FWS protection bonobo sector final · Protection of the Bonobo Sector around the New National Park...

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Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Project 1235!Ave.!Poids!Lourds!

Kinshasa,!DR!Congo!+243=(0)=898!052!396!

www.bonoboincongo.com!

FINAL REPORT USFWS – Great Ape Conservation Fund

Protection of the Bonobo Sector around the New National Park

in the TL2 landscape of DR Congo

Cooperative Agreement Number: F12AP00653 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Ape Conservation Act

Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Inc.

Project Director: Dr. Terese B. Hart

Start Date: 18 July 2012 End Date: 18 July 2013

This report covers: April 2013-July 2013

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TABLE,OF,CONTENTS,,, , PAGE,Narrative,Text, ,, Mid*term,executive,summary, 3,, Longitude,and,Latitude, 3,, Objectives,with,activities,undertaken,during,final,

months,4,

, Problems,encountered,relative,to,anticipated,outputs, ,, Assessment,of,impact,relative,to,expected,conservation,

outcomes,,

, Cooperation,and,collaboration, ,Financial,Status,Report, ,, All,donors,,2012, ,, Federal,Financial,Report,(sent,separately), ,,,TABLES,AND,FIGURES,,Figure,1, Ngondo,Comparison,2008,&,2013*,bonobo,

presence,and,hunting.,,

Figure,2, Bafundo,Comparison,2008,&,2013–,bonobo,presence,and,hunting.,

,

Figure,3, Bar,graph,comparison,bonobo,presence,and,hunting,intensity,at,two,times,and,at,two,sites.,

,

Figure,4, Surrounding,populations., ,Table,1, Geographic,coordinates,of,4,permanent,camps., ,Table,2, Bonobo,and,hunting,inventories,at,two,sites,and,

two,times,on,the,periphery,of,future,park.,,

Table,3, Information,concerning,surrounding,populations, ,Table,4, Grants,and,disbursements,of,funding,period, ,,,ANNEXES,,Annex,1, Statute,creating,a,Provincial,Reserve,of,the,

Northern,part,of,the,future,Lomami,National,Park,,

Annex,2, Map,giving,the,final,limits,of,the,future,Lomami,Naitonal,Park,(sent&separately),

,

Annex,3, Modifications,made,to,previous,map,of,the,future,Lomami,National,Park,

,

Annex,4, Federal,Financial,Report,(sent&separately), ,,

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NARRATIVE&TEXT,,,Final&executive&summary&&Project,purpose,–,results,–,achievements,,Purpose:,,,A,provincial,statute,,(11Nov2010,,No.10/048/CAB/GP/MMA/2010),banned,all,hunting,in,the,future,Lomami,National,Park,,an,area,of,2500,km2,in,Maniema,Province.,This,is,the,future,park’s,area,of,highest,bonobo,density,and,an,area,where,the,bonobos,make,up,a,distinct,genetic,assemblage,(2013,,Kawamoto,et,al).,,Although,the,provincial,ban,is,an,important,assurance,for,the,persistence,of,this,eastern,population,,3/4,of,,these,bonobos,were,outside,of,the,protected,area,and,thus,without,any,surveillance.,,We,want,to,know,if,this,population,has,been,significantly,reduced,by,hunting.,We,want,to,encourage,local,surveillance,and,protection,of,at,least,part,of,these,buffer*zone,bonobos.,,We,hope,to,do,so,by,assuring,legal,recognition,and,local,control,of,a,community,forest,,giving,local,populations,an,incentive,to,monitor,their,own,hunting,within,the,forest.,,We,feel,that,the,only,enduring,way,to,protect,the,bonobos,outside,the,park,is,in,conjunction,with,local,villagers.,,We,also,feel,that,at,this,point,,in,DR,Congo,,it,is,counterproductive,to,have,a,national,protected,area,of,any,sort,that,includes,human,population,without,developing,an,important,collaborative,role,for,that,population.,,This,proposal,,(F12AP00653),,saw,through,the,first,steps,of,this,process,in,the,bonobo,forests,adjacent,to,the,Lomami,Park,in,Maniema,Province.,,Bonobo,and,large,mammal,populations,were,assessed,outside,of,the,park,,human,livelihood,and,attitudes,were,also,assessed,,and,the,steps,towards,monitoring,and,proposed,protection,designed.,,We,are,aware,that,we,are,on,experimental,ground,with,community,participation,and,thus,are,moving,forward,with,several,possibilities,and,progressively.,,We,want,to,avoid,statements,or,alliances,that,will,cause,backlash.,,Over,the,final,four,months,of,this,grant,we,have,been,able,to,take,our,initial,actions,a,bit,further,than,reported,in,the,midterm,and,to,set,up,for,continuation,of,some,critical,initiatives,through,the,more,recent,FWS,grant,“Local,monitoring,and,protection,of,TL2,forests,around,the,future,Lomami,National,Park.”,,Below,we,report,activities,carried,out,on,the,earlier,grant,including,new,activities,that,were,not,previously,reported.,,In,summary,the,activities,this,grant,has,allowed,to,move,forward,include:,

