
I
K
.
1,
13,
5:
TO
\flO~riKov.
I,
1
8,
I
: Vt
TroXi'.
I,
1
8,
I
: fi
f)
ri
TuyiiBt'iv.
4,
39:
nui>Tu>v
dcfropfjif)
TU>V
KuXau-
tvpicrKtrm,
4>
4
I: T
7r' '/>u>-
IJifVOV
.
.
.
ti(f>(VKTl'll>
(ITTIV.
4, 44:
TO
\VTTQVV
TT\V
f)
TO
O'wfoi'.
EUk.
Ale.
199:
f)
irnv
^i.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
30/208
16 GREEK
SYNTAX
Hec.
I2O:
TO ...
crbv
. . .
ayaOov.
Hel.
271
:
/zelfoi/
rfjs
dXrjddas
KOKOV.
Heracl.
57
1
:
r
')
s
Tf
v*}*
ev^v^j'as
|
TO:
TO
(raTip.((i}.
El.
333-
Xyd>
TTI
TOIS
Trapovcriv.
Ibid.
384:
eV
KaXw
(frpavf'tv.
O.C.77I:
TO
o-uyyeref
TOUT(O).
O.
T. IIO-I:
TO
8t
^r/rov
p,fvov
iiXcoTov,
epfvyei
5
Ta/n.fXou/xei/or'.
Ibid.
800:
TaX^^es-
e'^epw.
Ph.
446:
ovSev
TTCO
xaKov
y'
aTrooXfTo.
Ibid.
674~5
TO
...
i/oo~oi}v.
Ibid.
9'9
:
o *^
1
/caAcov.
Tr.
196:
TO
iroQovv.
Trach.
474:
TTUV croi
(p
TaX^^f's.
fr.
100 N
3
: TO
(caXcos
TTtfpvKos.
fr.
321
N' '
:
(frpovflv
. .
.
iv
Tfruf/>Xcoi/Tat
0pa8ai.
7V.
SIMON
ID.
C.
fr.
37,
13
:
TO
ye
Stivdv.
SAPPH.
fr.
51
:
dpdcravro
be
trd^Tvnv
eaXa
|
TW
ydfj.j3p(a.
Soi.OX,
fr.
4,
32
: KdKii TrXfio-Ta
Trd\d
8vofj.ia
napf^fi.
ALCAK.
fr.
35,
i
: Tr\iov
rjfjucrv
Travros.
Ibid.
91
:
aTfp
rr KaKuiv
Kru
ttTtp
^aXfTroio
TTOVOIO.
Ibid.
116-7:
f'o-$Xa
f)e
TTUVTCI
|
TO'KTIV
trfv. Theog.
28:
d.\rjd(n
yrjpvcracroai.
HoM. Od.
I,
f
1
40]
=4,
56
=
7,
1
76
=10,
[372] =15.
[139]
=17.95
:
irapfdvrtav.
1,274:
(m
o-(j)(Tfpn
triciSvaa-Oat.
1,428:
xtovii lov'ia.
2,
231
:
atcrtfia
fifiwr.
2,
369:
Vi
crolcrt
tcadrip-fvos.
3,
I
15
:
Trei/Taerff
yf
*cm
e'ufTff.
3,
I
l8 :
eivdfTfS.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
31/208
NEUTER
ADJECTIVES
17
3t
247
:
aXrjdf's. 3,
277
:
0'Xa
*t5oT*r.
4,460:
oXo03
IO:
a i
trip,
a 7rui/Tf.
14,
433:
ai8ov
tovrtav,
15,
88:
vfl
357
:
SovprivtKts.
I
I,
336:
aiT-
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
32/208
1 8
GREEK
SYNTAX
(frvydv
KOI
6a.
I,
112:
{SffiovXfVfifva
ecrrt.
I,
194:
old
re
,
et
saepe.
I,
207:
8/7X0,
et
saepe. 3,
6l :
ad.
COM.
4,
66l
:
dvoTjrd
y'
d
TOUT'
r/\6ts
fVtra^wi'
ffj.oi.
EUR. Ale.
