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7/27/2019 Future Satellites Technologie
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1Future global satellite systems for Intelsat NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) International satellite communications traffic in the Atlantic basin is growing at a compounded
rate of 15 percent per annum and seems likely to continue at this level for the foreseeable
future. In this paper, a number of satellite system concepts are presented as alternatives to
accommodate Atlantic region traffic in the year 2000. These concepts range from extrapolations
of current Intelsat architecture to modular approaches to capacity growth which incorporateadvanced technologies. The concepts were generated as part of a study effort aimed at
developing and analyzing these and other concepts, identifying critical technologies and
defining viable satellite systems for the post Intelsat VI timeframe.
Board, J. E.1985-09-01
2Future satellite systems - Market demand assessment NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) During 1979-80, a market study was performed regarding the future total demand for
communications services, and satellite transmission service at the 4/6 GHz, 12/14 GHz, and
20/30 GHz frequencies. Included in the study were a variety of communications traffic
characteristics as well as projections of the cost of C and Ku band satellite systems through
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the year 2000. In connection with the considered study, a total of 15 major study tasks and
subtasks were undertaken and were all interrelated in various ways. The telecommunications
service forecasts were concerned with a total of 21 data services, 5 voice services, and 5 video
services. The traffic volumes within the U.S. for the three basic services were projected for three
time periods. It is found that the fixed frequency allocation for domestic satellites combined with
potential interference from adjacent satellites means a near term lack of orbital positions above
the U.S.
Reiner, P. S.1981-01-01
3Characteristics of a Future Aeronautical Satellite Communications System. National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A possible operational system scenario for providing satellite communications services to the
future aviation community was analyzed. The system concept relies on a Ka-band (20/30 GHz)
satellite that utilizes multibeam antenna (MBA) technology. The aircra...
P. Y. Sohn A. Stern F. Schmidt 1991-01-01
4Licensing of future mobile satellite systems NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) The regulatory process for licensing mobile satellite systems is complex and can require many
years to complete. This process involves frequency allocations, national licensing, and
frequency coordination. The regulatory process that resulted in the establishment of the
radiodetermination satellite service (RDSS) between 1983 and 1987 is described. In contrast,
each of these steps in the licensing of the mobile satellite service (MSS) is taking a significantly
longer period of time to complete.Lepkowski, Ronald J.1990-01-01
5Future global satellite systems for Intelsat NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A number of satellite system concepts are presented as alternative ways to accommodate
Atlantic region traffic in the year 2000, i.e., the post-Intelsat VI period. These concepts range
from extrapolations of current Intelsat architecture to modular approaches to capacity growth
which incorporate advanced technologies. It is predicted that the year 2000 should require no
less than three and no more than seven operational satellites in separate orbital slots to satisfy
basic Atlantic region international requirements. In terms of technology, multiple-beam
spacecraft antennas continue to be the pacing item on which satellite capacity growth is
critically dependent, with onboard processing almost as important.
Schnicke, W. R.; Board, J. E.; Binckes, J. B.; Palmer, L. C.; Martin, J. E.
6Characteristics of a future aeronautical satellite communications system NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A possible operational system scenario for providing satellite communications services to the
future aviation community was analyzed. The system concept relies on a Ka-band (20/30 GHz)
satellite that utilizes multibeam antenna (MBA) technology. The aircraft terminal uses an
extremely small aperture antenna as a result of using this higher spectrum at Ka-band. The
satellite functions as a relay between the aircraft and the ground stations. The ground stations
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function as interfaces to the existing terrestrial networks such as the Public Service Telephone
Network (PSTN). Various system tradeoffs are first examined to ensure optimized system
parameters. High level performance specifications and design approaches are generated for the
space, ground, and aeronautical elements in the system. Both technical and economical issues
affecting the feasibility of the studied concept are addressed with the 1995 timeframe in mind.
