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GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FESGAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
11
HYDERABAD
GAS TURBINE
STARTUP
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FESGAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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OBJECTIVES
To smoothly start,Accelerate and bring the Gas Turbine to full Speed No LoadCondition
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PRE START UP CHECKS• All MCC modules are switched ‘ON' and are kept on ‘Auto’• Lube Oil Level is OK & Oil temp. normal • Select “Cooldown On” and ensure that the AC
Lube Oil Pumps starts & Ratcheting is OK.• Start EOP and ensure that the pressure
developed is OK• Cooling Water level is OK• Visual Inspection of Machine is OK
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Normal Start
Operator selects “CRANK / FIRE /AUTO” then ‘Execute’
Protections System checks Ready to Start Permisives:01. Generator Lockout Relay is Reset02. Turbine is at Zero Speed03. Overspeed Bolt is Reset04. Flame is not Detected in all Scanners05. Compressor Bleed valves are Open06. ‘OFF ’ is not Selected07. IGV is Closed08. Master protective ‘4’ Logic is Reset09. <R> <S> and <T> Master Protectives agree 10. Emergency Lube Oil Pump Voltage is Normal11. Diesel Test is not in Progress12. <R> <S> and <T> Communication links are Healthy 13. Generator Breaker is Open14. Auxiliaries are healthy and Fuel System Faults are Reset
Cont’d
Select “UNIT CONTROL” Display
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FESGAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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HYDERABAD ‘READY TO START’ displayed
Operator presses “START” then ‘Execute’
1. Start Counter is incremented.2. AC Lube Oil Pump is started, if not already started.3. Ratcheting Motor is started & Starting Jaw Clutch is engaged (if unit is ‘Off Cool down’)4. Master Protective System Energizes (L4)
Cont’d
“STARTING” Displayed
1. Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump started2. Diesel Engine is started. It idles for 2 min.3. Diesel Engine accelerates to its intermediate speed4. After the diesel warm up time Hydraulic Ratchet pump Starts and carries out continuous ratchet4. Turbine Breaks away and the Ratchet pump stops
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“CRANKING” Displayed
1. Turbine reaches cranking speed (about 19%).2. The Turbine is purged for 5 min.3. Turbine Purge Timer times out.
“FIRING” Displayed
1. Ignition Relay is energised (2TVX. Spark Plugs are energised2. 60 sec Firing Timer is started.
Cont’d
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NO OnLiquid
YESPermissible for SRV & GCV enabled
Energises Liquid Fuel Trip Solenoid (20 FL)Energises Fuel Pump Clutch Solenoid (20 CF)Permissive for Fuel Bypass valve to operate as established by the digital command FQROUTStarts Booster Atomizing Air Compressor
Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is set to Firing Value Opening of GCV / closing of Bypass valve depends on this.
Flame is detected in2 out of 4 scanner and is steady for 2 secs
NO YES
“Failure to Ignite” alarm appears Turbine on Crank Mode
FSR cuts back toWARM-UP value.
“WARM UP” displayed
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HYDERABADWarm Up Timer starts 60 seconds).Compartment vent Fans started.Fired Starts Counter incremented. Fired Hours timer energised.
After warm-up time, Diesel Engine Accelerates to its full speedFSR is increased at a predetermined rate to accelerate the Turbine.
“ACCELERATING” Displayed
At approximately 55 to 60% speed, starting Clutch is automaticallydisengaged. Diesel Engine cuts back to idle speed and is stopped after5 min cooldown timer.Turbine is now self sustaining and accelerates on its ownAt ~ 80 % speed,
IGV is opened to 57 deg ( 20 TV-IGV solenoid is energised )At ~ 95 % speed,Compressor Bleed Valves are closedAux Lube Oil Pump & Aux Hydraulic Pumps are stopedTurbine Exhaust Frame Cooling fans are started (88 TKI & 2)
Cont’d
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OnGAS
YesEnergises Atomizing AirBypass Solenoid Valve
N0“ FULL SPEED NO LOAD“ Displayed
Enables Manual Raise/Lower of Turbine Speed Reference toSynchronize the Unit.
If Auto Synch permissive are OK, Generator and line are present and above minimums, the Control System will modulate FSR to bring Speed to match the station line frequency and closes Generator Breaker when Phase angle is OK.
“PART LOAD / PRE SELECTED LOAD/ BASE LOAD “ Displayed
Depending upon Load Mode Selection , Turbine is Loaded to the Reference and load maintained.
