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Complejidad Dia 8
Ecología
Biología
Psicologia Meteorología
MacroEconomía Geofisica
UBA, Junio 21, 2012.
1era parte Generalidades de brain imaging Brain imaging for hackers
2da Parte Fisica y fisiología de la señal BOLD.
Brain imaging: whole brain
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MRI estructural (MRI) Funcional MRI (fMRI) Functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI)
Computed tomography (CT) Positron emission tomography (PET) EEG, MEG, SPECT, DTI,…etc
‣ Essential in clinical care. ‣ Radiologists perform
qualitative “lightbox” reads.
‣ Most psychiatric and neurological disorders are invisible to reading radiologists.
MRI estructural
Brain volume declines with age
Marcus et al., 2007
• fMRI: where and when (in response). • rfMRI: at “rest” • fcMRI: functional
connectivity
Functional MRI “f MRI”
fMRI
Algo de lo que se viene en Tecnologias emergentes
Amazon.com
1. Patient visits doctor. Doctor orders fcMRI.
2. fcMRI brain scan.
3. Quantitative analysis 4. Doctor
receives report.
5. Doctor makes dx. and plans treatment.
Quantitative report provides diagnostic measures, guides treatment, assesses response.
Tecnologias Emergentes: quantitative neuroradiology India,
Rafaela, Los Angeles
Tecnologias Emergentes: digital lab “on the clouds”
Input: Raw MRI scans
Output: Quantitative
reports
Amazon.com http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
Aun mas: Tecnologias Emergentes: Patient-driven care
Microsoft HealthVault
Google Health (prototype)
Otro ejemplo: Tecnologias Emergentes: patient-driven care
Habrá algo, alguna vez, realmente nuevo?
Veber den Kreislauf des Blutes in Menschlichen Gehirn (Concerning the circulation of the blood in the human brain) Verlag von Viet & Company: Leipzig, 1881
La primera coneccion entre flujo sanguineo y actividad mental
Angelo Mosso
Inventor del primer ergografo para medir la fuerza muscular
Resting quietly
Forearm
Brain
Arrow: room clock strikes 12 noon and of church bells heard
Brain
Forearm
Arrow: Mosso asked Bertino if the Ave Maria should have been said
Brain
Forearm
“What is 8 x 12?” ω: response
Brain
Forearm
Monday noon, September 23, 1878
From: Angelo Mosso (1881)
Brain imaging for hackers*
Get yourself some brain images Get yourself some brain analysis tools Discover something, invent something
*From : Daniel Marcus, PhD Director, Neuroinformatics Research Group @ Washington University School of Medicine
Get your own brain scanned
Buy a scanner and install it in your basement
Get your own brain scanned
Buy a scanner and install it in your basement Inflict severe brain injury
Get your own brain scanned
Buy a scanner and install it in your basement Inflict severe brain injury Volunteer for a study
Contact local research centers Ask for your scans (“I’ve brought a blank CD with
me. Will you please copy the DICOM files of my scans onto it?”)
Use open access data
Neuron: Neuron Database @ Yale Sense Lab Gene expression: Allen Brain Atlas Structural MRI: Open Access Structural Imaging Series
(OASIS), mBIRN Data Repository Functional MRI: fMRI Data Center, fBIRN Data
Repository Functional connectivity MRI: Brainscape
oasis-brains.org
brainscape.org
Neuron Network Whole brain
Genesis Neuron
Slicer, Caret, AFNI, Freesurfer, SPM, FSL, ImageJ
Get yourself some tools
See also NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/)
Some unsolved problems
Automated brain extraction How many networks are in the brain Methods for distinguishing differences between populations Predicting disease and aptitude Data sharing Individual differences in performance (“gifted”, “savant”) Neuroethics “Deidentifying” images Bridging the spatial divide Security and privacy Data mining
Start hacking.
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