1. Establish,and,put,in,operation,two,new,project,bases,in,the,buffer,area,(reported,here,and,mid*term);,

2. Hold,an,in*the*field,training,for,individuals,involved,in,bonobo,inventory,and,monitoring,*,including,local,people,who,work,with,us,(report,in,midterm);,

3. Proceed,with,bonobo,and,large,mammal,inventory,in,two,targeted,buffer,zones,where,high,bonobo,densities,were,found,during,a,first,inventory,in,2008*2009,(reported,here,and,in,midterm,,baseline,presented,here,,monitoring,to,get,underway);,

4. Re*assessment,of,bonobo,population,within,the,park,zone,(midterm,,analyses,still,under,way),and,

5. Maintenance,of,surveillance,in,the,park,zone,,working,with,park,service,–ICCN,(here,and,midterm).,,

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We,also,continued,an,,6. Assessment,that,was,underway,of,basic,parameters,of,human,population,around,and,in,the,bonobo,zone,(here,and,midterm);,,

after,which,we,started,,7. Community,work,with,one,string,of,villages,running,parallel,with,the,park,border.,Our,end*goal,is,to,create,a,community,forest.,(report,in,midterm,and,a,continuing,initiative),,

The,community,forest,experiment,would,legally,return,local,forest,control,to,the,population,with,associated,responsibilities,for,forest,and,wildlife,conservation.,,If,successful,we,hope,to,extend,this,process,to,other,zones,around,the,park.,,,,Longitude&and&Latitude&(same&points&as&in&midterm&report)&,The,future,park,is,located,south,of,the,equator,in,central,DR,Congo.,The,bonobo,zone,includes,the,southern,2500,km2,of,the,park,and,adjacent,areas,in,Maniema,Province,and,Kasai,Oriental.,,The,waypoints,of,four,permanent,camps,used,as,bases,for,active,monitoring,of,the,bonobo,zone,and,its,periphery,are,given,below,in,TABLE&1,and,shown,on,figure,one,of,the,midterm,and,shown,in,this,final,report,in,FIGURE&3.,,These,bases,are,all,outside,of,the,park.,Three,are,in,Maniema,province,and,one,,Katopa,,is,in,Kasai,Oriental,province.,,The,new,base,camps,,built,during,this,grant,period,are,hi*lighted,in,green,in,Table,1,,below.,,Table&1.,Locations,of,four,permanent,field*camps,in,bonobo,zone,

Permanent,field,camps,

Latitude, Longitude,

, , ,Katopa, *2.74669, 25.10081,Oluo, *2.53609, 25.32610,Bafundo, *2.09817, 25.55994,Ngondo, *2.79959, 25.48626,

,,Objectives&with&associated&activities&undertaken&,

a. OBJECTIVE:&Gain&information&about&the&distribution,&abundance&and&threat&to&bonobos&in&the&southern&“reserve”&area&around&the&Lomami&National&Park.&

,Activity'1.&&Mammal&inventories&in&bonobo&zone:,,,,As,reported,in,the,Midterm,report,,inventories,for,the,baseline,bonobo,density,started,in,the,bufferzone,at,Yolongo,,in,February,2013.,,The,two,team*leaders,for,the,surveys,in,this,block,are,Pablo,Ayali,and,Jean,Pierre,Kapale.,,Since,then,,in,June,2013,,inventories,got,underway,in,the,Ngondo,sector.,,Team,leaders,here,are,Omene,Lizwi,(called,Omo),and,Ephrem,Mpaka.,,Both,Jean,Pierre,and,Omo,are,native,to,the,TL2,landscape,and,were,present,at,the,training,described,in,the,midterm,report.,,At,Yolongo,(=Bafundo):,The,area,was,actually,moved,farther,west,and,closer,to,the,park,than,initially,anticipated,due,to,low,presence,of,bonobos,in,the,first,blocks,surveyed.,,The,current,survey,area,is,now,more,appropriately,called,the,Bafundo,survey,block.,,It,was,only,on,the,west,side,of,a,significant,river,,MakaliMakali,,that,bonobos,became,common.,

