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Fw: CC Plume - CLU-IN Presentation by Landmeyer Stephen Smith to: Debbie Jourdan

Stephen P. Smith U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Office of Environmental Accountability 61 Forsyth Street, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Ph: (404) 562-9554 Fax: (404) 562-9486 smith .stephen@epa .gov

07/09/201210:26 AM

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From: To: Date: Subject:

Stephen Smith/R4/USEPA/US Karen Singer/R4/USEPA/US@EPA 04/25/2012 03:47PM CC Plume- CLU-IN Presentation by Landmeyer

NARPM-Presents-Capitai-City-Piume-Site-for-4-9-2012ppt.ppt

Stephen P. Smith U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Office of Environmental Accountability 61 Forsyth Street, S.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Ph: (404) 562-9554 Fax: (404) 562-9486 smith .stephen@epa .gov

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This message is being sent by or on behalf of an attorney. It is intended exclusively for the individual(s) or entity(ies) to whom or to which it is addressed. This communication may contain information that is proprietary, privileged, or confidential or otherwise legally exempt from disclosure. If you are not the named addressee, you are not authorized to read , print, retain, copy, or disseminate this message or any part of it. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately by email and delete all copies of the message.

Welcome to the CLU-IN Internet Seminar

NARPM Presents ... Using Science to Find Solutions at Superfund Sites- The Benefit of EPA and USGS Collaboration

Sponsored by: U.S. EPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation

Delivered: April 19, 2012, 1:00PM - 3:00 PM, EDT (17:00-19:00 GMT)

Instructors: James Landmeyer. Ph.D., U.S. Geological Survey (jlandmey@usgs.gov or (803) 750-5128) W. Russell Keslfe. Jr .. P.G .. U.S. EPA Region 4 (Kestfe.rosly@epa.gov or (404) 562·81319)

Sco/1 Miffcr, U.S. EPA Region 4 (Milfcr.~cott@cpa.gov or (404) 562 9120 MOde fa lOt'S.'

J&an Batenl, U.S. EPA. Technology Innovation and Field Services DMsion (bef&nt.jeen@epa .gov or 703-603-9924)

Visit the Clean Up Information Network online at www.cluin.om

1

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2

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With that, please move to sl ide 3.

2

·ng Science to Find Solutions a

Superfund Sites-The Benefit EPA and USGS Col/aborati

3

4

EUSGS ........ ~wwtl

5

Challenges for RPMs at Superfund Sites:

• /{low-hanging" fruit has been picked

• Who are the PRPs?

• Are there potential VI issues?

• Case Study at the Capital City Plume (CCP) Site, Montgomery, AL

6

II USGS ............. -*'

6

In 2008, EPA Region IV asked the USGS the

following question:

"Why are PCE and TCE concentrations in groundwater at the Capital City Plume (CCP) Site not going down ?N

EUSGS -----·~wwtl

7

8

... almost 17 year.s had gone by since initial detection of PCE in a PSW

1991-9'2

1992

~loori99J

o...a-1993

No\ ......... 1993

F.or-yLm

J99t

]997

2001

2002

pa: ..,a.""""' .. pohb<.-~ .... n9W ... Apnll991 n ,,.........,~~<~~~.,£7.1 pfl,; ull ~f1."' ... u. 9\\" md 9EmM>y 1991. b6th ...U. l<t 111 tbt _.put<>ftbt ohJlloor Jqlllilr. ~-• «PM..t b)· tbt M\\o"" 'SSB •

Wo119\\Twu--or,.,,..looarAoiPCE-·e'"'

\\Qd:~ ~...-.: 0'\ ... «<CCM !lt ~bc:NJ ::::i ft« ~ bad ~f~ 'by 'np(lr. darm,: wd GQ\iltJog f« cbf &SA El.r;y P1.m nlht ~---oiM...,,. Su...moiM~ S<rK. C~ ':<Ill ~ uxn·Ditd .md JWDC~~~o'ed. •

ADEM~~ hn:~f~CJ!il~m.."

.>.DEM- !Ihn..,_'

Thti\DEI.i~ ..,..,,_......r...,"""'-•fi'CE"' :luUow ....-.,_ ... dot &SA &.~)' P!.ot..

n.. RSA To.-. ts t:.uili ~ tbt lCftr-A~C"tJCD of Mcao. Sa-.t. ~kDc:JoouP, StrMt.. U"'"MDDO ~ md~~A,_...,. tbt RSA~ Pboo.

