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Geothermal drilling and well research – experience and perspectives from Norwegian oil&gasErlend Randeberg, IRIS, Norway
13 June 2016
Outline of presentation
› About IRIS – background
› Geothermal as a new area
› The NEXT-Drill project
› IRIS contribution in GeoWell
› Project development within geothermal drilling and well
13 June 2016
More than 40 years of Research and Development
› IRIS is a client-oriented research institute and presents an all-round and productive research environment within ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT (Marine/Biology) and SOCIAL SCIENCE
› Our objective is to carry out research and development, and
distribution of knowledge for trade, industry and public sector
activities, nationally and internationally
› Ca. 200 employees, from 23 different countries, 92 PhDs
› Main office in Stavanger, Norway
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Photo: Elisabeth Tønnessen / IRIS
IRIS Energy – main areas
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Drilling & well technology Reservoir technology
Research facilities Green technologies
4
Reservoir technology – overview
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Systems for mobility control for
water injection
Rock-fluid interactions
Simulator development
Field studies
History matching & production
optimization
5
Drilling and well technology – overview
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Quantitative risk assessment
New drilling concepts & equipment
Well modelling
Automated drilling
6
Drilling & well technology – success stories
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Badger Explorer ASASigmund StokkaIRIS
Se http://www.osloaxess.no/
BlowFlowDrillTronicsautomated drilling system
Research facilities – drilling and well technology
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Full-size offshore type drilling rig HPHT lab
Sand screen lab
Virtual Rig
Ullrigg Drilling and Well Centre
› Built in 1984, continuously modified
› Supporting research programs, technology
development and testing requirements
› Full-scale offshore type drilling rig
› Seven wells accessible
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Facilities: Virtual Rig
› Real Time Well Modelling
› Simulation for training and certification
› Research and development of new equipment and drilling concepts
› Experiments with automation of the drilling process
› Development and verification of procedures for new work processes and software
› Research and design of man-machine interface
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Experience: Risk-based approach for drilling and well
› Statistical approach, experience-based
› Decision-support in drilling planning and operational phase
› Cost estimation tool for well construction planning phase
› Software tools for risk of kicks, blowout modelling, etc.
› Reliability analysis of downhole safety valves etc.
1213 June 2016
Experience: Modelling of the drilling process
› Physical representation of the drilling process
› Flow, drillstring dynamics, cuttings transport, wellbore stability…
› Optimal choice of operational parameters: WOB, RPM, flow…
› Available measurements and need for improved instrumentation
› Major topic at IRIS – some key projects:
• Drilltronics: Automated drilling program
• Drillscene: Drilling monitoring and visualisation program
• Virtual Rig: Drilling simulator
• Autofluid: Drillig fluid and cuttings transport modelling
1313 June 2016
Experience: Drilling and Well Instrumentation
› Topside and downhole instrumentation
› Flow loop instrumentation and testing
› Full-scale tests at Ullrigg
› Development of drilling models based on wired pipe solutions
› Distributed Sensing (DTS/DAS) for downhole production optimization
14
Source: SPE 149602
13 June 2016
Experience: Extended reach, new drilling concepts
“Hole in One Producer”
› Casing/liner drilling concept requiring step change in bit durability
› Energy at the bit – understanding what is needed to break rock
› Novel circulation and traction system
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Geothermal energy as a new niche
› Norwegian R&D and industry: Experience within drilling, well and reservoir
› (Deep) geothermal is geographically limited – new technology is needed for large-scale heat extraction
› Oil & gas vs. geothermal – similarities and differences
› Great opportunity for technology transfer
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Geothermal vs. oil & gas
› Geothermal projects are similar to oil & gas:
1. Drilling
2. Completion
3. Maintenance/ intervention (production)
4. Plugging and abandonment
› Technology transfer (oil & gas vs. geothermal)?
• Different incentives for cost reduction
• Shared markets yield high costs (compete for rigs, crew etc.)
• Geothermal as first mover?