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,At,Ngondo:,,The,area,covered,differs,from,that,proposed,in,the,midterm,report,(see,fig,1,of,midterm).,,The,critical,area,for,protection,,in,order,to,assure,security,of,the,park,is,the,forest,contiguous,with,the,limit,of,the,park.,,If,the,Ngondo,community,has,no,control,over,this,forest,or,shares,its,control,with,the,Oleke,/Makoka,villages,,we,will,have,to,change,the,communities,with,whom,we,work.,,We,still,hope,to,survey,the,forest,east,of,Ngondo,as,the,community,desired,,but,that,will,not,be,the,forest,that,we,prioritize,for,community,forest,legislation,and,community,monitoring.,,In,the,park:,We,have,concentrated,on,the,Bohwa,(Boa),transects.,,Although,a,second,area,,Mpechi,was,shown,on,the,midterm,map,(fig,1*,midterm),we,have,not,yet,moved,transects,into,the,area.,,Nevertheless,,this,second,area,has,continued,to,have,regular,patrols.,,Whereas,the,transects,are,concentrated,on,the,Bohwa,area,we,also,are,expanding,the,path,system,so,as,to,get,a,better,fix,on,the,distribution,and,movements,of,bonobos,throughout,the,bonobo,sector,included,in,the,park.,,A,first,map,comparing,2008*9,surveys,with,those,of,2013,are,presented,for,Ngondo,in,FIGURE&1,and,for,Bafundo,in,FIGURE&2.,,These,show,distribution,and,relative,density,of,bonobos,and,intensity,of,hunting,for,each,time,period.,,The,2013,cells,on,the,far,west,of,the,Ngondo,block,had,not,been,completed,at,the,time,of,the,last,data,transfer,(3,weeks,ago),,but,they,have,now,been,completed.,,A,data,transfer,by,thuraya,was,adequate,to,include,results,into,the,quantified,comparison,shown,in,the,bar,graph,(FIGURE&3)&and,the,results,table,(TABLE&2).,,,We,believe,that,the,establishment,of,monitoring,zones,outside,of,the,park,is,critical,as,it,gives,us,the,best,measure,of,the,impact,of,our,efforts,,not,only,the,impact,of,the,Park,itself,but,also,of,our,work,with,the,population,on,its,periphery.,The,long*term,goal,is,to,place,a,greater,responsibility,for,ongoing,monitoring,in,the,hands,of,the,community,itself.,,The,community’s,rights,and,obligations,will,be,defined,by,creating,community,forest,with,a,clear,set,of,rules,and,a,management,prescription,which,the,community,helps,to,codify.,,The,two,pilot,areas,inventoried,here,will,also,be,our,first,candidates,for,legislation,to,create,Community,Forests.,,We,based,the,choice,on,results,of,the,initial,2007*08,inventory,of,the,TL2,landscape:,,the,Ngondo,Block,,(675,km2),in,the,traditional,homeland,(Sector),of,the,Bangengele,,,and,Bafundo,Block,(275,km2),in,Balanaga,,Sector.,,Both,blocks,contained,important,concentrations,of,bonobos,and,other,wildlife,in,2008;,however,,the,same,inventories,revealed,both,blocks,threatened,by,high,levels,of,hunting.,,,BELOW,:,,FIGURE,1.,,,Ngondo,Site,comparison,of,2008*9,surveys,and,2013,surveys,for,bonobo,distribution/relative,frequeny,sign,and,hunting,sign,frequency.,,FIGURE,2.,,Bafundo,Site,comparison,of,2008*9,surveys,and,2013,surveys,for,bonobo,distribution/relative,frequeny,sign,and,hunting,sign,frequency.,,FIGURE,3.,,Graphed,results,of,2008*9,surveys,and,2013,surveys,at,Ngondo,and,Bafundo.,,