218:
8rj\a
(bis).
Bacch.
1039:
a-vyyvuia-Tu.
Hec.
1107:
id.
H.
F.
583
:
8i'(Cflua
roi/f
TeKciiray
(subj.) a)(peXfZi/
TtKva
(obj.).
Hipp.
269:
vvp.ov
TOV
ejiavTov,
DEM.
3,
21
;
Tluit
namesake
of
mine.
TW
erw
6p.,
Pi,,\
TO,
Theuct.
147
D
;
Your
namesake.
DIN.
i,
107
(sec
above).
DEM.
3,
21
(see
above).
18,
47:
TO
C
irpo8i8avros
trvfjupiftnv.
18,
138:
TO
TT)S
TTdXfCOf
(TVfl(j>( f)l>lf.
I
8,
139
T) T^
V
f>
X^'
f'
)l
'
fVp.(f>f'p(>l>,
l)Ut
ll)ld.:
TTfpl
TO) '
(TV^.ff)(fX)VTU>V
Tl/
TTliXfl.
37>
'
To
^
StKOiOU
TOI^TOU.
[j^j'
~&
'
pCTU
TOV
(TVfJi-
(iiovTos
TOV
TU>V
tiavtiCTTiav.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
33/208
Xl'H.MA
A.\'D
III'AI'MA
19
IN.
3.
8O:
TOV
VflfTf'pOV
fTVfltytpOVTOS.
ISOC.
3.
24
'
Tots
firtTTj8fiots
Tuis
fp.o'is.
LVS.
[
2
J.
7
1
:
TOVS
irpofTiiKovrtis
fivTtav
(Xff'tv,
but
[2],
j6:
TOVS TOVTOIS
irpotTi)Kovras,
and
12.
7-
: T
r
,V
nuXd
trvfKpjpovTti.
12,
79:
irapa
. . .
TU>V
roirrovt
iTfav.
12,87:
TOVS
tri'vap^ovTas
UVTUV.
AND.
2,
9
:
Ttf ffitp
uifTXptp.
ANT.
5.
7:
TO)
i>fji(Ttpu>
oiKtiitf.
5,
iS:
Toly
tfio'is irpofrr'iKovfTiv,
but
5,
59:
PLATO,
Apol.
34
B
:
ol
TOVTU>V
irpoo-i'iKovTfs.
Cf.
Legg.
868 B
:
TO>V
irpotrrim'iv-
TU>V
TU>
T(X(VTl)O~tlVTl,
but
JUSt
bcl()W
'
TOVS
ITplXTIlKUVTtlS
TOll
TfXfVTIIfTUVTtlS.
Cf.
ibid.
868
C
: TO-
irpot
TIJS
yvwfjitjs.
5-4^'
'
*
v
/**
Tt*
T.
3, 6)
:
V7TO
TfjiV
ftl)VTOV
OIKT/IOTUTCOJ/.
AR.
Eq.
845:
aTtac-uiravras
TOVS
f'p.ovs
f%0povs (iri1>
f)
TtKOVO-
(llTl'lX\Vp.lU.
LI.
335:
O
T'
(KflVOV
TtKO)l>.
Hipp.
1OO7:
TO
fT(Ji)(ppOV
TOVfJUIV.
I.
A.
I2/O:
Ol/S 1 7T TO
Kfll/OV
ft
O
V-
On
the use
of
a Neuter
Adjective
as
the
Predicate of
a
Masculine
or
Feminine
Subject,
see
under
Concord,
126.
40.
XP^K*
anf
l
ifpaYjia.
XP'HH-
01
md
TrpaY^a
are
often
used
to
make
a
substantive
of an
adjective.
The
use of
xp'HH
101
aiu '
Trpayfta
resembles that
of
dvrfp.
Kov4>ov yap
xPTl
101
n
i
oiT
ni
js
t
PLATO,
Ion,
534
B;
A
post
is a
light
and
airy
thing.
ORATORKS
ATTICI:
xPVM
not in
DEM.,
LYS..
and
ANTIPMON.
DEM.