Sohn, Philip Y.; Stern, Alan; Schmidt, Fred 1991-01-01
7 A glimpse to future commercial spy satellite systems Microsoft Academic SearchOver the past decade the commercial remote sensing industry has experienced significant
technological change and improved market penetration. New sensor Technologies in space
systems offer new information capabilities.The development of high-resolution commercial
satellites which is better than 1 meter black and white and 2.5 meter multispectral has opened
new data and new collection methodologies to the ultimate information customer. Future
Izzet Bayir 2009-01-01
8 Advanced Microelectronics Technologies for Future Small Satellite Systems NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Future small satellite systems for both Earth observation as well as deep-space exploration
are greatly enabled by the technological advances in deep sub-micron microelectronics
technologies. Whereas these technological advances are being fueled by the commercial (non-
space) industries, more recently there has been an exciting new synergism evolving between
the two otherwise disjointed markets. In other words, both the commercial and space industries
are enabled by advances in low-power, highly integrated, miniaturized (low-volume), lightweight,and reliable real-time embedded systems. Recent announcements by commercial
semiconductor manufacturers to introduce Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology into their
commercial product lines is driven by the need for high-performance low-power integrated
devices. Moreover, SOI has been the technology of choice for many space semiconductor
manufacturers where radiation requirements are critical. This technology has inherent radiation
latch-up immunity built into the process, which makes it very attractive to space applications. In
this paper, we describe the advanced microelectronics and avionics technologies under
development by NASA's Deep Space Systems Technology Program (also known as X2000).
These technologies are of significant benefit to both the commercial satellite as well as the
deep-space and Earth orbiting science missions. Such a synergistic technology roadmap may
truly enable quick turn-around, low-cost, and highly capable small satellite systems for both
Earth observation as well as deep-space missions.
Alkalai, Leon1999-01-01
9Multichannel demultiplexer/demodulator technologies for future satellite communication systems NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) NASA-Lewis' Space Electronics Div. supports ongoing research in advanced satellite
communication architectures, onboard processing, and technology development. Recent
studies indicate that meshed VSAT (very small aperture terminal) satellite communication
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networks using FDMA (frequency division multiple access) uplinks and TDMA (time division
multiplexed) downlinks are required to meet future communication needs. One of the critical
advancements in such a satellite communication network is the multichannel
demultiplexer/demodulator (MCDD). The progress is described which was made in MCDD
development using either acousto-optical, optical, or digital technologies.
Ivancic, William D.; Budinger, James M.; Staples, Edward J.; Abramovitz, Irwin; Courtois, Hector A.1992-01-01
10On-board processing concepts for future satellite communications systems NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) The initial definition of on-board processing for an advanced satellite communications system
to service domestic markets in the 1990's is discussed. An exemplar system with both RF on-
board switching and demodulation/remodulation baseband processing is used to identify
important issues related to system implementation, cost, and technology development.
Analyses of spectrum-efficient modulation, coding, and system control techniques are
summarized. Implementations for an RF switch and baseband processor are described. Among
the major conclusions listed is the need for high gain satellites capable of handling tens of
simultaneous beams for the efficient reuse of the 2.5 GHz 30/20 frequency band. Several
scanning beams are recommended in addition to the fixed beams. Low power solid state 20
GHz GaAs FET power amplifiers in the 5W range and a general purpose digital baseband
processor with gigahertz logic speeds and megabits of memory are also recommended.
Brandon, W. T.; White, B. E.1980-01-01
11On-board processing for future satellite communications systems: Satellite-
Routed FDMA NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 30/20 GHz satellite communications architecture
without on-board baseband processing is investigated. Conceptual system designs are
suggested for domestic traffic models totaling 4 Gb/s of customer premises service (CPS) traffic
and 6 Gb/s of trunking traffic. Emphasis is given to the CPS portion of the system which
includes thousands of earth terminals with digital traffic ranging from a single 64 kb/s voice
channel to hundreds of channels of voice, data, and video with an aggregate data rate of 33
Mb/s. A unique regional design concept that effectively smooths the non-uniform traffic
distribution and greatly simplifies the satellite design is employed. The satellite antenna
system forms thirty-two 0.33 deg beam on both the uplinks and the downlinks in one design. In
another design matched to a traffic model with more dispersed users, there are twenty-four 0.33
deg beams and twenty-one 0.7 deg beams. Detailed system design techniques show that a
single satellite producing approximately 5 kW of dc power is capable of handling at least 75%
of the postulated traffic. A detailed cost model of the ground segment and estimated system
costs based on current information from manufacturers are presented.