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FIGURE,3.,,Graphed,results,of,2008*9,surveys,and,2013,surveys,at,Ngondo,and,Bafundo.,

,

,

,

The,2013,base,line,survey,of,these,same,forest,blocks,was,designed,to,assess,change,in,the,

distribution,and,relative,abundance,of,bonobos,and,of,other,large,mammals.,,,It,also,

allowed,a,comparative,view,of,the,intensity,and,distribution,of,hunting,activity.,,The,

baseline,will,allow,communities,to,evaluate,their,ability,to,maintain,the,value,of,these,

blocks,for,continued,community,hunting,while,protecting,endangered,species,such,as,

bonobos.,

,

These,areas,are,both,east,of,the,limits,of,the,Lomami,National,Park.,,The,Ngondo,and,

Bafundo,blocks,are,in,forests,that,are,open,to,exploitation,without,any,special,restrictions,

on,hunting,,settlement,,agriculture,,other,uses.,,,We,propose,that,they,be,protected,by,

statutes,,agreed,by,the,communities,and,that,involve,continued,but,controlled,use.,

,

,

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TABLE,2.,Reconnaissance,,(recce),survey,encounter,rates,for,bonobo,nests,and,hunting,sign,

recorded,on,,2008,and,2013,base,line,surveys,in,the,Bafundo,and,Ngondo,community,

conservation,blocks,in,the,buffer,zone,of,the,Lomami,National,Park.,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

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Methods:"The,2007*08,and,2013,inventories,that,recorded,large,mammal,sign,,including,bonobo,

nests,,and,evidence,of,hunting,,used,a,combination,of,two,techniques:,,reconnaissance,

surveys,(recce),and,transect,counts.,,The,recce/transects,in,2008,were,designed,to,cover,

the,southern,portion,of,the,landscape,(12,000,km2).,,The,2013,placement,was,designed,to,

provide,higher,density,coverage,for,smaller,areas,with,the,intention,that,these,blocks,will,

then,be,monitored.,,In,both,studies,,field,teams,recorded,the,same,faunal,and,human,sign.,,,

,

In,2013,,at,Ngondo,,the,teams,used,recces,only,when,moving,between,transects.,,On,

transects,they,again,made,the,same,data,observations,except,they,also,took,perpendicular,

distance,measures,from,the,line,to,the,observation,point;,this,allows,for,further,analysis., ,,

,

The,comparisons,shown,here,of,bonobo,presence,and,hunting,level,are,based,on,results,

from,recce,data,only.,,This,is,because,transect,coverage,was,widely,variable,between,2008,

and,2013,,and,between,Bafundo,and,Ngondo.,,Recce,coverage,was,comparable,between,

years,,with,the,majority,of,5km,x,5km,survey,grid,cells,covered,by,recces,during,both,count,

periods.,

,

,

Results:,,

Recce/transect,coverage,and,relative,frequency,(within,year),of,bonobo,and,hunting,sign,

are,presented,for,the,two,blocks,in,Figures,1,and,2.,,Results,are,summarized,giving,a,

between,year,comparison,in,Table,2.,,This,is,presented,graphically,in,Figure,3.,

,

In,2008,encounter,rates,for,bonobo,nests,were,higher,in,the,Ngondo,Block,than,in,Bafundo,

Block.,,By,2013,,however,,the,situation,was,reversed,,with,the,Bafundo,encounter,rates,only,

slightly,lower,than,in,2008,,but,with,a,large,drop,in,frequency,at,Ngondo,over,the,same,

period.,

,

Site year km Nest groups nests Hunting

sign count 126.7 57 195 158

Rate (per km) 2008

0.45 1.54 1.25

count 110.4 26 91 57 Ngondo

Rate (per km) 2013

0.24 0.82 0.52

count 86.8 22 107 52 Rate (per km)

2008 0.25 1.23 0.60

count 74.4 18 75 34

Bafundo

Rate (per km) 2013

0.24 1.01 0.46

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Encounters,of,hunting,sign,showed,similar,trends.,Rates,were,high,in,Ngondo,in,2008,and,

dropped,in,2013.,,Hunting,sign,encounters,were,comparable,between,2008,and,2013,in,the,

