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Presentation on The Architect Geoffrey Bawa
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GEOFFREY MANNING BAWA
RUBINA SHAUKAT 10031AC025
KIRTI JALAN 10031AC015
GEOFFREY MANNING BAWA Date of birth :July 23, 1919 Place of birth: Colombo Education and Career 1930-37:studied at Royal College, Colombo 1938-41:studied English at Cambridge 1942-44:studied Law in London 1946:worked briefly as a lawyer with Noel
Gratien 1951:worked as an assistant architect with HH
Reid at Edwards Reid and Begg in Prince Street, Colombo
1950-53:worked sporadically as a lawyer in Colombo
1954-57:studied at the Architectural Association in London
1957:joined Edwards Reid and Begg as a junior partner 1958-65:worked in close association with Ulrik Plesne
1967-89:partner with Dr. K. Poologasundram in Edwards Reid Begg
1990-97:partner in Geoffrey Bawa Associates(after 1995 with Channa Daswatte)
AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS Pan Pacific Citation, Hawaii Chapter of the American
Institute of Architects (1967) President, Sri Lanka Institute of Architects (1969) Inaugural Gold Medal at the Silver Jubilee Celebration
of the Sri Lanka Institute of Architects (1982) Heritage Award of Recognition, for “Outstanding
Architectural Design in the Tradition of Local Vernacular Architecture”, for the new Parliamentary Complex at Sri Jayawardenepura, Kotte from the Pacific Area Travel Association. (1983)
Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects Elected Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of
Architects (1983) Conferred title of Vidya Jothi (Light of Science) in the
Inaugural Honours List of the President of Sri Lanka (1985)
Teaching Fellowship at the Aga Khan Programme for Architecture, at MIT, Boston, USA (1986)
Conferred title Deshamanya (Pride of the Nation) in the Honours List of the President Sri Lanka (1993)
The Grate Master's Award 1996 incorporating South Asian Architecture Award (1996)
The Architect of the Year Award, India (1996) Asian Innovations Award, Bronze Award –
Architecture, Far Eastern Economic Review (1998) The Chairman's Award of the Aga Khan Award for
Architecture in recognition of a lifetime's achievement in and contribution to the field of architecture (2001)
Awarded Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa), University of Ruhuna (14 September 2002)
EXHIBITIONS AND PUBLICATIONS1. 1986: exhibition at the Royal Institute of Architects,
Londonpublication of “Geoffrey Bawa”, Brian Brace TaylorConcept Media, Singapore
2. 1991: publication of “Lunuganga”, Geoffrey Bawa with Christoph Bon & Dominic Sansoni, Times Editions, Singapore
3. 2002:publication of “Bawa the complete works”, David RobsonThames and Hudson, London
4. 2004:retrospective exhibition “Bawa – Architect of Sri Lanka”Deutches Architektur Museum, Frankfurt 2007:publication of “Beyond Bawa”, David RobsonThames and Hudson, London
FAMOUS WORKS
1. Number 11, Colombo.2. Sri lankan parliament building, kotte.3. Ena de Silva House, colombo.4. Ruhunu University, Matara.5. The kandalama hotel, dambulla.6. Jayawardene house, Mirissa.7. Garden at lunuganga, bentota.8. Bentota beach hotel.9. Blue water hotel, Wadduwa.10. Batujimbar Estate, Bali
IDEOLOGY
He is the principal force behind what is today known globally as ‘tropical modernism’. Although best
known for his private houses and hotels, his portfolio also included schools and universities, factories and offices, public buildings and social buildings as well
as the new Sri Lanka Parliament.Bawa’s work is characterised by a sensitivity to site
and context. He produced “sustainable architecture” long before the term was coined, and had developed his own “regional modernist” stance well in advance
of the theoreticians. His designs broke down the barriers between inside and outside, between interior
design and landscape architecture and reduced buildings to a series of scenographically conceived
spaces separated by courtyards and gardens.
NUMBER 11 33RD LANE COLOMBO
NUMBER 11 33RD LANE COLOMBO, 1960-1970
The house in 33rd Lane is an essay in architectural
bricolage. In 1958 Bawa bought the third in a row of four small houses which lay along a short
cul-de-sac at the end of a narrow suburban lane and
converted it into a pied-à-terre with living room, bedroom, tiny kitchen and room for a servant.
When the fourth bungalow became vacant this was
colonized to serve as dining room and second living room. Ten years later the remaining bungalows were acquired and
added into the composition and the first in the row was
demolished to be replaced by a four-storey tower.