ADEM~ .Ut tbt CCPSu•l>o- !orlho Sopefuod b>L

w.n 9E 11AS takm cd of :.n--.a-~ ofPCE O.Ctuxc 4

A Cl'l«.,.l pnz:IUif "1'"f1111<m >ltbt~llll _...t<D<Dofi\~Al.-..,.mdl>wm><os..­

Tho IJSEPA P"'""'..., to Jut tho CCJ>S,ta oo ILo NPL

Tht \iSEPAboc= • romodW "'''""'Pil<IJ (lU).•

'l'bt USEPAculloct:. adduxoW ,.,U ,.,p., a tbt !tSJ\ E-.,. Pl.mr.

l'CE "'dtto<lad 111 C)llm, Cnol: dllnq trSUA ~

Cuy oiMO<l-.- bofW f.,,.liWty SOU<!y•

ACPl rtloc.1.~ liromllll ~~ ~ofW1~A\'IIllll mdU~S.trtttto;a loco-.,. ~~Smt<.

ThtM..,.._,- c_,.c"""""""" """_.., Em............,..SitoA>:c,_.,or.-o!~ oaco OttQI!Iodl>y >CPla tbt ~""' ur..,....,..or \\..,__A,_II>II Lnn..,.. -_A CPifb.,....,.......,oll'..tpnlOl!OJ_, .. ....t_.,;oo,.tbt,.....ACDODolW""'-A.--11>11~~-L

ThtCII]"ofM""'J'JO>I>y =:r. • pvlD!wl'"' ~ ,...,..._ Rr:uln uxllcMo ~dt!Ktl""' ~USGS c;f PCf!m•lh.' _.

............. -*'

8

U.S. Geological Survey

• Department of the Interior bureau

• Science organization- no regulatory or land management responsibilities

• Impartial data

• Mission - The USGS serves the N<Jtion by provid ing reliable scient ific information to describe and

unde.rstand t he Earth; minimi~e loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage

water, biologica l, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life.

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II USGS ............. -*'

9

1.0

" ... source of contamination not k II nown ...

A common problem at some Superfund sites

II USGS ............. -*'

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11

Objective App roach - 2008

11 : 14

Topographic ........ and c..w ..

li 11 18 20 hydrologic ... ,........ divides . r

~ l1

. ........ 34

. ww..s 32

" all • 39 •• !JG 31 WW'·IIS

u ... cs 46

OMWO$ .. , .-JI'l'OI'

(s.wz"l S..~llcnlMM.-Ncdta...c..lrE. m ill!) 110 I.IOII flEI ntSM~•.iOOI,liW,OIIJ. EUSGS +,'lt--.o1\-'#' ~ ............................ ~ '" ""'~''"' -----·a-.r.fiM'II

11

Basic concept: •Tree roots take up water, gasses, and associated contaminants from t he subsurface.

•The contaminants move up the trunk.

•Tree coring provides a sample of the groundwater and soil gas beneath the tree.

,;•on .. ,..

(~) 1~·~ ....... .-

12

II USGS ............. -*'

12

13

Met hod has been peer-reviewed and published

~USGS --· ......... -*'

User·~ Guide 10 the Colleetion end Au lysis of Tr•e Com to Asst» die Distribution of Subsurface Volalile Organic Compounds

.._..,.._ ......... ... __ #'on.,'t..

(~·) ., .. ("rfl'-"'

~----.aDPD 1'tt7tclo1e.tsio. Oo.nd!-~'Stry:. •nd ~r¥MI1"19: Nvw Gt- n Tooll for ~nlng ContJmintnu f1«11 ,..,~ l!fld f'Jt'Hnl

--·--~ ... ---... ( .............

r=.~=:..::..-=--=: ___ ,._,..._r-----_ ..... ______ _ _,. __ ., .. _ ....... ~....,_. ..,..a--·---

II USGS ............. -*'

13

14

=usGs ~-..... .,ti

14

15

............ ,.. ......... Minl . tllc:.

.-4l.SIP, 2fft, 1100.~

..._,... __ ""~,...;.-..z-•c

Data -2008

lliQ lret-llrUillillllli!ill.