Bafundo,Block.,

,

Interpretation:,

These,results,present,only,relative,abundance,and,distribution,,however,several,trends,are,

evident:,

,

1),The,spatial,distribution,of,bonobo,occurrence,in,Ngondo,Block,,and,in,particular,the,

location,of,cells,with,highest,encounter,rates,,was,very,similar,between,2008,and,2013.,,

This,was,not,the,case,for,Bafundo,where,areas,of,high,relative,bonobo,abundance,varied,

between,2008,and,2013,surveys.,,,

,

The,areas,of,preferred,bonobo,habitat,may,be,more,limited,spatially,in,Ngondo,than,in,

Bafundo.,,This,is,indeed,possible,given,that,open,savannas,,not,used,by,bonobos,,comprised,

a,much,larger,portion,of,the,Ngondo,Block,than,the,Bafundo,block.,,

,

Bonobo,conservation,in,Ngondo,should,focus,on,areas,of,consistently,highest,bonobo,

occurrence.,

,

2),,In,Ngondo,Block,,evidence,of,hunting,dropped,three*fold,between,2008,and,2013.,It,is,

not,possible,to,explain,this,reduction,with,the,data,presented,here,,however,,this,might,be,

due,to,hunters,turning,to,other,activities,(or,other,areas),as,wildlife,populations,declined,in,

the,survey,block.,,This,would,be,supported,if,trends,in,relative,abundance,of,duikers,and,

primates,,the,primary,targets,of,hunters,,also,declined,over,the,5*year,period.,,A,data,set,for,

a,900,km2,survey,block,to,the,north,of,Ngondo,Block,supports,this,explanation.,,The,data,

has,also,been,collected,for,Ngondo,and,will,soon,be,analyzed.,

,

Other,factors,may,also,play,a,role.,,Between,2008,and,2013,,hunters,may,have,changed,

their,tactics,to,use,methods,whose,sign,is,less,frequently,encountered,on,surveys.,,Snare,

hunters,leave,evidence,readily,seen,on,recces,and,transects.,,Shot,gun,hunters,do,not,leave,

such,readily,detectable,sign.,

,

In,any,case,,it,is,clear,that,conservation,efforts,must,focus,now,on,the,remaining,hunters,

still,using,the,area.,,These,may,be,among,the,most,dedicated,hunters,and,most,resistant,to,

controls,and,regulations.,,As,other,fauna,declines,,the,block’s,remaining,bonobos,may,be,

coming,under,ever,greater,risk,.,,

,

,3),,By,comparison,with,Ngondo,Block,,at,Bafundo,both,bonobo,occurrence,and,hunting,sign,

remained,relatively,stable,over,the,five,year,period.,,How,this,relates,to,the,apparently,

more,dynamic,use,of,space,by,bonobos,is,not,yet,clear.,

,

Next"Steps."The,comparison,of,results,between,the,2008,and,2013,inventory,surveys,of,the,same,blocks,

must,now,be,translated,into,hunting,regulations,and,forest,practices,that,protect,bonobos.,,

These,must,be,accepted,by,the,community,and,serve,as,the,basis,for,management,and,

protection,of,community,forests.,

,

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It,is,also,important,that,the,indices,of,occurrence,and,relative,abundance,presented,here,be,

confirmed,with,more,robust,assessments,of,population,density,and,changes,over,time.,,This,

is,planned,as,a,monitoring,program,currently,underway,that,is,based,on,successive,bonobo,

nest,counts,along,the,same,representative,sample,of,transects,that,measures,their,

accumulation,over,time.,,

,

At,the,same,time,,we,must,continue,to,monitor,hunting.,,We,can,only,determine,if,

community,based,conservation,efforts,are,protecting,bonobos,in,the,TL2,landscape,if,we,

can,show,that,the,threat,of,uncontrolled,hunting,has,diminished,and,that,bonobo,

populations,do,not,continue,to,decline.,

,

,

,

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Activity'2.""Support"ICCN"(national"parks"administration)"in"control"of"bonobo"poaching.""""In,the,midterm,we,mentioned,two,unfortunate,surveillance,cases,in,which,poachers,fired,

on,our,unarmed,monitors.,,Because,the,handling,of,the,first,case,was,very,unsatisfactory,we,

handled,the,second,case,differently,,with,much,better,results.,,See,these,two,accounts:,,,