Berk, G.; Christopher, P. F.; Hoffman, M.; Jean, P. N.; Rotholz, E.; White, B. E.1981-05-01
12On-board processing for future satellite communications systems: Satellite-Routed FDMA NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
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A frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 30/20 GHz satellite communications architecture
without on-board baseband processing is investigated. Conceptual system designs are
suggested for domestic traffic models totaling 4 Gb/s of customer premises service (CPS) traffic
and 6 Gb/s of trunking traffic. Emphasis is given to the CPS portion of the system which
includes thousands of earth terminals with digital traffic ranging from a single 64 kb/s voice
channel to hundreds of channels of voice, data, and video with an aggregate data rate of 33
Mb/s. A unique regional design concept that effectively smooths the non-uniform traffic
distribution and greatly simplifies the satellite design is employed. The satellite antenna
system forms thirty-two 0.33 deg beam on both the uplinks and the downlinks in one design. In
another design matched to a traffic model with more dispersed users, there are twenty-four 0.33
deg beams and twenty-one 0.7 deg beams. Detailed system design techniques show that a
single satellite producing approximately 5 kW of dc power is capable of handling at least 75%
of the postulated traffic. A detailed cost model of the ground segment and estimated system
costs based on current information from manufacturers are presented.
Berk, G.; Christopher, P. F.; Hoffman, M.; Jean, P. N.; Rotholz, E.; White, B. E.1981-01-01
13Tracking system options for future altimeter satellite missions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Follow-on missions to provide continuity in the observation of the sea surface topography once
the successful TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) oceanographic satellite mission has ended are
discussed. Candidates include orbits which follow the ground tracks of T/P GEOSAT or ERS-1.
The T/P precision ephemerides, estimated to be near 3 cm root-mean-square, demonstrate the
radial orbit accuracy that can be achieved at 1300 km altitude. However, the radial orbit
accuracy which can be achieved for a mission at the 800 km altitudes of GEOSAT and ERS-1has not been established, and achieving an accuracy commensurate with T/P will pose a great
challenge. This investigation focuses on the radial orbit accuracy that can be achieved for a
mission in the GEOSAT orbit. Emphasis is given to characterizing the effects of force model
errors on the estimated radial orbit accuracy, particularly those due to gravity and drag. The
importance of global, continuous tracking of the satellite for reduction in these sources of orbit
error is demonstrated with simulated GPS tracking data. A gravity tuning experiment is carried
out to show how the effects of gravity error may be reduced. Assuming a GPS flight receiver
with a full-sky tracking capability, the simulation results indicate that a 5 cm radial orbit accuracy
for an altimeter satellite in GEOSAT orbit should be achievable during low-drag atmosphericconditions and after an acceptable tuning of the gravity model.
