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Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women in the Context of
the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals
2010 High-level Segment
Economic and Social Council
New York, 28 June – 2 July
Annual Ministerial Review : Nacional Voluntary Presentation
GUATEMALA
Guatemala: an unequal and diverse country
• Population: 14.4 million
o 51.2% women, 48.8% men
o 38.4% indigenous, 61.6% non-indigenous
• Post Conflict and Democracy:
o 36 years of armed conflict (1960-1996)
o 1985: First civilian government elected
o 1996: Signing of Peace Agreements
• Human Development Index: ranks 118 (0,689)
• Gini Coefficient for Income Distribution: 0.55
• One of the most vulnerable countries in terms of Climate Change
Status of women in Guatemala
Situation of systematical
disadvantages for women
Social
Poverty exclusion
Ethnic Discrimination
Geographical exclusion
Cultural
Economic
Political
Gender relatioships
Exclusion and
discrimination
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health
Gender Gaps Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and
begun to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS
Source: INE-ENCOVI, 2006
Gender GapsTarget 1B: Achieve full and productive
employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Gender GapsTarget 1B: Achieve full and productive
employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Intra-gender GapsGoal 5: Improve maternal health
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health, 2008
Income / Population Ratio: Employed persons between the ages of 15 and 65
by sex and ethnic identity
Source: ENCOVI, 2006
Sustained increase of women meeting violent deaths
Harassment
Prolonged abuse
Psychological pressure
Physical and sexual violence
Femicide
Social Indifference
Limited institutional response capacity
Four decades of internal armed conflict
A total of 4,602 cases of women meeting violent deaths are registered between 2001 to 2009 Source: PNC, 2007.
Decision-Making
Participation in Local Government
2007 Elections: 6 of 333 mayoralties / municipal councils (1.8%)
235 representation in municipal corporations (5.84%)
Participation in Departmental Development Councils (CODEDE)
2009: 190 women / 861 men
53 indigenous women / 137 non indigenous women
Percentage of Women with a seat in Congress
1986: 7% 2008: 12% (19 non-indigenous, 4 indigenous)
Source: TSE, 2007, Segeplan, 2010
Beijing Declaration
(1995)
Peace Agreements(1996)
National Women’s Forum
(1997)
Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
(2000)
Social Development Law
(2001)
National Policy for the Advancement and Integral
Development of Guatemalan Women
(2001)
Institutional Framework-Presidential Secretariat
for Women
MDG and SectoralProgrammes linked with gender policy and MDG.
50% of policies include guidelines and actions to promote gender and ethnic equality.
Advances for Women’s Equality
Links between the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of
Women and the MDG’s
Pillars of the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women
MDG
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Economic development X X
Natural resources X
Educational equity X X
Health equity X X X
Erradication of violence against women X X
Legal equity X
Racism and discrimination X
Cultural Development X X
Equity in employment X X X
Institutional mechanisms X X
Sociopolitical participation X
Cultural identity of Maya, Garífuna and Xinka women X X
Links between MDG reports and policy making
COST – EFFECTIVE VARIABLES /MDG Report 2006 GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMMES
Children with access to GROWTH MONITORING “Mi familia progresa” conditionalcash transfer
Nutrition and Food Security
Reproductive Health
Mothers with access to the BREASTFEEDING Programmes
Pregnant women with access to PRENATAL CARE
Mothers with access to POST-NATAL CARE
Households with well or tap (access to PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY)
“Agua Fuente de Paz”
Water and Drainage for Human Development Households with LATRINE (access to wastepipe)
Access to HEALTH-CARE SERVICES, clinics, health-care centers and hospitals
Reinstatement of free public services, provision of ambulances, 24-hour care
Access to SCHOOLS Reinstatement of free public services, loans, grants,scholarshipsPrimary school students receiving ACADEMIC INCENTIVES
Parents’ educational level (+parental illiteracy-children’s education)
Free of charge Literacy
Households with ELECTRICITY Electric Supply for Rural Areas
Lessons Learned
Alliances between women’s organizations and public institutions
Alliances between women and other marginalized groups.
State-initiated action benefiting women creates new opportunities for participation.
Pemanent female representation in local governments and territories.
The pace of progress is extremely slow for Guatemala to achieve the MDG’s and gender equity.
•The adverse economic climate
•Historical reluctance to increase the country’s tax rate.
More efficient and effective management of development on behalf of the State
• Improve actions of public policies to achieve gender empowerment.
•To strengthen the planning system at both territorial and sectoral levels.
• To mainstream women’s rights into the public policy agenda, the legal and institutional framework, the organizational culture and administrative practices.
Continuing the efforts of alignment, harmonization and appropriation in the area of international cooperation.
Improving transparency, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Challenges for the Country
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