,

http://www.bonoboincongo.com/2012/10/22/ambush*by*armed*poachers*in*congo/,

,

http://www.bonoboincongo.com/2013/07/27/take*it*to*court*but*the*final*word*is*with*

the*elders/,

,

At,the,time,that,the,midterm,was,written,we,had,only,four,guards,helping,us,to,patrol,the,

whole,southern,part,of,the,park,(2500,km2).,,This,has,now,been,reduced,to,three,as,one,,

older,guard,,was,retired,back,to,his,home,village,in,Kivu.,We,are,currently,in,negotiation,

with,GIZ,to,see,if,we,cannot,move,forward,with,recruitment,and,training,of,ICCN,park,

guards,before,the,national,park,is,declared.,,This,possibility,has,become,much,more,tenable,

as,the,governor,of,Oriental,Province,has,also,declared,the,portion,of,the,potential,and,

delimited,national,protected,area,in,his,jurisdiction,to,be,a,provincial,park,with,all,the,rules,

of,a,national,park,(ANNEX"1,:,Arrêté,provincial,no,01/JBS/089/CQB/PROCOU/P.0/2013,du,12/08/2013).,,

,

Recently,(22,September,2013),I,met,with,the,Director,General,,DG,Cosma,,of,the,ICCN,and,

the,ICCN,Director,in,charge,of,Maniema.,,The,DG,is,eager,to,move,ahead,to,National,park,

status,for,the,combined,current,provincial,protected,areas,and,proposes,that,the,proposal,

be,moved,to,the,Prime,Minister,as,soon,as,we,complete,a,last,step.,,We,still,need,to,get,a,

final,legal,opinion,that,officially,relocates,the,village,of,Obenge,outside,of,the,park.,,,

,

The,TL2,project,was,able,to,present,the,DG,with,a,final,map,of,the,future,Lomami,National,

Park,,(ANNEX"2,,sent,separately),after,final,modifications,shown,in,ANNEX"3.,,The,modifications,of,annex,3,consist,of,pulling,the,limit,inside,of,two,small,extant,villages,

(Mukwara,and,Lokobekobe),,redefining,the,limit,in,one,area,of,Maniema,based,on,

recommendations,of,local,chiefs,,and,several,alterations,based,on,better,understanding,of,

the,hydrology.,

,

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,

b. OBJECTVE:"Develop"a"bonoboKmonitoring"program"for"the"southern"“reserve”"sector"and"train"local"people"and"ICCN"to"use"it."

,

Activity'3.""Develop"bonobo"monitoring"capacity"within"the"“reserve”"sector.",

The,training,course,that,was,held,during,February,and,March,was,reported,in,the,mid*term,

report.,

,

During,the,latter,months,of,this,grant’s,operational,period,we,continued,with,experience*

based,training.,,Many,individuals,from,the,TL2,region,have,increased,their,capacity,for,field,

monitoring,and,inventory,,including,two,college,graduates,,Matthieu,Mirambo,and,Jeanne,

Mbey.,,Also,significant,are,a,couple,of,field,assistants,integrated,into,the,monitoring,

program,that,are,from,the,actual,villages,that,we,hope,to,include,in,the,community,forest,

experiments.,

,

Very,important,for,all,monitoring,is,to,have,clearly,understood,park,limits,and,clearly,

differentiated,permissible,activities,for,either,side,of,the,park,border.,,Although,bonobo,

hunting,is,not,permissible,anywhere,,it,was,important,to,redraw,the,park,limit,in,northern,

Maniema,according,to,the,understanding,of,local,villagers,so,that,they,understood,where,

hunting,could,and,couldn’t,occur,and,where,patrols,would,and,would,not,occur.,,The,new,

limit,modification,in,northern,Maniema,shown,in,Annex,3,was,in,response,to,the,request,by,

villages,that,hunt,in,the,area,of,the,Bafundo,transects.,,It,is,important,to,maintain,

collaborative,relations,with,them.,

!!

c. OBJECTIVE:"Build"a"consensus"for"protection"of"bonobos"including"consensus"for"creation"of"a"zoned"reserve"around"the"Lomami"National"Park."