The final result is an introspective labyrinth of rooms and garden courts which together create the illusion of
limitless space. Words like inside and outside lose all meaning: here are rooms without roofs and roofs
without walls, all connected by a complex matrix of axes and internal vistas.
If the main part of the house is an evocation of a lost world of verandahs and courtyards assembled from a
rich collection of traditional devices and plundered artifacts, the new tower which rises above the car port
is nothing less than a reworking of Corb's Maison Citrohan and serves as a periscope which rises from a
shady nether world to give views out across the treetops towards the sea.
LUNUGANGA, BENTOTA,
LUNUGANGA, BENTOTA, 1948-1997
The garden at Lunuganga sits astride two low hills on a promontory which juts out into a brackish lagoon lying off the estuary of the Bentota River.the original bungalow still survives within its cocoon of added verandas, courtyards, and loggias.
Lunuganga was conceived as a scenographic sequence of spaces. Visitors, confused and disoriented, are shepherded up the cascade of steps which lead to the south terrace of the house.The view southwards is framed by a corridor of trees and takes in the Hill, the lake beyond and a white Buddhist dagoba on a distant hilltop: the eye runs down and up through a cone of space and leaps towards the temple and the sky.
This is not a garden of colourful flowers, neat borders and gurgling fountains: it is a civilised wilderness, an
assemblage of tropical plants of different scale and texture, a composition of green on green, an ever
changing play of light and shade, a succession of hidden surprises and sudden vistas, a landscape of memories and ideas. The whole of it can be taken in with a brisk fifteen-minute walk, but it requires days to explore its
every corner and appreciate its changing moods.Lunuganga now seems to be so established, so natural,
that it is hard to appreciate how much effort has gone into its creation. But this is a work of art, not of nature;
it is the contrivance of a single mind and a hundred hands working together with nature to produce
something which is ‘super-natural’. Ignore it for a week and the paths will clog up leaves; leave it for a month
and the lawns will run wild; after a year the terraces will crumble and the jungle will return forever.
THE SRI LANKAN PARLIAMENT, KOTTE,
THE SRI LANKAN PARLIAMENT, KOTTE, 1979
In 1979 Bawa was asked to prepare designs for a new parliament to built at Kotte, about eight kilometers to the east of Colombo. Having flown over the site Bawa proposed that the marshy valley of the Diyavanna Oya be flooded to create a lake of 120 hectares and that the new complex be built on a knoll of high ground which would become an island at the lake’s centre.Bawa conceived of the Parliament as an island capitol surrounded by a new garden city of parks and public buildings. Its cascade of copper roofs would first be seen from the approach road at a distance of two kilometers floating above the new lake at the end of the Diyavanna valley.
The design placed the main chamber in a central pavilion surrounded by a cluster of five satellite
pavilions. Each pavilion is defined by its own umbrella roof of copper and seems to grow out of its own
plinth, although the plinths are actually connected to form a continuous ground and first floor. The main
pavilion is symmetrical about an axis running north-south through the debating chamber, the Speaker's chair and the formal entrance portal. But the power
of this axis and the scale of the main roof are diffused by the asymmetric arrangement of the lesser
pavilions around it. As a result, the pavilions each retain a separate identity but join together to create a
single upward sweep of roofs. The use of copper in place of tile gives the roofs a thinness and the tent-
like quality of a stretched skin alluding perhaps to the fabled 'brazen roofs' of Anuradhapura.
QUOTES
“Architecture cannot be totally explained but must be experienced . . . ”
-- Geoffrey Bawa
CONCLUSIONThe Sri Lankan Architect Geoffrey Bawa is now regarded as having been
one of the most important and influential Asian architects of the 20th century. His international standing was finally confirmed in 2001 when
he received the special chairman’s award in the eighth cycle of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.Bawa was born in 1919 and came late
to architecture, only qualifying in 1957 at the age of thirty-eight, but he soon established himself as Sri Lanka’s most prolific and inventive architect, laying down a canon of prototypes for buildings in a tropical Asian context. Although best known for his private houses and hotels,
his portfolio also included schools and universities, factories and offices, public buildings and social buildings. One of his most striking
achievements is his own garden at Lunuganga which he fashioned from an abandoned rubber estate. This project occupied him for fifty
years, and he used it as a test bed for his emerging ideas. The result is a series of outdoor rooms conceived with an exquisite sense of theatre as a civilized wilderness on a quiet backwater in the greater garden of
Sri Lanka.
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