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Generation IV Roland Schenkel DG Joint Research Centre - EUROPEAN COMMISSION Bucharest, 11 May 2006 http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The GIF Charter. E.U. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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JRC – Brussels
Generation IVGeneration IV
Roland SchenkelRoland SchenkelDG Joint Research CentreDG Joint Research Centre - - EUROPEAN COMMISSIONEUROPEAN COMMISSION
Bucharest, 11 May 2006Bucharest, 11 May 2006
http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int
2 JRC – Brussels
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF)The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Objective: to support R&D, within a time frame from 15 to 20 years and reach
technical maturity by 2030 The 5 GIF fundamental criteria :
SustainabilityNon-Proliferation and physical protectionSafety and reliabilityMinimization of waste productionEconomics
The JRC has been designated as the Community Implementing Agent
Designed for different applicationsElectricity, HydrogenDesalinated water, Heat
E.U.
The GIF Charter
3 JRC – Brussels
The six Generation IV nuclear systems
Sodium Fast Reactor
Lead Fast Reactor
Molten Salt Reactor
Gas Fast Reactor
Supercritical Water-cooled ReactorVery High Temperature Reactor
4 JRC – Brussels
Interest in GIF SystemsInterest in GIF Systems
signifies Co-chair
GFR – Gas-Cooled Fast ReactorLFR – Lead-Cooled Fast ReactorMSR – Molten Salt ReactorSFR – Sodium-Cooled Fast ReactorSCWR – Supercritical Water-Cooled ReactorVHTR – Very-High-Temperature Reactor
VHTR
GFR
SFR
LFR
SCWR
MSR
Note that all Steering Committees are provisional until the System Arrangements are finalized and signed.
July 2005
5 JRC – Brussels
Major Advantages Gen IV over Gen II/III
U consumption Proliferation Resistance
RadiotoxicityVolumeSafe Storage Time
Gen II / IIISpent Fuel
Once Through
Reprocessing
VitrificationU, Pu
Gen IV
FR
Partitioning
U, Pu + MAs
Fuel Fabrication
Pu + MAs
Breeder/Burner
U + Pu + MA + FP
130000 years
< 0.1 % Pu + MA + FP
10000 years
Traces: Pu + MA; + FP
<1000-2000 years
6 JRC – Brussels
The GIF Governance
Policy Group
Reports to
* Technical Director is Chair of the Experts Group
Chair
Chair*
System Steering Committees
Co-Chairs
Project Management Boards
(specific or common projects)
Crosscutting Evaluation
Methodology Groups and Management
Board
Secretariat
Policy TechnicalDirector Director*
NEA, Paris
Co-Chairs
Provides Secretariat for
Communicates closely with
Technical Secretariat
Experts Group
Senior Industry Advisory Panel
Policy Group
Reports to
* Technical Director is Chair of the Experts Group
Chair
Chair*
System Steering Committees
Co-Chairs
Project Management Boards
(specific or common projects)
Crosscutting Evaluation
Methodology Groups and Management
Board
Secretariat
Policy TechnicalDirector Director*
NEA, Paris
Co-Chairs
Provides Secretariat for
Communicates closely with
Technical Secretariat
Experts Group
Senior Industry Advisory Panel
Organes de Gouvernance
FrameworkAgreement
SystemArrangement
ProjectArrangement
Instruments
7 JRC – Brussels
The Framework AgreementThe Framework Agreement
• Legally binding text governing the overall functioning of GIF• Entered into force on 28 February 2005. • Objective:Objective: “… to establish a framework for international collaboration to foster and facilitate
achievement of the purpose and vision of the GIF”.
• Potential Parties to the FA: Governments (or their ministries or agencies) for GIF Member States and Euratom
• Each Party to designate Implementing Agents (IAs) which will implement SAs, but only one of them can sign a specific SA
– The Joint Research Centre is the Implementing Agent of Euratom
• The Framework Agreement describes the role of the other arrangements in the GIF system (System and, respectively, Project Arrangements)
• IPR provisions will be dealt with at the appropriate level (mainly at project level)
8 JRC – Brussels
The System Arrangements (SAs)The System Arrangements (SAs)
• Basic Principle: One System / One System Arrangement/ Only one Implementing Agent may be signatory
• Signatories: Public institutions/research organisations designated by the FA signatories
• SFR SA signed; VHTR under discussion/finalisation• Negotiation for SCWR, GFR SAs to start on the basis of the SFR/VHTR template• Content of the Template System Arrangement:
Collaboration to be undertaken Management of the research and the development activities undertaken to
realize the objective of GIF Financial arrangements Protection, use and disclosure of background proprietary information Adequate and effective protection and allocation of intellectual property created
or furnished in the course of the collaboration, including provision for the resolution of disputes concerning intellectual property rights
• The SFR SA was signed on Tuesday, 14 February 2006, in Fukui (Japan) by France, Japan and the USA
9 JRC – Brussels
The Project Arrangements (PAs)The Project Arrangements (PAs)
• R&D within each System will be performed in one or more projects (co-ordinated by a Project Management Board)
each System Arrangement implemented through 4 to 5 project arrangements
• Signatories to the PAs: Implementing Agents or other R&D organisations (subject to the approval of the respective SSC)
• Integration of the work within each system will be done by a “Design and Integration Project”
• IPR provisions included at this level.• Statute of the PAs: contracts
• Negotiations on PA content have started and appeared to be the most difficult
10 JRC – Brussels
A discrimination among partnersA discrimination among partners
• Minor/Major Contributors– The notion was introduced by US/DOE during the third round of
negotiations on the SFR Advanced Fuel PA– Major contributors will have a large access and use of the outcome of
the R&D: the “Generated Information”– Minor contributors will have a limited access to this Generated
Information• Defining “Minor” and “Major” Contributors
– Based on “initial inputs”, not on “outputs”; – According to a certain threshold of contribution.