,

Activity'4.""""Village"outreach"and"socioKeconomic"survey"!During,2012,and,2013,teams,moved,through,all,the,villages,surrounding,the,future,PN,

Lomami,to,collect,basic,population,information,and,to,sound,out,villagers,on,aspects,of,

their,lives,pertinent,to,the,park.,,In,Maniema,Province,there,are,principally,two,ethnic,

groups,,the,,Balanga,and,the,Bangengele.,,In,Kasai,Oriental,,although,traditional,leadership,

is,given,to,the,Tetela,the,ethnic,mix,also,includes,Langa,,Mbole,and,Arabisé.,,These,are,

combined,here,on,FIGURE"4,by,their,sector,name,,Watambola.,,Each,of,the,6,different,groupings,of,villages,shown,in,Figure,4,had,enough,internal,cohesion,based,on,a,

combination,of,ethnicity,,isolation,,,and,common,leaders,to,warrant,being,lumped.,,All,6,

groups,have,some,dependence,on,bushmeat,hunting,and,for,some,it,is,by,far,the,main,

source,of,income.,,Other,basic,population,information,is,shown,in,Table"3.,,

Some,notable,results,include:,

1. Hunting,is,not,the,major,source,of,household,income,in,the,south,and,southwest.,,The,main,hunting,pressure,comes,from,the,Bangengele,Center,and,North,and,the,

Balanga,East,and,West.,

2. Despite,the,poor,quality,of,education,and,the,distance,most,children,must,go,to,reach,schools,,education,fees,are,often,the,most,common,use,of,cash.,

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FIGURE,4,:,Population,groups,that,were,asked,a,similar,series,of,questions,village,by,village.,,Some,summary,results,in,Table,3,below.,

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,,,,TABLE,3.,Information,concerning,the,surrounding,populations,,, Balanga,

Ouest,Balanga,,Est,

Ngengele,Nord,

Ngengele,Centre,

Ngengele,Sud,

Watambola,Nord,

Number,of,Villages, 10, 14, 9, 8, 16, 20,Number,of,Houses, 410, 405, 463, 309, 800, 1250,Adult,population, 855, 1107, 958, 453, 1700, 5243,Children,15,yrs,and,under, 730, 951, 1043, 503, 1710, 3759,Children,in,school, 282, 481, 300, 190, 784, 1964,Primary,school,(6,yrs), 0, 2, 2, 1, 6, 9,Secondary,school,(partial,at,least), 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 4,Hunting,main,source,of,revenue, 62%, 94%, 91%, 92%, 31%, 36%,Last,use,of,cash:,education, 25%, 40%, 52%, 32%, 33%, 58%,Last,use,of,cash:,medical, 35%, 21%, 19%, 28%, 36%, 19%,Hours,walk,to,hunting,area, 2,hrs, 16,hrs, 3,hrs, 5,hrs, 3,hrs, 4,hrs,Days,gone,per,hunt, 5,days, 39,days, 8,days, 9,days, 9,days, 24,days,

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,Activity'5.!!Village!monitoring!,Once,INCEF,is,in,the,field,,which,will,happen,before,the,end,of,this,month,,we,will,keep,closer,tabs,on,the,critical,villages.,,We,are,going,to,have,TL2,personnel,working,closely,with,Saturnin,Ibata,and,the,cameraman,,Anatole.,,,Leon,Salumu,and,possibly,Omo,Lizwi,will,be,involved.,,Both,have,long,experience,with,the,TL2,project.,,,Their,more,consistent,presence,in,the,villages,and,with,the,INCEF,teams,will,be,critical,to,move,the,villagers,towards,more,active,integration,in,monitoring,their,forests,outside,the,park.,,Activity'6.!!!Involve!local!and!national!institutions!!,We,have,not,made,very,substantial,progress,since,the,midterm,report.,,A,provincial,deputy,,Bushiri,,has,agreed,to,help,us,establish,the,legal,basis,and,definition,of,a,community,forest,,but,because,of,other,initiatives,preferred,to,work,starting,the,end,of,this,month.,,I,have,recently,met,with,him,and,we,have,together,set,out,the,steps,to,follow,to,advance,legal,standing,for,community,forests,in,the,provincial,assembly.,,We,shall,have,a,first,presentation,with,INCEF,in,Kindu,in,less,than,a,week.,,,Problems!encountered!relative!to!anticipated!outputs!,I,would,say,that,the,only,real,problem,encountered,was,that,everything,seems,to,take,longer,than,predicted,,particularly,when,working,with,the,villages.,,I,firmly,believe,,however,that,it,is,essential,to,not,push,too,fast,or,try,to,jump,some,steps,to,make,it,seem,that,we,have,made,more,progress,than,,in,reality,,we,have.,,We,have,now,defined,the,areas,in,which,we,want,to,work;,the,next,step,is,to,determine,what,villages,consider,these,to,include,their,traditional,forest,and,to,develop,a,definition,of,“community,forest”,that,they,consider,acceptable.,,Assessment!of!impact!relative!to!expected!conservation!outcomes!!,We,are,now,well,set,up,to,measure,the,impact,of,our,work,over,the,long,term,as,regards,bonobo,population,stability,in,different,areas,where,our,own,investment,in,conservation,varies.,,We,have,determined,distribution,and,relative,abundance,in,areas,that,will,be,reassessed,,one,in,the,park,and,two,outside,,and,nest,accumulation,data,will,allow,us,to,compare,changes,in,bonobo,abundance,over,time,in,these,areas.,The,outcomes,that,will,allow,us,to,push,towards,these,goals,include,a,training,for,inventory,and,monitoring,occurring,just,adjacent,to,the,bonobo,sector,,two,local,university,graduates,and,four,local,team,leaders,(two,from,bonobo,sector),who,participated,in,this,training…all,continue,to,work,with,the,project;,we,have,established,relative,abundance,and,distribution,of,bonobos,in,the,key,areas.,