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STARTUP CURVE (DIESEL ENGINE)STARTUP CURVE (DIESEL ENGINE)
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STARTUP CURVE (STARTING MOTOR)STARTUP CURVE (STARTING MOTOR)
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CHECKS DURING STARTUP
• Flame is sensed in all Flame Scanners
• Exhaust Temperatures are uniform and Spread is normal
• Acceleration is Smooth and Time taken is in line with earlier values
• Rise in Exhaust Temperature is Uniform
• Exhaust Temperature profile is OK and
Spread Values are within Limits
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• Rise in Wheelspace Temperature is Uniform
• Vibrations are within Limits and as per earlier values
• Bearing Oil Drain Temperatures are Normal
• Opening of Jaw Clutch is at approx. at the same Speed as earlier
CHECKS DURING STARTUP
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GAS TURBINE
OPERATIONS
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PARAMETERS
Pressure
• Lube Oil• Hydraulic Oil• Trip Oil• Comp. Discharge• Inlet Air Filter DP• Cooling water
Temperatures
• Lube Oil Header• Brg. Drains• Comp. Inlet• Comp. Discharge• Exhaust• Wheelspace• Cooling Water Outlet
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OTHERS
• Vibrations• Noise, Rubs• Startup Time• Coast Down Time• Fired Starts• Fired Hours
GENERATOR
• Voltage• Current• Load• Stator Temperatures
PARAMETERS
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OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC
• Start up
• Load Hunting
• Combustion Trouble
• Lower Loads
• Higher Temperatures
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MACHINE DO’S & DONT’S• Do not Force any Logic for Startup
• Do not attempt Subsequent Starts Without Troubleshooting if M/C trips during Startup
• Record the trends & Analyze present Operation>>Load Vs Exhaust Temperatures
>>Load Vs CPD
>>Load Vs FSR
>>Load Vs Vibration
• Use trend Data from Mark IV/V to Notice incipient Problems
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GAS TURBINE
SHUTDOWN
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Shut Down Operation
• Gas turbine Shut Down can be achieved by Two Means
• Normal or Fired Shut Down
• Emergency Shut downManual Emergency Shut Down
Protective Emergency Shut Down
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Fired Shut Down• Normal Shut Down Reduces the Fuel to the
Turbine in a Controlled way (up to 20% of speed and shuts of the Fuel Totally)so as to Reduce overall Thermal Shock to Turbine Internals
• It is Executed by using “STOP” Push Button on “Unit Control Page”
• This is the most Preferred Shut Down Mode
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Emergency Shut Down• Shuts of the Fuel immediately by closing
Fuel Stop Valves
• Manual Emergency Stop to be used Judiciously
• Emergency Push Buttons are Provided on-Mark IV/V Panel / Control Desk
-The Manual Push Lever on Over Speed Bolt
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STANDBY INSPECTION
When Unit is not run for a long time
• Crank the Turbine once in a Fortnight to drive away Moisture
• Check Battery system, Oil levels etc.
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GAS TURBINE
PROTECTIONS
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HYDERABAD Protection System
• Electrical Protection systems>>Over Speed
>>High Exhaust Temperature
>>Low Lube Oil Pressure
>>Low Trip Oil Pressure
>>High Lube Oil Temperature
>>Loss of Flame
>>High Vibration
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Protection Systems Cont’d...
>>Combustion Monitoring
>>Customer Trip
>>Fire Detection in Compartment Enclosures
>>Generator Class ‘A’ Trip
• Mechanical Protections>>Over Speed Bolt
>>Trip Out Devices Based on Low Trip Oil
>>Manual Emergency Trip Device
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Over Temperature Alarm & TripOver Temperature Alarm & TripTTXM A
A>BB
To Alarm Message & Speed Set Point Lower
A A>BB
A A>BB
OR
LATCHSET
RESET
TTKOT3
ToMaster
TTRX
TTKOT2
L86MR1 ProtectionAlarm &Trip
TTKOT1
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Over Temperature Protection
TTXMTemp.Feedback
TRIP
Compressor Pressure Discharge
TTKOT3
TTKOT2
TRIP
ALARM
TTRX(Temp. ControlReference)
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Vibration protection
• Standard Vibration Measurements used for Tripping GT are Velocity Type on Bearing Housing
• Alarm setting = 0.5” / sec
Trip setting = 1.0” / sec
• Total System is Tested for Integrity during Turbine Shut Down by Mark IV / V Panel
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Vibration Protection
If All Gas Turbine Sensors are Disabled or Faulty
If All Generator Sensors are are Disabled or Faulty
If 3 or more GT Sensors are Disabled or Faulty
If 2 or more Generator sensors Disabled or faulty
OR
OR
T
T
GROUPDISABLEDALARM &TRIP
STARTINHIBIT
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Vibration Trip
OPTVTD
Any Trip and if any Adj.Pair Disabled or Alarmed
Any Trip and any Alarmfrom other Sensor
Any Trip and if 2 or moreSensors are Disabled
Any Trip and Any Alarmfrom another Sensor
Any Trip if 2 SensorInputs or Disabled
Adjacent Sensor
OR
OR
RESET
T
T
SETANDLATCH
RESET
SETANDLATCH
RESET
L39VGTT
Gas TurbineTrip
L39VGT
GeneratorTrip
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Vibration Trip Contd..L39VGTT
L39VGTOR
L39VT
HIGHVIBRATIONTRIP
BB 1
BB 2
A A > BB OR
T
LK39DIFF
OTHER SIMILARGROUPS
VibrationDifferentialAlarm
+_
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Combustion Monitoring
• Exhaust Temperature Spreads are the Result of Uneven Combustion in all the Combustion Chambers
• Combustion Monitoring is Built in Mark IV/V
• Combustion Monitoring is Enabled after Machine Reaches FSNL
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Exhaust Spread Calculations• Actual Spread
))TTXSP1 : Highest - Lowest TC
))TTXSP2 : Highest - 2 nd Lowest TC
))TTXSP3 : Highest - 3 rd Lowest TC
• Allowable Spread ( TTXSPL )
= 0.145 TTXC - 0.08 CTDA + 30 deg F
• During Dynamic Conditions the Allowable Spread is Increased
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HYDERABAD Trip Conditions1. TTXSP1 > TTXSPL and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The two Lowest TCs are adjacent
2. TTXSP1 > 5 TTXSPL and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The 2nd and 3rd Lowest TCs are Adjacent
3. All Spreads are > TTXSPLTrip : Any of the above Conditions exists
for more than 9 Sec
Recommended