[35 - '5~^
:
AaicptTOS
p-f'yn
irpiiy(j.a,
'itroKpt'trovs
p.ndrjTijs.
PLATO,
Gorg.
485
B:
irtxpov
T'I
p.oi
SoKt't
\pr]p.a
tlvai.
Ion.
534
B
(see
above).
XKN.
Cyr.
I,
4,
8:
KnTdftdXXd
T>}II
(Xufyov,
Kii\t>v
Tt
xpf)p,a
Km
ptya.
lll>T.
3>
53'
Tvpnvvis
xprmu
v.
5-
9^'
^
av
XP
J
W
l
'
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
34/208
GREEK
SYNTAX
SOPH.
Ai.
288: TJ
AESCHVL.
Cho.
10:
ri
PlND.
O.
9,
104:
4i.
ABSTRACT
NOUN USED AS
A
CONCRETE.
Akin to
the use of
an
adjective
as
a
substantive is the
employment
of
an
abstract as
a
con-
crete.
So
aKoXovdta,
train,
Ka.Ti}tpf.n]
,
woQoi;,
O.TT],
*
/3fof,
livelihood,
KioKiifia,
ytXwc,
laughing-stock,
yii'td,
kindred
{QI
kinsman.
yfi'SfTif,
fiiivifjia, Tip.cu,
yoi'og,
fit/Tic, Tpotpi'i,
SovXiia,
p-iaapa,
r[3pt(?p.a,
tXty\(a,
si'yys
I'tia,
vTrt]pttjia,
iratpla,
v
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
35/208
PLURAL
OF
ABSTRACTS
2\
HOT.
I,
31
:
TOVTOHTI
...
/3
tor
rf
apnia>v \nrr}v,
They
had
substance
enough.
AR.
Nub.
447
:
irtpiTpiftita
8iKo>v.
EUR.
Phoen.
3 '
:
9
8
TOV
'/ioi>
ai>
iruvov
\
patrrols
vfalro. [Rhes.]
498-9:
terrt
8
atfj.v\u>TaTOf
\ Kpdrtjp.'
'O8v(rcrtvs.
fr.
530:
KvirptSos
8(
p.i(rrj-
/i(a),
Cf.
She
is
my
pet aversion.
SOPH.
Ant.
650:
^vxpov
nap^u.
What
we
call abstract formations
are
largely
feminine and
neuter,
feminine
collec-
tives,
neuter
collectives:
the
feminine
goes
back
to
personification
(the
mother
gender),
the
neuter
to
result
(fruit),
mass.
42.
PLURAL
OF
ABSTRACT
SUBSTANTIVES
USED
DISTRIBU-
TIVELY.
Iii
Greek,
the
plural
of
abstract substantives
is
used
distributively
with far
more freedom
than
in
modern
English.
In Old
English
compare
Lete us
two
preue
oure
strengtkes
Morte
d'Arthur,
193,
22,
and
similarly
elsewhere.
oviS'
airc'j3Xc\j/cv
(sc.
6
Sfjfios)
U ras
cvaias
ras
TOUTUV,
DKM.
21,2;
The
com-
mons
had no
regard
to
their
substance
{property).
iro\Awv
-y*P
ra
(i^pii
rov
aSc\ov
airoo-rtpci,
36,
36
;
He
deprives
his
brother
of
Jus
s/tart\s)
in
many
things.
DEM.
21,
2
(see
above).
30,
21
:
v
KOI
6vyarfpu>v
ftlovs
iyx/
TUS
d{rv.
3-
'
5
T(
'
J
lororijraf
rots
fJ.(T(-)(0\J(Tl
TUIV TToXtTfltOI/
r)TOV/zatj.
Hell.
6,
1,5:
TUIV
r/Xixuitr.
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
36/208
22
GREEK
SYNTAX
THUG.
7.
55-
2
Afcrt
*a
'
pav?
Kni
tTTTrou?
Kal
fjLfyfdri
e^ovcrair.
HDT.
I,
2O2;
2,
lo:
p.fyudfa.
3,
102:
fj.vp/j.r)Kfs
p.fydd(a
f^ovrts
KVVU>V
pfv
(Xdcrtrova,
dX&>7rfKa>i>
5e
pe'^wa.