Davis, G. W.; Rim, H. J.; Ries, J. C.; Tapley, B. D.1994-05-01
14 A Recommendation on SLR Ranging to Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) The multi-agency US Geodetic Requirements Working Group has recommended that Satellite
Laser Retro- reflectors be installed on GPS III satellites as a principal component of the
Positioning, Navigation, and Timing mandate of the Global Positioning System. The Working
Group, which includes NASA, NGA, NOAA, NRL, USGS, and the USNO, echoes the Global
Geodetic Observing System recommendation that SLR retro- reflectors be installed on all
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GNSS satellites. It is further recommended that the retro-reflectors conform to and hopefully
exceed the minimum standard of the International Laser Ranging Service for retro-reflector
cross sections of 100 million square meters for the HEO GNSS satellites to insure sufficiently
accurate ranging by the global network of satellite laser ranging systems. The objective of this
recommendation is to contribute to the improvement in the International Terrestrial Reference
Frame, and its derivative the WGS84 reference frame, through continuing improvements in the
characterization of the GPS orbits and clocks. Another objective is to provide an independent
means of assessing the interoperability and accuracy of the GNSS systems and regional
augmentation systems. The ranging to GNSS-mounted retro-reflectors will constitute a
significant new means of space-based collocation to constrain the tie between the GPS and
SLR networks that constitute over 50% of the data from which the ITRF is derived. The
recommendation for the installation of SLR retro-reflectors aboard future GPS satellites is one
of a number of efforts aimed at improving the accuracy and stability of ITRF. These steps are
being coordinated with and supportive of the efforts of the GGOS and its services such at the
VLBI2010 initiative, developing a next generation geodetic network, near real-time GPS
positioning and EOP determination, and numerous efforts in the improvement of geodetic
algorithms for GPS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS, and the determination of the ITRF. If past is prologue,
the requirements of accuracy placed upon GNSS systems will continue to evolve at a factor of
ten per decade for the lifetime of the GPS III, extending to 2025 and beyond. Global societal
priorities such as sea level change measurement already require a factor of ten or more
improvement in the accuracy and stability of the ITRF. Increasing accuracy requirements by
civilian users for precision positioning and time keeping will certainly continue to grow at an
exponential rate. The PNT accuracy of our GNSS systems will keep pace with these societal
needs only if we equip the GNSS systems with the capability to identify and further reduce
systematic errors.
Labrecque, J. L.; Miller, J. J.; Pearlman, M.2008-12-01
15Future Satellite Gravimetry for Geodesy NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
After GRACE and GOCE there will still be need and room for improvement of the knowledge (1)
of the static gravity field at spatial scales between 40 km and 100 km, and (2) of the time
varying gravity field at scales smaller than 500 km. This is shown based on the analysis of
spectral signal power of various gravity field components and on the comparison with currentknowledge and expected performance of GRACE and GOCE. Both, accuracy and resolution
can be improved by future dedicated gravity satellite missions. For applications in geodesy,
the spectral omission error due to the limited spatial resolution of a gravity satellite mission is a
limiting factor. The recommended strategy is to extend as far as possible the spatial resolution
of future missions, and to improve at the same time the modelling of the very small scale
components using terrestrial gravity information and topographic models.We discuss the
geodetic needs in improved gravity models in the areas of precise height systems, GNSS
levelling, inertial navigation and precise orbit determination. Today global height systems with a
1 cm accuracy are required for sea level and ocean circulation studies. This can be achieved by
a future satellite mission with higher spatial resolution in combination with improved local and
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regional gravity field modelling. A similar strategy could improve the very economic method of
determination of physical heights by GNSS levelling from the decimeter to the centimeter level.
In inertial vehicle navigation, in particular in sub-marine, aircraft and missile guidance, any
improvement of global gravity field models would help to improve reliability and the radius of
operation.
Flury, J.; Rummel, R.2004-04-01
16Cost Consideration for Future Communications Satellite NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) This paper discusses the cost driving factors of the future communications satellite rather than
discussing its cost itself directly, in terms of development period of time, services, and R&D by
government. In the first, a period of time for development of a communications system is
discussed in comparison of satellite communications system with a terrestrial communications
system. Generally speaking, the terrestrial communications system is developed in a short
period. Especially, the recent network related IT technology changes very rapidly, like so-called
as "Dog Year". On the other hand, it takes a long time, more than several years, to develop a
satellite communications system. This paper will discuss this time period of development is
how to influence the system realization in various cases. In the second, the service related cost
is discussed. First, a mobile communications satellite system is considered as an example.
The tremendous penetration speed of the terrestrial cellular phones prevents from the success
of the mobile satellite communications system. The success of the mobile satellite
communications system depends on how early and user friendly to develop its user terminals.