•1!1111• 'i.S' e PassmfiiSi•I*J!POBf

so•plitaliidetlifl!l

16

II USGS ............. -*'

16

Data- 2008

17

Result

1. PCE and TCE detected upgradient of previously mapped groundwater 11plume" locations

18

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

18

S.W-w..dka.W..U.ftd~lc. ftl.SII• 2D».t·tcm.-.. ~t..,. .. MIIIAD,..,....Z..11

Data- 2008 19

II USGS ............. -*'

19

20

21

EUSGS -----·~wwtl

21

a...mM~Iftn!M .... Itd.-.....ft. .. ~.-.1~ ......_.,_,._,.....z-It

2008

1. Sllt.ElUS

22

22

1887 23

Looking at land Use History ill USGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

23

1912

24

25

~!USGS _ ........... -

26

......... ,.,.,.Mirft....-a.,lllt.

.. Gl•. IXI!l l '1QitJXJil u. ... Rnrt«Ma..•w~a...•

Data- 2008

N

2.7

EUSGS ..... ., ....... ..,.;

27

Result

1. PCE and TCE detected upgradient of groundwater uplume" locations

2. PCE and TCE detected near locations of former printing operations

2.8

II USGS ............. -*'

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How would Printing be related to

PCE and TCE?

2.9

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

29

Water-based proc!lsses Oi l:-based processes

Ink rollers

Printed paper

~0

EUSGS -----·~-*'

30

Blanket wash

1) Toluene 2) Methyl Eth1yl Ketone (MEK) 3} Glycol Ethers 4) Xylene (mixed isomers)

--• 5) Tetrachloroethylene 6) Metfiy,l ,lsobutyl K~etone (MIBK) 1) Methanol 8) 11.1, 1-Trichloroet1hane (TCA) 9) Oichloromethane 1 0) Ethylene Glycol

Fountain Solutions

~1

II USGS ............. -*'

31

Result

1. PCE and TCE detected upgradient of groundwater uplume" locations

2. PCE and TCE detected near locations of former printing operations

3. PCE and TCE were used by printing operations

II USGS ............. -*'

32

What was done with the dai ly waste stream?

e II d · dd d • II ... umpe own ra1n ... II h d • h" IJ • ... was e m mac me ...

• Floor sumps

• Pkked up by Safety Kleen starting inlate 1960s

(quotes from responses to EPA Section 104(e) Information Requests)

II USGS ............. -*'

33

Result

1. PCE and TCE detected upgradient of groundwater uplume" locations

2. PCE and TCE detected near locations of former printing operations

3. PCE and TCE were used by printing operations

4. Disposal down drains

II USGS ............. -*'

34

How did this behavior result in contaminat ion of t he subsurface nearby

and, ult imately, groundwater?

Surface- soil- groundwater I pathway

II USGS ............. -*'

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36

10

20

ll

40

50

so

lO

~

rz

~

v 00 0 100 200

~7

Data -EPA Rl, 2000

0

MW-SS 10 MW·lOS

zo 30

40 Wall!rtable MaylUOOO 50

60

70

500 200 500

VOCs, ppm

EUSGS ....... ~..-M

37

2008

Older subsurface drainage

l 8

grate

E USGS -----·~-*'

38

39

40

41

42

Tree-core data (2008)

Color-tee data (2011}

GW

72"

t PCE.fQ.('OO(ffi~IRn. s.oir~ W'l PIW'\ Ceklf.ttc I"'W'thod

l ojo< 68000 pptwl([

ww.os lOO ~lr. W.Kblngtoo .liwtnLH

'

1 SubwriK• ppng

ft ['\

•

.~ ·

'w-,n. .1\

"I ftt 0.01 tol.5 ~ l20DI to 20 12l

..... XII 43

EUSGS -----·a-.r.fiM'II

43

Color-tee data (2012}

PCE..lU conc~ttwon.Kitl9111 .n ppm, Colot•IK mtehod

AmuM

sr ~_:w:~~~~--~~----------------------------------~

44

EUSGS -----·~-*'

44

••

Feob-ta')'n.201Z

PCE.TU conc~soii<PJ 10 l)p'n, Cokw·l.<: I'I'W!tt.od

? •

45

EUSGS .a-. .... ~wwtl

45

500 1SO l.l'III f!lT II I I I I

IW 2QOMEru!S

Chlorofouq in groundw~tor­

ln m1crograms ptrllll, Apn1-M•y 2009

> I

- >35

46

46

Chloroform in groundwater?

• Chloroform added to water at the water plant

• Treated water has 2 to 44 ug/L

• MW-15 = 37.3 ug/L

• MW-15 has pH near 7.3 (all other wells less than 6)

47

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

47

Chloroform in groundwater?

• How did treated municipa l water get to the water table?

• Possible cracks, root penetration (leakage) in sewer system

• Common to many municipa l, SS around the country.