3>
107
:
peyu$fa.
6,
58:
TGOI/
-yap
MI/
/3ap/3a-
pa>i
>
ot
TrAftWy
TO>
aura)
yo/xw
^ptwvrai
KOTO.
TOIIS
davdrovs TUIV
ftav,
At
the
death
of
their
kings.
7,
103
:
p-tyddta.
AR. PI.
53^*
'
ipaTi-utv
ficnrrtav
Bairdvais.
EUR.
Phoen.
870:
at
ff
a(^ara)7roi
Sfpy/zarcoi/ 8iapa.Ki
dvej3aivov,
but
ibid,
just
below:
\^iAoi
XXot
.
.
. vv
Sopariotj
f^copow.
4-4-
2:
TOI/
7rr/\oi>
.
. .
ewe
roO
j/coroi;
((fofpov, TJiey
car-
ried
the
clay
upon
their
backs.
6,
44,
2
:
dyopa
ovSe
iioret,
i;8art
8e >cal
oppw.
8,
96,
5
:
St(i
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
37/208
DH'ERGEXT
PLURAL
EXPRESSIONS
23
45.
Plural
of
Abstract
Nouns
:
DEM.
[26],
19:
8111
TIIS
rovroif
iiirovoias.
38.
21
:
(f>ovm
Ka\ v
t
-ipnt,
.}fur-
ders
and
outrages.
[4-]-
8:
irtpl
Tv
aKovi
tn
f%ti
(sc.
T
\f\6ivTu)
viro^flus
Kal
dvriXafius.
XKN. Hell.
6,
3.
8:
fotKart
rvpnvvitri
p.u\\ov
//
TroXtrrtat;
j/^il/iffoi.
THUC.
6,
77-
'
Afo/'rii/a) / T
^vyytvUiv
KiiToiKitrf
i
y
Kca;
. .
.
(IKOITI
TT/JOT T//
(overt).
AK.
Av.
55^~9-
T(
'
u
'
AXx/i^var
.
. .
r
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
38/208
24
GREEK
SYNTAX
tions.
irvpol,
ivJicat
(grains),
icpi9ai,
barley
(corns),
Kpe'a
(pieces
of)
meat,
SXs
(grains
of)
salt.
ijuXa,
irvpovs,
DEM.
19,
145; }Vood,
wheat.
DEM.
19.
145
(see
above).
19,
189:
TTOV
8'
oXfj;
19,
191
:
TOVS
iiXas.
PLATO,
Conv.
217
D
:
SieXeyo/^j/
irappat
riav
vvxTtov,
Till
late in
the
night
(watches).
Prot.
318
E:
XoytT^oi/s (computations)
re KCU
aa-rpwo-
Huiv
.
. .
8i8ii(rKoi>Tfs.
Rpb.
37-C:
a\as. Ibtd.()2.l
B-
fj.((ras
VVKT as
y(ve(r6ai
(SO
regularly
piaai
VVKTCS).
X.KN. An.
6,
4>
6:
Kpidas
Kal
Trvpovs
.
. .
KOI
fj.{\ivas
Kal
(Trj(rap.a
KTC.
Cyr.
2,
2,
2
:
Kpea
. .
.
Tpia.
Hell.
3, 3,
7
:
v\a.
THUG.
4.
1
6,
I
:
8vo
xoiviKas
.
. .
dX^/rwj/.
6,
22:
Trvpovs
KCU
nf
87,
I
:
ot
.
.
.
17X101
(ffcat
of
the sun
on
successive
days).
HlJT.
4,
8:
UTTO
f]Xiov
di/aToXewv,
and
SO
dvaroXai
elsewhere.
7,
30:
\ifj.vrji'
(K
Ttjs
(IX
es
yivovrat.
AR.
Pax,
192:
ro
Kpfa
TCIVT'I,
and
Kpe'a
very
often
in
Aristophanes.
Av.
622
:
Kpidds,
Trvpovs.
Ibid.
626
:
Trvpovs
oXiyovs.