• Important Conclusion: if this notion is kept, it will be of utmost importance for the Community to organise its contribution to reach the critical size. In particular, the role of universities shall be protected.
11 JRC – Brussels
3+1 GIF Methodology Working Groups3+1 GIF Methodology Working Groups
• Economic Modeling Working Group (EMWG)• Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection (PRPP)• Risk & Safety Working Group (RSWG)• A 4th MWG under consideration: Sustainability Working Group• Each is chartered to work on crosscutting methodologies that can be
used to evaluate any of the Generation IV systems
12 JRC – Brussels
How to make Framework Programme projects and GIF projects match?
• Ongoing discussion within the “Coordination Group” with a view to FP7• Issues identified:
– Ensure that individual FP projects (Integrated Projects, STREPs) and GIF projects match at task level FP;
– But individual FP projects corresponds to Systems rather than projects (e.g. RAPHAEL FP – VHTR and GCFR FP – GFR);
– Consortium should accept that the Technical Annex may be reviewed to fit as far as possible the GIF R&D plan and project plans;
– Would it be possible to identify in each consortium sub-entities matching GIF Projects or even Projects Tasks? Will individual consortium agree to create such sub-consortia? What will be their relations with the main body and its individual members?
13 JRC – Brussels
Euratom membership may:Euratom membership may:
ensure significant scientific/technical contributions to GIF reaching the critical size
play a constructive role towards R&D achievement of GIF objectives provide a platform for participation of R&D organizations (including
industry) from non GIF-members EU Member States and CCs offer an exciting and challenging field for the training of European
scientists and students in a worldwide R&D initiative.
We expect the offer of the Romanian nuclear scientific community to this ambitious and challenging R&D initiative, of which some main lines will be presented this afternoon during the “Nuclear session”.
14 JRC – Brussels
Fast Reactors : Sodium TechnologyFast Reactors : Sodium Technology
- Sodium is a very suitable coolant:- liquid in a wide range of temperatures (90 – 890°C)- mono isotope (Na23)- thermodynamics parameters- no corrosion (when purified)
- Large industrial experience:- various industrial uses- 40 years of technological studies for nuclear applications
- Well-known drawbacks:- chemical reactivity (sodium fires and sodium-water reactions)- difficulties for handling and inspection (repairability)- Challenges: fuel with minor actinides
15 JRC – Brussels
Fast Reactors : Lead TechnologyFast Reactors : Lead Technology
- A candidate to avoid the risks associated with sodium fires or sodium-water reactions- A less favorable coolant (thermodynamics parameters, corrosion risks)- Lead-bismuth alloy to reduce corrosion risks- Experience limited to Russian applications in naval propulsion- Studies going on in various countries- Nitride fuel
16 JRC – Brussels
Fast Reactors : Helium TechnologyFast Reactors : Helium Technology
- Gas cooling is less efficient than liquid metal cooling- Development of a gas cooled fast reactor will require a new type of fuel (burn up ≥ 150 GWd/t)- Helium technology is already considered for VHTR- Specific safety concerns need to be clarified (low thermal inertia, high power density)- If it can be successfully designed, the result will satisfy both objectives for a sustainable development (fast neutron physics and high temperature technology)
17 JRC – Brussels
MSR R&D AreasMSR R&D Areas
• Very innovative and thus very challenging
• Molten salt properties and salt control (REDOX, impurities)
• Resistance of structural materials in molten salt environments fluorides, chlorides)
• Specific components, esp. heat exchangers
• Graphite life
• Bubbling extraction of gaseous FPs and noble metals
• FP online extraction• Tritium control
18 JRC – Brussels
The role of reprocessingThe role of reprocessing
• Long-term sustainability requires reprocessing (fuel availability, number of geological repositories
• Advanced aqueous reprocessing– Separation of Pu and minor actinides; ready for prototype
demonstration (small scale testing at JRC-ITU)• Advanced dry reprocessing
– Previous experience with EBR metal fuel (Idaho); R&D in several countries; small prototype in Japanese-European co-operation at JRC-ITU
• Challenge for new fuel to be developed for GFR: highly refractive/ leak-tight yet dissolvable
19 JRC – Brussels
Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR)Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR)
Characteristics• Helium coolant• 900-950°C outlet temp• Water-cracking cycle
Benefits• Hydrogen production• High degree of passive safety
• High thermal efficiency• Process heat applications
• Preliminary design by 2011; prototype before 2020, dependending on available funding• In Europe: focus on heat applications rather than electricity and H2
20 JRC – Brussels
SCWR R&D HighlightsSCWR R&D Highlights
• Target date to complete essential R&D: 2015 (establish viability)• Prototype (30-150 MWe) by 2020• Pressure-vessel & pressure-tube designs will be developed in
parallel with a decision on core type made by country/organization supporting construction of POAK
• Includes a section showing proposed contributions from member countries to specific R&D tasks
21 JRC – Brussels
GIF Resources on the webGIF Resources on the web
• Basic information on GIF is available on:
http://www.gen-4.org/
• More detailed information to support Euratom contribution to GIF is available to suscribers to the “Circa Group” managed by DG Joint Research Centre (access on demand)
http://forum.europa.eu.int/Members/irc/jrc/euratom_co_ordination_on_gif_issues/home
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