48

II USGS ............. -*'

48

49

So what?

A tracer of what has been put into t he sewer (treated water and/or wastes) at land surface in upgradient area can enter the water table

50

II USGS ............. -*'

50

B.utll<ldlic!lrunltO!AllosNonbAmerica no llld ESI!~. !OCB. l.IOO,IXIII, ~1rau-o.useMerciii.Ot~Zone l6

H

t lSO SOO 7SO l,OlliUI

' , I I I I

100 2!11KI£RS

51

o.1!.. s..iluys .... IJIV•,.... il,.-.lowlfirtdill. oM ........

EUSGS -----·~wwtl

51

What about the timing of the re,lease(s)?

• Years businesses operated related to age of plume?

52

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

52

CFCs in groundwater

• CFC (-11 and -113) are man-;made

• All water older than 1940 has 0 ug/L

CFCs

53

• If dete·cted in water, it is no older than

1940

• CFC are in recharge everywhere

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

53

54

600

500

200

100

o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1900

Year or recharge

1990 2000 2010

EUSGS ............. -*'

54

CFCs in groundwater at CCP Site

• Present in only the shallow well

• Not present in all wells

• In groundwater at concent rat ions greater than possible for equilibrium wit h CFC­enriched air

• CFCs are enriched over urban areas {USGS Fact Sheet 022-02)

55

II USGS ............. -*'

55

CFCs in groundwater

So what?

CFC-enriched water is further evidence of stormwater or sewer pipes leakage from land surface to groundwater} and the timing of occurrence.

S6

II USGS ............. -*'

56

57

" t mur

~ l ~ i MW.OS Gilllmrncilgl c•. I MW ...

I ln811r&t11!111!11i:1, 195S T ~1111

lil lllll SbbMt

""'"l" 1$1 lie!Jafl~J IIIf

•· MW·~

1950s

0 ~ 100 750 1.000 m:r I ' • I I I I

0 100 200 r.ETERS EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

57

SF6 in groundwater

• Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a gas present at trace levels in the atmosphere that has n atura ~ and anthropogenic sources

• the detection of SF6 in groundwater indicates the presence of water recharged since the 1970s

58

II USGS ............. -*'

