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Game of Drones How to Integrate safely RPAS in the airspace
Baptiste Tripard
Sales Manager
A sensor for every application
High-end RGB
12MP, raw,
shutter priority
Near-infrared
12MP, near
infrared
Red-edge
12MP, red-edge
Multispectral
4 bands
including
NIR & RE
ThermoMAP
thermal camera
Standard RGB
16MP
Applications
GIS / conservation
Hawaii
Damage assessment following a volcano eruption on Big Island
Race for Water project
Agriculture
Range of beneficial applications
• Water and nitrogen management
• Drainage tiles analysis
• Insurance claims
• Yield prediction
Mining / survey
Calculating volume extraction in Chile
• One of world’s largest open pits
• 3 km across, total depth 1,000 m
• 100,000 tons per day
• Lidar data collection problematic:
– Security risk (cliff top locations)
– Blind spot due to topography
• 10 GCPs set
• 6 x 30-min eBee flights
• 3D DTM created
• Volume measured
• Repeated 4 weeks later
“Our two-man team completed each
of its mapping sessions in a single day,
compared to seven using lidar” Eric Romersa, WSdata3D co-founder
What is the point in common?
Agriculture Mining / Survey GIS /
conservation
Cruise altitude < 150 m < 150 m < 150 m
Density of
population on
the ground
Very low Very low Low to dense
Frequency of
operations Daily to weekly Daily to weekly Daily to weekly
Flight authorizations
Regulations
Why regulations are necessary?
• Preserve safety and privacy
• Define liability principles
• Keep an equivalent level of safety (as manned aircrafts)
“The integration of RPAS will be
based on the principle that all
operations will have an equivalent
level of safety in comparison to
regular, manned, aviation.”
What does it concretely mean?
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
The equivalent level of safety
• MIT proposed a method to
compute and compare level of
safety between manned and
unmanned.
• Ex.: Current aviation operations
impose a risk to the general public
on the order of 5x10-7 fatalities per
hour of operation.
• ELS: Estimated Level of Safety (nb of occurrences / flight hours)
• MTBF: Mean Time Before Failure (leading to an uncontrolled crash)
• Aexp: Area of exposure (depending
on aircraft size & shape)
• ρ: Population density
• PPen: Probability of penetration (depending on
vehicle energy)
Ex. Ground Impact Hazard Analysis
Setting desired level of safety allows to compute minimum MTBF for a
given aircraft, situation, etc.
How to minimize the ELS?
Golf ball Soccer Ball eBee Small UAS
Weight (g) 46 450 700 2 000
Kinetic
energy (J) 150 100 60 600
- Using ultra-light aircrafts
How to minimize the ELS?
Out of working area
Low Battery
GPS loss
Strong wind conditions
Radio link loss
AUTOPILOT
SAFETY eBee ELS = 5x10-9
- Automatic management of critical situations
Interesting results (example)
<0.9kg 0.9 to 14kg 14 to 450kg
Flight authorizations for the eBee
< 2 kg
United States
Italy
UK
Netherlands
Ireland Czech Republic
Sweden
Germany
Norway
Australia
Canada
France
Denmark
Switzerland
Conclusion
• The ELS framework allows to estimate:
how reliable a system needs to be, depending on
the use case
the practical impact of weight, speed, size,
population density, traffic density, etc.
• According to the EU Commission, ELS should be the
main principle underlying the rule making process and
there are methods to calculate it!
• Some countries have already opened their regulations
based on those criteria (< 2 kg in non-congested areas)
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