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1www.gemac-chemnitz.de info@gemac-chemnitz.de
GEMAC - Gesellschaft für Mikroelektronikanwendung Chemnitz mbH
Innovative Low Power Electronics for EnergyAutonomous Transducers: Pressure
Sensors, Inclinometers, Accelerometers andVibration Sensors
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Dirk Hübner
Hannover 07.04.2011
2www.gemac-chemnitz.de info@gemac-chemnitz.de
Why energy autonomous?
Increasing material and energy costs
Trend to preventive monitoring of technical installations and processes
Sensors at critical points of applications
Increasing installation effort
Demand for unlimited life time
Intention:
Simple and flexible sensors with an autonomous power supply and data transmission
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Fields of Application
Tire pressure sensor
Medical technology
Building automation (switches)
Condition monitoring
Mobile machines
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Why energy autonomous and GEMAC?
GEMAC products
Sensors for inclination, acceleration and vibration
Interpolation circuits
Field bus tester
Length measuring systems
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Energy Autonomous System - Structure
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Energy source
Physical principles:
Temperature difference (i.e. thermo-electrical generators) Light (i.e. photovoltaic power plants, solar cell, solar thermical plants) Mechanical vibration (i.e. piezo-electrical or electro-mechanical) Streaming of gaseous and liquid substances (i.e. industrial mill, flow meter) extension, compression, pressure (i.e. actuation) Battery
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Energy source - Problems / Challenges
In all cases mentioned energy is available in limited quantitiesand/or limited time.
How is it possible to generate as much energy as possible?
How can energy be stored most effectively?
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Example: Vibration Generator
Energy harvesting by a coil-magnet-arrangement
Energy efficient rectifier replacing the full bridge rectifier with a NMOS-rectifier
Energy storage through battery or super-cap
e.g.: vibration generator from HSG-IMIT developed in the project IEKU supported by BMBF
Energy source
Generator
Rectifier
Energie storage
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Sensor Electronic
How can the sensor information be processed and transmitted in the most energy efficient way?
Energy analysis of each step necessary
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Capability influences on the sensor electronic
Sensors
Working principle (conversion of physical values to electrical signals)
Number and complexity of parts for external sensor circuits
sample rate
signal conditioning
ADC
Working principle
sample rate
Micro controller
clock frequency
Architecture and Periphery
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Energy analysis
87,0%
6,6%4,6%0,6%1,2%
Energieverbrauch IEKU
Initialisierung Senden MessungRuhe Rest
Main problem of energy - autonomous systems is the limited energy (time and volume) available.Therefore an exact analysis of the energetic operation within the system is necessary.
e.g. energy autarkic pressure sensor for automotive applications
Biggest energy sink is initialising of the wireless radio module
e.g.: pressure sensor for automotive application
High energy demand for Initialization of the wireless module
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Energy analysis
Hardware component selection and optimizing (based on energy analysis)
components with a minimum of power loss in dependence on target application
Microcontroller
ADC
Wireless radio module wireless technology selection (WLAN, Zigbee, Bluetooth, NanoNet)
Positive effects of using an optimized hardware:
Increased measuring accuracy and reduction of measuring time
Usage of efficient components for power supply with minimum input voltages
Minimization of PCB area
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System Electronic
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Firmware
Usage of special working modes such as „sleep“ or „power-down“
Testing of methods for initialization
Function reducing
Intelligent solutions for energy efficient data processing
Consideration of safety aspects
Active adaption to existing energy
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Firmware
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
2
4
6Generatorspannung
Volt
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Aus
Ruhe
Messung
ÜbertragungFirmware - State
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
2
4
6Kondensatorspannung
Sekunden
Volt
Beispielhafter Programmablauf mit dynamisch angepasstem Sendeintervall
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Firmware
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Data Transmission
Methods for data transmission:
By wire Wireless radiooptical
Energy Source
Energy ConverterEnergiy Storage
Sensor electronic(Sensor, ADC, µC,..)
Wireless Data TransmissionTransmit / receive
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Data Transmission
Requirements for the data transmissionHigh reliability
High availability
Less demand on energy
Application specific range of operation
Application specific data transmission rate
Conflict as not all requirements can be met
Therefore application specific adaptation necessary
Pulse mode,…
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Advantages / Disadvantages Wireless RadioAdvantages
High flexibility
Low costs
New fields of application
Information availability in a wide range
Disadvantages / Main problems
Usage of primary batteries impossible
Energy demand is too high resp. energy supply is not sufficient
No optimal wireless standard for special applications available
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Wireless Data Transmission
Optimized wireless driver stack effects:
High data transmission safety
Low energy demand
Wide transmission range
Possibility of using different numbers of sensors within a network
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PSP A/021272
Sensor module
Logic moduleWireless radio module
Customized solution
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Energy balance
-0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03Strom - Prozessor (U an 2.128 )
Zeit in s
Spa
nnun
g in
V
0.0µWs (0.0ms) 57.0µWs (3.0ms) Messung
39.1µWs (8.0ms) Reset/Init clock 97.1µWs (10.5ms) Initialisierung Chirp Sequencer
25.7µWs (2.8ms) Registerkonfiguration 15.4µWs (1.6ms) Kalibrierung Rx
9.5µWs (1.0ms) Kalibrierung Tx
12.1µWs (1.3ms) Kalibrierung Chirp DAC Filter 15.0µWs (1.7ms) Tx
0.0µWs (0.9ms) Rest
Energie: 271µWsLeistung: 8.8mW
Auto-Mode Default-Initialisierung
-0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Strom - Funkmodul (U an 2.092 )
Zeit in s
Spa
nnun
g in
V
0.0µWs (0.0ms) 8.4µWs (3.0ms) Messung
68.5µWs (8.0ms) Reset/Init clock 624.1µWs (10.5ms) Initialisierung Chirp Sequencer
65.7µWs (2.8ms) Registerkonfiguration 88.2µWs (1.6ms) Kalibrierung Rx
55.2µWs (1.0ms) Kalibrierung Tx
125.5µWs (1.3ms) Kalibrierung Chirp DAC Filter 77.6µWs (1.7ms) Tx
16.9µWs (0.9ms) Rest
Energie: 1130µWsLeistung: 37mW
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Fields of application
Family of inclination and acceleration sensors
Current applications :
Mobile machines (building-, agricultural and forestry machines)
Lorries
Ship building
Solar plants
Condition Monitoring
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Examples for application of energy-autonomous sensors
Tower crane (construction progress depended on length)
Vibration diagnosis (CMS)
Monitoring of hydraulic pumps
Moved systems (measuring value logging and transmission at motor spindle)
Reducing of cables in length and angular measuring systems
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Contact
GEMAC - Gesellschaft für Mikroelektronikanwendung Chemnitz mbH
Zwickauer Straße 22709116 ChemnitzGermany
Tel : +49 371-3377115Fax: +49 371-3377272
E-Mail: huebner@gemac-chemnitz.deHannover Fair 2011 Hall 9 Booth H28
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