EUR.
Cycl.
122
:
yaXa/cri
Kal
Tvpolfri
(sc.
^coo-i).
El.
652:
rj\iovs,days.
SOPH.
Tr.
1053-4:
('K
fj.fv
e'tr^aras
|
/3f/3/ja)ce
criipKas.
AESCHYI,.
Eum.
254:
oa-fif]
jSporfimv
al^aruiv.
PlND.fr.
168
Bgk.
4
:
aapKaiv
.
. .
Ivoirav.
HOM.
Od.
4,
604:
TTupo/,
and forms of
TTU/JOI
elsewhere.
9,
219
and
225
:
Tvpaiv.
II,
123
and
23,
270:
dXecrtri,
but
17,
455
^
/
*
lv
^' (
'^
a
8oirjs.
18,
77:
(T
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
39/208
PLURAL
FOR
SINGULAR
25
THUG.
I,
31,
3:
(t TUS
'\6ijvas.
2,8,
I
:
tv
rals
'.\0i')vais.
Hl)T.
1
,60:
'\0f)vat.
AK. Nub.
207
:
atfo
p.tt>
'\6qvai.
EUR.
I.
T. 1087
:
fit
rat
\\di
t
vns.
SOPH.
O.
C.
107-8:
i . . .
'A0>ai.
AESCHYL. Pers.
231
:
ras
'\d ]vas.
PlNO.
P.
7,
I
:
ni
^fyi'
itpdatv.
Ho.M.
Od.
II,
323:
\\6r)vdvv
i(pda>i>.
II.
2,
546
:
Atfr/i/flj
tt^ov.
50.
Parts
of
the
Human
Body
:
PLATO,
Prot.
352
A:
Wi
81]
pm
(iTroKaXv^ns
Kal
ra
ari^r;
ois,
Time.
I,
112.
5;
And
having
niiidc themselves
masters
of
the
sane/nary
at
/V/////
{amiig
the
Delphian*},
they
handed
it
wer
/ t/ie
Delphian*.
DEM.
19,
65:
fiv
AfX(^)ouv.
21.
51
:
f
'
K
A\(^>WI/
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
40/208
26
GREEK
SYNTAX
IsOC.
9,
2/
:
6f\s
fls
SdXov?
rfjs
PLATO,
Legg.
738
C:
e'
AeXcp&Jj/
^
AcoScoi'T;?,
and
similarly
forms
of
AeXcpot
often.
XEX. An.
I,
2,
24:
eV
SoXoiy
/cm eV
'lacrols.
I, 2,
26:
TV/I/
re TrdXtv
roi>?
Taptroiiy
8ir]piracra.v.
3,
I,
5
:
eX&Jwa
ft?
AeXcpovy,
and
similarly
forms
of
AeXw
elsewhere.
THUC.
i,
112,
5
(see
above).
6,
3, 3
:
Aeoi/riVovs.
HDT.
i,
14:
eV
AeX(pouj,
and
similarly
often.
52.
PLURALIS
MAIESTATIS.
The
use
of
the
plural
often
gives
the
idea of
fulness
(oy/cos);
cf.
AK.
Rhet.
3,
6,
Ps.
-
Longin.
23;
hence
it
is
often
used
in
poetry,
e.
g.
86p.oi,
apartments
;
peyapa,
halls
;
yd/j-oi,
nuptial
rites
;
Tav
avrov.
HDT.
3,
IO
;
f
Tc'ifprj
(v
Tr/tri
Ta(pi]
(Ti
.
. .
TUS
avTos
oiKoSo/j.rja'aTO.
5'
63
'
Ta(j)aL.
AK. Ach.
450: dirv
(parod.).
456:
Sd/xcoj/ (parod.).
Vesp.
IO26:
TraiSi'x'
(avrov.
Pax,
I2o6: crm . .
.
fls TOVS
ydpovs.
Av.
132:
eVnai/
ydfiovs.
Ran.
423:
ev
ra'is
Ta(pui(ri (parod.).
EUR.
Hipp.
II
:
'iTrTrdXuros',
ayvov
Ylirdiws TrniS
t
iip.ara.
