Genetics Nathan Lin Period 5 – Campfield. Disclaimer My videos are approximately 99.9% correct ...
Preview:
Citation preview
- Slide 1
- Genetics Nathan Lin Period 5 Campfield
- Slide 2
- Disclaimer My videos are approximately 99.9% correct 0.1% error
Like hand sanitizer Some videos are a little factually off
Sorry
- Slide 3
- DNA Intro Video Helpful Video Disclaimer The audio is a bit
messed up because of the rendering process (not my fault)
- Slide 4
- Transcription The copying of a sequence of DNA into a
complementary sequence in RNA.
- Slide 5
- Initiation RNA polymerase binds to the promoter in DNA This is
the start area for the specific protein It clears the promoter RNA
polymerase unzips portion of DNA (part needed for protein
synthesis) Not the whole thing
- Slide 6
- Initiation Video Helpful Video Disclaimer The audio is a bit
messed up because of the rendering process (not my fault)
- Slide 7
- Elongation RNA polymerase then codes mRNA from the strand of
DNA A=U There is no thymine G=C This pairing forms the
complementary strand of mRNA from the DNA
- Slide 8
- Elongation Video Helpful Video Disclaimer The audio is a bit
messed up because of the rendering process (not my fault)
- Slide 9
- Termination Termination is the end of the RNA transcription
Final step The synthesized mRNA is released to the ribosome for
protein synthesis The RNA polymerase is removed
- Slide 10
- Termination Video Helpful Video Disclaimer The audio is a bit
messed up because of the rendering process (not my fault)
- Slide 11
- RNA Splicing A component of transcription
- Slide 12
- What is RNA Splicing? RNA splicing is when the introns are
removed and the exons are joined Occurs after transcription
Perfection stage
- Slide 13
- Introns Introns are sections of DNA They dont code for anything
Cut out before final mRNA strand is made
- Slide 14
- Exons Exons are separated by introns Exons are spliced together
to made the final mRNA Allows humans to generate more complexity
(splicing)
- Slide 15
- Introns and Exons Video Helpful Video Disclaimer The audio is a
bit messed up because of the rendering process (not my fault)
- Slide 16
- 5 and 3 Caps Form the ends of a DNA or RNA molecule DNA 3carbon
atom at one end and the other end has a 5 phosphate group RNA The
two ends are modified with special structures (5 cap and 3 poly(A)
tail) due to the translation process
- Slide 17
- Caps Video
- Slide 18
- Translation Process of reading and coding sequences of
nucleotide bases in mRNA to join amino acids to create
proteins.
- Slide 19
- Initiation Occurs in the ribosome P-site A-site Start codon
positioned in P-site (AUG) Ribosome reads the codon tRNA (with
anticodon) brings in amino acid to form a peptide chain
- Slide 20
- Elongation The ribosome continues reading the codons on mRNA
tRNA continues adding amino acids tRNA floats away when its amino
acid is attached to the chain Amino acids are added to the
polypeptide chain Peptide bonds covalent bonds between amino
acids
- Slide 21
- Translocation Moving of the tRNA molecule from the A site to
the P site Growing polypeptide chain
- Slide 22
- Translocation (other one) Chromosomes switch multiple traits
with another chromosome Chromosome abnormalities Problems occur in
meiosis No loss of genetic material
- Slide 23
- Comparisons Original Translocated
- Slide 24
- Termination Ribosome reads the stop codon (UGA, UAA, UAG) Stop
codon not associated with any amino acid Ribosome then releases
newly created protein into the cell
- Slide 25
- Translation Video
- Slide 26
- A and P Sites Located on the large subunit of the ribosome P
site (left side) holds tRNA molecule carrying a specific amino acid
A site (right side) holds tRNA molecule carrying a specific amino
acid which is attached to the polypeptide chain Translocation
- Slide 27
- A & P Site Video
- Slide 28
- Works Cited "Chromosomal Translocations." Translocations. Web.
26 Mar. 2012.. Lin, Anthony Nathan. Genetics. Richmond, 4 March
2012. "Orientation of Primers." DNA Asymmetry. Rutgers University.
Web. 26 Mar. 2012.. I, Anthony Nathan Lin, hereby authorize this
work to be released in the public domain.
- Slide 29