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Geospatial Intelligence
Applications in Law Enforcement Analysis
Gregory Thomas
Law Enforcement Analysis Supports
Crime Prevention
Shows patterns of criminal incidents. Forecasts community threats. Assists in the effective deployment of patrol. Supports community policing efforts.
Crime Mapping
The process of using a geographic information system to conduct spatial analysis of crime problems and other police-related issues.
Facilitates visual and statistical analyses of crime.Allows linkage based on common variables.Helps to communicate results of analysis.
(Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping, R. Boba, 2005, pp. 37-38)
Environmental Criminology Rational Choice Theory
Choices made based on opportunities and rewards. Crime Pattern Theory
Crimes occur where offender’s space overlaps w/victim’s. Routine Activity Theory
Opportunities change based on changes in behavior. Environmental Design Theory
Identify and alter geographical characteristics that contribute to criminal predation.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Defensible Space, O. Newman, 1972)
(See also: R. Boba, 2005; T. Baker, 2005)
Geographic Distribution Analysis
Occurrence of activity over a particular geographic area.
Plot events and summarize what it depicts.Map depicting the flow of activities or services
from one location to another.Illustrates flow chart on a map.
Geographic Flow ChartCocaine Flow to the United States
Source: ONDCP, Annual Assessment of Cocaine Movement.
Spatial Pattern Analysis
Analyze and correlate data sources.Create snapshot of crime incidents and
related factors within a geographical area. Look for patterns:
Locations Distances Direction Hot spots
Geographic Distribution Analysis Crime Mapping
Crime Data Includes:
Crime IncidentsArrestsCalls for ServiceAccidents
• Philadelphia Police Department Crime Mapshttp://citymaps.phila.gov/CrimeMap/StepByStep.aspx
Sex Offenders – Child AbductionsNational Sex Offender Registryhttp://www.familywatchdog.us/
Motor Vehicle Theft
OnStarStolen Vehicle Slowdown http://www.onstar.com/web/portal/securityexplore
LowjackStolen Vehicle Recovery System http://police.lojack.com/pages/law-enforcement.aspx
• Vehicle Theft Hot Spots
Travel of Suspects
Cell phone towersThe snitch in your pocket, Newsweek(http://www.newsweek.com/2010/02/18/the-snitch-in-your-pocket.html)
Road tollsPurchase receipts
1/13/091231 hrs
1/13/091301 hrs
1/13/091329 hrs
1/13/091413 hrs
Operational Information
SurveillanceRaidsPre-op plansGunshot
detectionsystems
Targetlocation
On-line Resources/Reading
National Institute of JusticeMapping and Analysis for Public Safety
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/maps/
Introductory Guide to Crime Analysis and Mappinghttp://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/Publications/introguidecrimeanalysismapping.pdf
Manual of Crime Analysis Map Productionhttp://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/manualcrimeanalysismapprod.pdf
Other References
R. Boba, 2005, Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping.
T. Baker, 2005, Introductory Criminal Analysis.
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