Second, the broadcasting service is described as a successful example. It is described that the
satellite broadcasting has a very competitive advantage to the terrestrial broadcasting servicefrom the cost point of view. Finally, the cost of the technology R&D for the future
communication satellite by the government is discussed. A model of the future
communications satellite for next 30 years has been proposed(1)(2). As an example, this paper
estimates the satellite cost of the 60 Gbps range of capacity which is called as 1.5G satellite,
where the capacity of the second generation Internet satellite (2G) is 50-500 Gbps per
satellite. In the paper, the R&D plan of the future communications satellite will be discussed
as a next R&D project to the first generation Internet satellite from a cost point of view.
References (1)T.Iida and Y.Suzuki: "Satellite Communications R&D for Next 30 Years", 19th
AIAA (2)T.Iida, Y.Suzuki and A.Akaishi: "Satellite Communications R&D for Next 30 Years:Iida, Takashi 2002-01-01
17Future developments in maritime satellite communications NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Future developments in maritime satellite communications, which could be provided by a
second-generation maritime space segment are discussed. Current weaknesses such as high
costs and bulky equipment are given, and basic terminal standards that could be embodied in a
second generation system are considered, including three scenarios based on traffic, terminal
characteristics, and mission requirements. The aeronautical satellite service is also
summarized.
Steciw, A.
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1981-11-01
18 Application of advanced on-board processing concepts to future satellite communications systems NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
An initial definition of on-board processing requirements for an advanced satellite
communications system to service domestic markets in the 1990's is presented. An exemplar
system architecture with both RF on-board switching and demodulation/remodulation baseband
processing was used to identify important issues related to system implementation, cost, and
technology development.
Katz, J. L.; Hoffman, M.; Kota, S. L.; Ruddy, J. M.; White, B. F.1979-01-01
19Satellite Multicarrier Demodulation System NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Proposed onboard signal processing system for communications satellites performs real-time
conversion of multiple uplink (received) signals in single-channel-per-carrier, frequency-division-
multiple-access (SCPC/FDMA) format to downlink (transmitted) signals in time-division-
multiplexed (TDM) format. Conversion approach enhances use of allocated spectrum and
reduces required effective isotropic radiated power at both transponder (satellite) and Earth
stations. Equipment needed to implement scheme less complex and less expensive than time-
division-multiple-access (TDMA) formats. More economical future satellite communication
systems made possible through use of many small-capacity multiservice Earth terminals.
Budinger, James; Kwatra, Subhash C.; Jamale, Mohsin M.; Fernandez, John P.; Eugene, Linus P.1994-01-01
20
The Future of Remote Sensing from Space: Civilian Satellite Systems and Applications NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Over the past decade, the United States and other countries have increasingly turned to
satellite remote sensing to gather data about the state of earth's atmosphere, land, and
oceans. Satellite systems provide the vantage point and coverage necessary to study our
planet as an integrated, interactive physical and biological system. In particular, the data they
provide, combined with data from surface and aircraft-based instruments, should help scientists
monitor, understand, and ultimately predict the long term effects of global change. This report,
the first of three in a broad OTA assessment of earth observation systems, examines issues
related to the development and operation of publicly funded U.S. and foreign civilian remote
sensing systems. It also explores the military and intelligence use of data gathered by civilian
satellites. In addition, the report examines the outlook for privately funded and operated remote
sensing systems. Despite the established utility of remote sensing technology in a wide variety
of applications, the state of the U.S. economy and the burden of an increasing Federal deficit
will force NASA, NOAA, and DoD to seek ways to reduce the costs of remote sensing systems.
This report observes that maximizing the return on the U.S. investment in satellite remote
sensing will require the Federal Government to develop a flexible, long-term interagency plan
that would guarantee the routine collection of high-quality measurements of the atmosphere,
oceans, and land over decades. Such a plan would assign the part each agency plays in
gathering data on global change, including scientifically critical observations from aircraft- and
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ground-based platforms, as well as from space-based platforms. It would also develop
appropriate mechanisms for archiving, integrating, and distributing data from many different
sources for research and other purposes. Finally, it would assign to the private sector increasing
responsibility for collecting and archiving remotely sensed data.
1993-01-01
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