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Here you will learn key vocabulary and the history of genetics!
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Chapter 4: HereditySection1- Genetics
Life Science
Lesson Plan
Inheriting Traits Create a short list of characteristics
about yourself…
HeredityHeredity is the passing of traits
from parents to offspring.
Inherited Traits- Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring (through fertilization)
Genes are passed down… but what are genes?
Genes - Sections of DNA on a chromosome.
Genes on chromosomes control the traits that show up in an organism.– There are hundreds of genes on a
chromosome
Alleles are different forms of a trait that a gene may contain.– There are TWO alleles for every trait
Example: Height– 1 allele is tall (T)– 1 allele is short (t)
Allelesalleles
a gene
GENETICS Genetics- the study of inherited traits.
Gregor Mendel- The Father of
Genetics “The Man”
Mendel’s Experiment Mendel studied the traits of Pea Plants
– Look Page 105
Crossed 2 Plants with different expressions of the trait – Example- Tall (T)& Short (t)– Round (R) & Wrinkled (r)
Mendel’s Experiment When the plants were crossed he
discovered that the new plant formed looked like one of the two parents.
Take a look…
Mendel’s Tall vs. Short Plants
Mendel used pollen from both Tall and Short Plants to pollinate by hand the flowers.
Cross-Pollination- the pollination of two different plants together
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html
Hybrid vs. Purebred
3.Purebreds- offspring that receives two of the same alleles for a trait (TT or tt)
Hybrid vs. Purebred
4. Hybrids- offspring that receives two different alleles for a trait (Tt)
OR……
Check out these websites!
http://www.switcheroozoo.com/zoo.htm
http://www.buildyourwildself.com/
2 Types of Allelesa. Dominant allele- covers up or dominates the other trait.
Represented by a CAPITAL
b. Recessive allele- the trait seems to disappear
Represented by a lower case
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Homozygous – an organism with 2 alleles for one trait that are the same (written TT)
6 Heterozygous – an organism with 2
alleles for one trait that are different (written Tt)
Phenotype vs. Genotype
Genotype- the genetic-makeup of an organism (types of letters used)
Phenotype vs. Genotype
Phenotype- the way an organism physically looks/behaves as a result of its genotype.
Types of Words used: Tall, Short, Blonde, Brown, etc.
The Use of Punnett Squares
A Punnett Square can help you predict what an offspring will look like.
For example, Male and Female Chromosomes
Check out the Punnett Square
Screencast!
Works Cited www.coolclips.com http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/
cm1504/mendel.htm www.classzone.com www.dkimages.com www.virtualsciencefair.org
www.scienceray.com
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