Ion,
192:
XP
V
~
crocus
apTTtus.
Or.
1053:
fj.i>rjfj,a
. . .
K(8pov
T(
-^VIKT
para.
SOPH.
Ai.
231
: Kf^atixns
i(pf(rii>.
Ibid.
1090
and
1109:
fls
rcKpi'is,
tomb.
O.
R.
825:
ydpois,
and sim. elsewhere. Ibid.
861 :
uo/ifi/
t\
ftunovs.
Ibid.
1006: o-oi;
TT/JOS-
fid/ious
f\6t>vTos.
So
Sd/xoi
and
forms
very
often.
Ph.
35-6:
AESCHYL.
Ag.
1265
:
o-K^Trrpn.
P.
V.
909-10:
fovf
vcriv
Kicropos
wpfavofjuti.
Hec.
4
02
~3
:
*'
tri>
Trai
\afpTiov,
| ^(iXa
TOKtixrtv
(SC.
*Eai,3//)
fucurco?
dufJuivfjLtvtuy.
I.
A.
1015:
iKfTtv
fKftvov
TrpTa
fj.1)
KTfivtiv
T
(
K
v
d
(so.
l(piyt'vfiav).
SOPH.
O. T.
I
184-5 Tifanrp-at
. .
vv
ols
(SC.
TJJ
fj.rjrpi)
r
|
ov
xpijv
o/iiXcov
OVS
(SC.
TOV
naT(pa)
T(
fJ.'
OVK
(8(1
KT(ltHj)l>.
PlND.
P.
3i
66: (o~Xolo~i.
irapao'xdv
dvftpdcriv
(SC.
'if'pcavi).
54.
FIRST
PERSON
PLURAL FOR
THE
FIRST PERSON
SINGULAR.
The
use
of
the first
person
plural
for
the
first
person singular
is
due
to
modesty,
which
readily
becomes
affectation. The
particular
is
sunk in
the
generic,
the
individual
in
the
class,
the
woman
in
her
male
kindred.
It
occurs less
frequently
in
Greek
than in
the more
rhetorical
Latin.
ISOC.
[l],
II :
(TTtXtTToi
8
av
fjfMas
o
iras
xpovos,
(i
irafj.((rdii
|
Tlvdiq
\^f)(^)to
KpHTr/ddtr',
tuSoTOS
8(
yiyvofuu.
I. A.
823-4
(see
55)-
Ibid.
1025-6:
f]i>
8'
av
TI
p.f) irpua-(Tv
yd>
6i\o>
(Klytaemestra),
|
nov
o-'
avdis
o\/fd/if
a-da
;
(to
Achilles).
Med.
314
-3i
5
(see ss).
SOPH.
Ant.
926
(see
55).
El.
399
(//;/>/.).
Tr.
491-2
(ibid.}.
PIND.
See
com
m. on
P.
4.
27.
HOM. Od. 1
6,
44~5
'
*l~i
liv
'
fjl*fis
8(
Ka\ oAXo^t
8ijop.(v
(ftprjv |
.
II.
3.
44O- Ibid.
13.
257~8:
rd
vv
ytip
KaTiap.(i>,
np\v
(^((TKOV,
|
dcnri8a
^rjicfxt^oio
fi
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
42/208
28
GREEK
SYNTAX
to
sing,
and fem.
sing,
attribute.)
Cf.
I. A.
823-4:
ov
Bav^a
tr'
17 pas
(Kly-
taemestra)
dyvotlv,
ois
p.rj Trdpos
\
TrpocriJKfs.
Med.
3
I
4~5
Ka
'
y P
^StK^/ae-
v
01
(SC.
Medea)
|
criyrjcr6p.fcr6a,
KpfLcrcrdvcov viKutfitvoi.
SoPH.
Ant.
926
:
TradovTf
s
tiv
vyyi>olp,fv
(SC.
Antigone)
^apr^KoTes,
(Only)
wJicn I have
met
my
doom,
shall I awake to
consciousness
of
sin.
El.