,Cooperation!and!Collaboration!,Our,main,institutional,collaborators,have,been,ICCN,,the,FARDC,and,GIZ.,,ICCN,is,the,parks,agency,and,has,3,park,guards,helping,us,monitor,the,southern,part,of,the,park,(a,fourth,went,into,retirement).,,FARDC,is,involved,in,a,search,for,criminals,hiding,in,the,forest.,,Two,military,regions,collaborate,with,us:,the,9th,out,of,Kisangani,and,the,7th,out,of,Kindu.,,We,

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have,helped,them,with,communications,and,rations.,,It,is,however,our,desire,to,reduce,the,number,of,military,operating,in,the,TL2,and,increase,the,number,of,guards.,,GIZ,,the,German,aid,organization,,along,with,KfW,,the,German,bank,,are,planning,an,intervention,in,the,future,Lomami,National,Park.,,They,have,helped,in,a,number,of,small,ways,over,the,past,year.,,,FINANCIAL!STATUS!REPORT!,!Below,TABLE!4!gives,a,financial,report,that,includes,funds,in,hand,at,the,time,the,proposal,was,submitted,as,well,as,grants,received,afterwards,and,that,were,used,in,conjunction,with,the,USFWS,cooperative,agreement,#,F12AP00653,,“Protection,of,the,Bonobo,Sector,around,the,New,National,Park,in,the,TL2,Landscape,of,DR,Congo.”,,We,have,sent,separately,the,Federal,Financial,Report.,,In,Table,4,below,,the,USFWS,grants,other,than,the,one,reported,here,are,shaded,in,blue.,The,other,columns,show,the,matching,funds,announced,as,confirmed,in,the,proposal.,,These,include:,,

1. Full,Circle,150,000,,all,of,which,was,acquired,and,used,2. WoodTiger,,80,000;,this,was,increased,to,120,for,2012,and,an,additional,80,000,was,

given,in,2013,3. GFA,74,000;,this,was,increased,to,96,000,with,additional,GIZ,funding,

Other,funding,which,allowed,us,to,cover,the,deficit,that,was,still,apparent,in,the,proposal,include:,

4. Individual,supporters,giving,a,total,amount,of,84,750,,5. Arcus,Foundation,that,is,supporting,us,this,year,with,a,grant,of,200,000,as,well,as,an,

additional,support,that,covered,a,visit,made,to,our,site.,,

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,TABLE,4.,,Grants,to,the,TL2,Project,and,disbursements,during,the,period,from,submission,to,completed,execution,of,F12AP00653,,

,,,,

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,,,Annex%2%is%sent%separately,,=,Map,showing,updated,limits,of,the,future,Lomami,National,Park.,,The,park,now,exists,as,two,provincial,parks,in,Maniema,and,Orientale,,

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,,Annex%3,shows,the,most,recent,and,final,modifications,to,the,border,of,the,future,Lomami,National,Park.,,Changes,made,to,exclude,two,villages,,to,accommodate,the,request,of,some,chiefs,and,to,follow,reflect,a,better,understanding,of,the,hydrology.,,