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IRIS’ approach to geothermal so far
› Geothermal identified as a “new energy” area
› Involved in research networks and initiatives
• European Energy Research Arena – Joint Program on Geothermal Energy (EERA-JPGE)
• Norwegian Centre for Geothermal Energy (CGER)
› NEXT-Drill project – Deep Hard Rock Drilling
› H2020 project GeoWell – Risk assessment
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NEXT-Drill project background
› NEXT-Drill: Numerical-EXperimental Technology platforms for cost effective deep hard rock Drilling
› Objectives:
1. Identify technology gaps and knowledge needs for reducing drilling costs in hard rock
2. Improved understanding of hard rock fracturing and interaction between drillbits and rock
3. Develop a numerical and experimental framework that will enable industrial design of the next-generation drill tools
› Main motivation: Drilling cost
• Well construction 30-75 % of total geothermal cost
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NEXT-Drill partners
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R&D Team
Public funding (75% Research Council of Norway)
Industry partners
International collaborationMines ParisTech; France
TUT; Finland
TU Clausthal; Germany
University of Minnesota, University of Purdue; USA
Rate of penetration for percussive drilling
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Rock Meso-models
(FEM, SPH)
Rock material
Characterization of behaviour: effect
of pressure, temperature, rate,
fracture…
Macro-models
Analytical/numerical
predictions:
parametrical study
ROP = f(frequency, WOB,
RPM, pressure,…)
Tool/rock interaction
Characterization of bit/rock interaction laws:
effect of repetition, indexation, cleaning,
impact energy, rate, pressure…
EXPERIMENTS SIMULATIONS
Dynamic systems
Middle- and full-scale: assess the performance of
percussive system in terms of ROP and BRI
Tool/Rock Meso-
models
Validation and extension out
of laboratory ranges
Drillbit life – Methodology and approach
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Atomistic modelling
DFT: Energy of interface
separation
Microstructure
characterization
SEM and EBSD observations, nano-
indentation, micro in-situ tests
Continuum material & Structural
Modelling
Damage models
Mechanical and
wear properties
EXPERIMENTS SIMULATIONS
Full-scale (in field)
Drill-bit life assessment
Modelling of microstructureMesh generation
2D 3D
(from picture) (idealized)
Local field information
(degradation
mechanisms)
Virtual tests of macroscopic response
NEXT-Drill: Hard Rock Drilling Workshops
Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2012
Focus: Drilling Technologies/ConceptsHard Rock Drilling workshop, Nov. 2013
Focus: Bit Materials/Tools Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2014
Focus: Geothermal Drilling Practice Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2015
Focus: Perspectives and Outlook
13 June 2016
Technology roadmap – Focus
› Mature technologies
• Deep drilling in soft formations
• Shallow drilling in hard rock
› Drilling case
• Hard rock (~200 MPa)
• Deep drilling (> 1000 m)
• Harsh environments: High pressure and temperature
› Rock breaking is the single most important factor
• Low penetration rates
• Equipment wear and failure
› Fundamental concerns of rock breaking process:
• How energy is transferred to the rock (breaking the rock)
• Controlling secondary effects (bit wear, drillstring dynamics)
• Cuttings removal
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Routes to improvement, short term
1. Percussive drilling for deeper wells
2. Rotary drilling for increasingly harder rocks
› PDC bits: a step change in drilling performance and cost per distance drilled, compared to roller cone bits
› Improving performance can be expected to give gradual cost reductions
› Changing technology, e.g. to percussive drilling, may potentially be step changing
13 June 2016
Routes to improvement, long term
› Development of “unproven” methods
• E.g. thermal based methods (laser, microwaves, chemical reactions, electric sparks etc.)
• Technology readiness level is low
• Depth is a challenge, e.g. power supply, high pressure
› Development of electrical power from surface to downhole
• Efficiency and robustness
• Powering and direct control of drilling tool
• Traction
• High bandwidth communication (wired pipe)
› EGC 2016 paper for more on this
• “Technology Roadmap for Geothermal Hard Rock Drilling”
13 June 2016
The GeoWell project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654497
GeoWell: IRIS contributionInnovative materials and designs for long-life high-temperature geothermal wells
GeoWell: WP6 Risk assessment for geothermal wells
• Development of risk and reliability analysis tools for geothermal wells
• Raise the standard of risk analysis tools for geothermal wells (based on that of oil and gas wells)
• Propose a risk management framework• Protocols, standards (ref. NORSOK)
• Evaluate and manage the risk introduced by new materials and tools developed in WP3 and WP4
• Failure modes, “qualification”
Drilling Completion Production Maintenance P&A
Oil & gas wells
Geothermal wells
Risk assessment methods for well integrity
Risk assessment methods for well integrity
New methods for very high temperatures?
Approach
Objectives for risk assessment WP
• Status of risk assessment for geothermal wells
• Transfer risk assessment methods from the oil & gas domain
• Risk assessment methods for high temperature phenomena in geothermal wells
• Propose improvements for European regulations & standards
• Risk and reliability analysis of the new materials and methods developed in the project
IRIS is aiming for additional H2020 projects
Relevant background
› Practical drilling and well challenges, e.g. cementation, circulation system, new drilling concepts
› Drilling modelling – circulation, pressure, temperature, drillstring… Based on physical models and data gathering
› Hard rock drilling
› New drilling concepts in a real environment
› Challenges associated with “extreme” oil & gas wells –HPHT, extended reach, multilaterals…
› Risk analysis relevant for drilling and well
IRIS strategy related to geothermal
› Natural extension of present drilling and well experience
› Technology transfer from oil & gas to geothermal
› Investigation and testing of new drilling concepts
3113 June 2016
Summary and conclusions
› Accessing the geothermal energy is a major challenge (cost issue)
› The Norwegian oil & gas drilling expertise gives us a benefit
› Close collaboration with drilling industry
› From petroleum to geothermal well construction – similarities and differences
› IRIS wants to contribute in the geothermal community
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Thank you for your attention!
erlend.randeberg@iris.no
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