Genetics vocabulary. Lab 54 vocabulary 1. Genetics- the study of heredity

Genetics vocabulary

Lab 54 vocabulary

1. Genetics- the study of heredity.

2. Characteristic: a feature or quality that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe a person or group of people.

• Example: eye color

3. Trait- A different version of a characteristic •Example: brown eyes

4. Heredity: the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.

•Ex. Having one parent’s eye color

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5. Inherited: traits that are passed from parents to children.

6. offspring- the genetic product

of another organism

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•7. gene- the inherited bits of information that are passed directly from the parents’ cells to the child’s cells

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•8. Asexual Reproduction: creating offspring using genetic information from one parent.

•9. Sexual Reproduction: creating offspring using genetic information from two parents.

•10. Mutation: a random change in a gene that causes the offspring to have a different trait from its parent/s.

•11. Cloning: a form of artificial asexual reproduction

•12. Fertilization: the union of a sperm and egg cell to produce a new and different offspring.

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•13. hypothesis- an idea that is not proven but leads to further study or discussion

•14. model- something or someone that is a very good example of something

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•15. allele- one of two or more forms of a gene

•16. dominant- the form of a gene that masks the affect of the other when both are present.

•17. recessive- the form of a gene that is masked or not seen by the dominant allele.

•18. random- occurring with no pattern

•19. probability- the chance of something occuring.

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•20. Gregor Mendel- an Austrian monk who first studied traits passed from parents to offspring.

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•21. breeding – The mating of two individuals to produce offspring with a desired characteristic.

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•22. homozygous – Having two of the same alleles such as TT or tt – “pure”.

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•23. heterozygous – Having two different alleles such as Tt – “hybrid”.

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24. Chromosome- an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells.

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• Genotype-the specific allele makeup of the individual

Ex: HH, Hh, hh

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• Phenotype- is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism

What you see-blue eyes, brown hair…

25. DNA- (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Located in a cell’s nucleus.