399: Trecrovfjif
0'
(SC. Electra),
ei
XP'h
7m
r
p'
rt^iiopoy/xe
i>ot,
I'll
fall,
if
fall
I
must,
avenger
to
my
father.
Tr.
491-2:
KOVTOI
vdaov
y
eVaKToj/
t^apov-
|
dtolcri
dvcrpaxovv
res
(SC.
Delaneira).
56.
SINGULAR
IN
A
COLLECTIVE
SENSE.
The
singular
is
sometimes
used
in a
collective
sense.
s,
vinc(yard)
;
ap-yvpos,
silver-plate )
;
TJ
iirirosi
cavalry
;
^
Kap.t]\os
(HDT.),
camelry,
etc.
LVCURG.
79-
Tp'
a
yap
fcmv
e^
(W
r/
TroXtreia
a-vvfarrjKf
v,
6
ap\a>v,
6
81-
K(l
3-
T
'-
/
iroXep-iov
dfivortpov eo(j.fv.
4,
90,
2:
a/iTreXoi/
KOTTToi/rey
.
. . (cat
A/$ot>?
fi'/Lta
(cat
Tv\ivdov
.
. .
KadaipovvTfs.
5,
IO,
9:
)J
XaA(Ctt(o)
tTTTTOS.
6,
24.
3
^*
TTO\VS
OfjLl\OS
(Cat
(TTpllTlddTT]
S.
HDT.
i,
80:
rrj
8f
Kap,i]\a>
twea-dtu.
i,
174
:
7roXX
4
^
^ftpi
(sim.
elsewhere).
5,
30:
o(cra*ct(r^tXi';7i>
auTTt'Sa.
7>
'93
r
Kvp.a.
8,
113:
T/)I/
tmrov
rip
^tXt'r;i'
.
.
.
TJJl/
(lX\T]l>
ITT7TOV.
AR.
Ran.
1466:
6
diKna-Trjs.
EUR.
Heracl.
275-6
:
7roXX;)i/
. . .
alxf-^v.
Ibid.
337
:
TroXX?/
.
. .
x
f
'P'-
/^V/.
1035:
x
f
P''
Med.
86:
TTUS
TIS
avruv
TOV
it(\as
(/i
is
neighbor}
/xaXXoi/
0tXei
(as
in
English).
Plioen.
78:
TroXX^j/
. .
.
o-7ri'8().
//;/V/.
441-2
:
pvpiav
liyutv
I
Xoy^^i>.
fr.
243
N
2
:
oXtyov
akxifjiov
86pv.
SOPH.
O.
C.
1251
:
Si'tKpvov.
AKSCHVL.
fr.
304,
7
N
2
:
o-ra^vy
(sim.
elsewhere in
tragedy).
PlN'D.
O.
7.
'9
:
'Apye/a
o-uj/
al\fia..
IIoM.
()d.
i,
162
:
(cC'/ia.
II.
4,
422
:
(cCyxa,
and
sim.
elsewhere.
In
5,
490:
VVKTHS
rt
Km
^ap,
and
elsewhere,
vP'P
'
s an
adverbial
expression.
16,
n :
fi(i(c/)i;oi/
(more
than
one
tear
is
shed,
as
is shown
by
8uKpva
Otpfia
\iu>v
u>s
re
Kpi]v>] fj.t\dw8pos,
v.
3),
and
sim.
SaKpvov
elsewhere
in II. and ()d.
57.
Those
Nations
whose
names
are thus used
are
chiefly
barbaric
despotisms
( as
one
man ):
6
Ilc'pcrr)?,
tJic
Persian;
6
AvSos,
the
Lyitian( \\\v
Ilivite and
the
Hittite );
6
MaKcSiiv
(DEM.
in
con-
8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek
43/208
SJ.\'CL'LA/l
J-'OK
PLURAL
29
tempt).
Thucydides,
however,
6
'Aerjvaios,
the
Athenian;
6
ZvpaKo-
o-tos,
the
Syracnsan.
DEM.
I,
23*
T(II
ye
llaiova
Km
TUV
'l\\vputv.
THUG.
1,69,
5:
Tii>
Tf
Recommended