58

.:iJ'"'"' (~)

~~~-o'1,."

2003 MW-lS • j.MW·ll MW·~

- 1!JS2 IS

1!194 UW·Io:

250 Sill l'ill i JDltm ' r I r ' '

0 100 200 METERS

59

EUSGS ....... ~..-M

59

Trees preserve a record of past events encountered during their annual growth

EUSGS ....... ~..-M

60

Contaminants preserved?

• lnorganics, yes

• Organics, no

• But

• PCE and TCE leave behind Cl-, yes

• Caveat - some inorganics are transported within the t ree over space and t ime

61

II USGS ............. -*'

61

e.sa rmallid h<m Tole All., No!11Amo!.a, ln< IIKl l~. lOOII, 1:100,1m, Ulivelioll Tr.mv~~so Ml&31o! proJO<ticn,Z,.. I5

2009

N

t 0 :2ro 100 ISO I ,00) f<fl 1 1 1 I I! I

0 1110 lCOMrnAS

62

II USGS ............. -*'

62

63

100 64

2009 A.TrooHl

Ill

60

c D

.. 'ii .. 0.

20 ~ :;; ... .:;

i lllO

110 .. ~ :c ..., 100

10

1960 1170 IIIlO !01~

II USGS ............. -*'

64

••

Feob-ta')'n.201Z

PCE.TU conc~soii<PJ 10 l)p'n, Cokw·l.<: I'I'W!tt.od

? •

65

EUSGS .a-. .... ~wwtl

65

66

66

Gore Sorber

67

..

I

,i ' ..... ~&f'CltfiCI."IWII~..,.,.,.,,..,.... •• ~ ... Ofo.' ... "--.'"•lrl.....,_ ... aAol~ - ... ~~,......,. .... ~11\-- · ... JJ

Groundwater flow

68

II USGS ............. -*'

68

69

What about downgradient?'

69

70

71

Data - EPA Rl, 2000

MW-lS MW-4S 10 10

211 211

3D App'OJ:Jmatl dtpdl Joc&Don wtM11 worbrs Wlrt O'VIfCOIM tlyYipoJS lftCOIB1ltf"'d. SeptlfMtr 19'33 30 ~

40 40 v 50 so

60 100 2110 :jiJO 100 500 SOD 0 100 200 900 400 500 000

VOCs, ppm

II USGS ............. -*'

71

Result

1. PCE and TCE detected upgradient of groundwater "plume" locations

2. PCE and TCE detected near locations of former printing operations

3. PCE and TCE were used by printing operations

4. Disposal down drains

5. Soil-gas more contaminated by PCE/TCE upgradient

.1"""-'0.

72

(~·l EUSGS ., .. t."'rfl'-" ............. -*'

72

Conceptual Model

RSA Energy Plant

I

I I 4 I I I I I

I I It I I I _ ..

73

•• CFtM'SU

_j L---------------------------------------------------------------~~~;;~~-~-'

,..,.. figlq wll 1\.wt COnii'I"'Indilturn

73

74

Groundwater sampling

PCE and TCE

EUSGS .... ,...ct.MfiM'Itl

74

S.W-w..dka.W..U.ftd~lc. ftl.SII• 2D».t·tcm.-.. ~t..,. .. MIIIAD,..,....Z..11

Data- 2008 75

II USGS ............. -*'

75

PCE Data • USGS, 2009

PCI:i. . ..-~,.._

1111 .. u .. ,.."' ktt. .,........,_ , ,. -, .,.

76

76

N

A

- -.... •Q .~ I ~ =--...---

\

EXI'lANIIJlOtl

~(I'Q'J> o.o3uw\ 2010 ll¥.11rTlf'll11'jj'

PCE > I Dugll.ApriHotllylCO!il. l!QIO[M....,ptl"'i,

77

II USGS ............. -*'

77

H

A

'

-....

~";t" I ~ ,_ ________ _ ..

~· ........ ' f ..... : ... :~1 -" x"'? -:• ---

•· I ~~ 0

I

EXI'UHAOOH

Pwd ... oact.,... (PCI) > O.QJ • lOll ~1111'4'11nv

78

EUSGS _,. .... ....,

78

,;•on..'t.

( ~ ·)-----=------""--'"---~~::.::..::::_______.__,_,=--______.!._______!_-'-J ., .. ("rfl'-"'"

TCE in groundwator (S f­In ml crOQrams per ll<r. A!>rii-Moy~

>0;02

79

II USGS ............. -*'

79

N

A -J .~

I - -··~ ,..J· I c~~~~----=;=

' !

EXPI..ANATlON

Tr1dlioroodlylone (TCE) > 0.1)2 u¢ 2010 El'l\ sornp!Wig

80

EUSGS --·~--'~

80

~ N

I \ A l ·-z

l I

I .. j .~

..,..

'" 0.72 ~~!oo lf:l;S -

-... r

[~PlANATION

'likhloroethyiene (ta) >0.02 ugll 2011 EM sampling

81

II USGS ............. -*'

81

82

To recap

• Where? Potential source(s) and locations

• How? Pathway (land surface to groundwater)

• When?

II USGS ............. -*'

82

PCE Data - USGS, 2009

PCl• ......... ,.._ IIM4f .. II-Pfflltt, .,.......,_

- > 1011

83

EUSGS ..... ., . .....,....,_

83

TCE Data - USGS, 2009

_,.,.~ n..,~

(~ ·l·~____L:l_~~~::_:__....c:;.;;~'---~___!_ _ _J_J

~~. ,.., ... '::'

TCE ia groundwa1•r (8}­ln mitfCWJrams per tiler. A;>rii-Moy~

>M2

84

EUSGS -----·~wwtl

84

85

Science-based Data:

• Tree cores • Geoprobing, geophysics, ground and downhole • Vapor Implants • PlD, portable f ield GCs • Color-Tee field results • Chloroform as tracer of recha rge • CFCs, SF6 to age date groundwater • Dendrochronology • Air sampling • Soil-gas sampling

II USGS ............. -*'

85

86

EPA and USGS Collaboration

• lAG

• Need-specific Work Authorizations

• Access through USGS contact to ALL the USGS capabilities and expertise across 50 states

II USGS ............. -*'

86

87

Other EPA-USGS examples:

• Region VII; Riverfront Superfund site, New· Haven, Missouri

• Region IV; Alabama Pilating Site, Vincent, AL

• Region V; Co-location agreement

• Region Ill; Standard Chlorine of Delaware

II USGS ............. -*'

87

88

http:/ /pubs.usgs.gov /si r /2011/5148/ II USGS ............. -*'

88

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,...,'ln""!!,..,.,.,J,.,...,._...u ..... f'~J ~1.7'·~~1-.

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