Genes code for a trait. A version of a gene is called an allele You have two copies of each gene,...

Mendelian Genetics

Genetics- STUDY OF HOW PARENTS PASS TRAITS ON TO THEIR OFFSPRING

• Genes code for a trait. • A version of a gene is called an allele• You have two copies of each gene, one from

each parent.

Autosomal HomologousChromosome #8

Gene Allele Allele

Shoe Nike Vans

Soda Pepsi Sprite

Eye Color Brown Blue

Height Tall Short

MOMFrom DAD

Brown Eyes

TallShort

Blue Eyes

The sry gene controls testicular development and is only found in males. Which chromosome is it most likely found on?

A) On any autosomal chromosome (1-22) B) On Chromosome #8 C) On the X Sex Chromosome D) On the Y Sex Chromosome

The sry gene controls testicular development and is only found in males. Which chromosome is it most likely found on?

A) On any autosomal chromosome (1-22) B) On Chromosome #8 C) On the X Sex Chromosome D) On the Y Sex Chromosome

Two words to know:

• Genotype: The genes or combination of alleles shown by two letters. (Tt, TT, tt, Rr, RR, rr, CC, Cc, cc)

• Phenotype: How an organism looks like (Tall, short, Round, Squared, Colorblind, Not Colorblind)

– Phenotype: Physical Features!!! – Genotype: Genes!!

• If a boy inherits an allele for brown eyes and another for blue eyes, what will his eye color be?

• Some alleles are dominant, meaning they block the expression of the other allele. Dominant alleles are CAPITALIZED! The allele that is not dominant is called recessive (lower case letter)

Brown Eyes (B) Blue Eyes (b)

MOM DAD

Dominant Recessive

Homozygous: genotype with two same alleles for a trait

(Example: TT, tt)

Heterozygous: genotype with two different alleles for a trait (Example: Tt)

2 more words to know

Gene: Eye ColorB = Brown eyesb= blue eyes

BB = Homozygous Dominant (Genotype)Phenotype? Brown Eye Color

Bb = Heterozygous Dominant (Genotype)Phenotype? Brown Eye Color

bb = Homozygous Recessive (Genotype)Phenotype? Blue Eye Color

Write Question and Answer: Pg 140

1. Are the following genotypes Homozygous or Heterozygous

TT __Homozygous___Tt _______________Aa _______________DD_______________

2. Is it a genotype or a phenotype?

Aa _________________Eye Color ____________Nose Shape __________RR _____________

3. Is the genotype homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous?

AA _____________________Aa _____________________Ee _____________________ee _____________________

4. A rabbit that has the trait for black fur is dominant over white fur. If B= Black fur and b = white fur, what is the phenotype of the following genotypes:

BB ____Black fur____Bb________________bb _______________

The Famous Punnett Square• Used to predict the traits of an offspring. EX: What is the probability or what is the chance that my child will have brown eyes? • You need mom and dad’s genotypes to figure

this out.

Mom is homozygous dominant for brown eyes. Dad is heterozygous for that gene. Find the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the

offspring. (Brown eyes is dominant over blue eyes)

Possible Genotype:

2/4 BB or 50% BB2/4 Bb or 50% Bb

Possible Phenotypes: 100% Brown Eyes

Homer is homozygous recessive for the spiky hair allele. Marge is heterozygous for the spiky hair allele. S is spiky hair, s is non-spiky hair. Find the possible genotypes and phenotypes

of the offspring.

Possible Genotype:

2/4 Ss or 50% Ss2/4 ss or 50% ss

Possible Phenotypes: 50% Spiky Hair50% Non-spiky hair

What is a Carrier?

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder. It is a sex-linked recessive trait. Hemophiliacs tend to bleed inside their body, especially in the knees, ankles, and elbows. This bleeding can damage organs and tissues and may be life threatening. A wife is a carrier, the male has hemophilia.

What is the probability that a baby girl will have hemophilia? ___/____ or _______% What is the probability that a baby boy will have hemophilia? ___/____ or _______% What is the probability that the next child will NOT have hemophilia? ___/____ or _______%

Genes code for a trait. A version of a gene is called an allele You have two copies of each gene,...

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