Furniture Styles Presentation

FurnitureStyles

Elements in the Analysis of Styles

Racial : designated from the people who originated in

Epochal : the period when it flourished Individual : person or persons who

originated the style Character : adjectives attached to the style

that best describe it

Classifications of Furniture Styles: Period / Traditional

Formal Technically anything before the 1900’s Time tested Classic

Contemporary / Modern From 1901 onwards No recognizable influence from past styles

Trends in Furniture Styles: Traditional

Those that have withstood the tests of time Usually the court furniture of the time Refined, rich looking

Provincial Produced as an offspring of traditional styles A copy of the court or royal furniture of the time Smaller and scale and crude

Prehistory

Prehistoric Furniture The earliest evidence of the stone age

producing pieces of “furniture” were in the form of DOLMENS or stone tables

These DOLMENS were usually in the form of piled up boulders that serve as altars for sacrifices and other rituals

Egypt

Characteristics: Rectilinear with straight lines predominating Animal leg forms:

Bull’s hooves Lion’s paw Dog leg with peg

Geometric ornamentation Seats were either made of wood or rush – plant material

woven together Examples:

Chairs Stools Chests

Greece

Characteristics: Marble, iron, bronze and wood were the

materials used Chairs had back rails curved in a concave

or KLISMOS form Graceful, symmetyrical

Kinds of Greek Furniture: Threnys – stool or footstool Thronos – chair for men Klismos – chair for women Kline – bed Tripods

Klismos

Kline

Rome

Characteristics: Derived from Greek models Legs:

Disc turnings Griffins, Sphinxes Animal legs : horses, goats

Architectural features were incorporated in the design

Rich fabrics Cushions

Kinds of Roman Furniture: Curule – stool with x-stretchers Bisellium – double chair or settee Sollum – throne like chair for men Cathedra – chair for women Sigma – reclining couch Lectus – bed Armaria – chest/cupboard Tripod tables Monopod tables

Cathedra

Sollum

Lectus

The Middle Ages

Characteristics: Architectural in form Crude detailing Paneled decorations Very heavy and massive

Byzantine Furniture

<> RomanesqueFurniture

RomanesqueFurniture

Gothic Furniture

The ItalianStyle

ItalianRenaissance

Characteristics: Large and massive Classical motifs in relief Certosina – inlay of ivory on wood Intarsia – inlay of different colored strips of

wood on wood

Kinds of Italian Renaissance Furniture: Cassone – chest Cassapanca – cassone with arms and back Sedia – armchair with rectangular seats; usually for men or

friars Sgabello – dining chair, for women Savonarola – x- shaped stretcher chair with interlacing slats Dante/Dantesque – upholstered or cushioned x-stretcher

chair Credenza – cabinet Letto – bed Refrectory Table

Cassone

Cassone

Casapanca

Sedia

Sgabello

Savonarola

Dante Chair

Credenza

Refectory Table

Letto

Italian Baroque

Characteristics: Exaggerated Heavy Broken pediments Twisted turnings C and S curves Inlays

Credenza

Italian RococoVenetian

Characteristics: Gilding Copied from the French counterpart Chinese influence Lacquered

Stool

Commode

TheHispanic Style

Characteristics: Italian and Moorish influence Rectangular with heavy proportions Iron braces and mounts (studs) and exposed nail

heads Leather seats that were carved or tooled Legs:

Turned, spool or disc turnings Square straight legs Flemish scroll/Spanish foot

Sub-Periods in Hispanic Furniture Mudejar – Moorish influence, leather. ivory inlays,

geometric forms Plateresco – a lot of silver work, considered as

the most beautiful Spanish style Desornamentado – Juan de Herrera was the

proponent of this style, Italian Renaissance inspired

Churigueresco – Started by Jose de Churiguera, Spanish Baroque

TypicalSpanish Foot

Kinds of Hispanic Furniture: Arca – chest Spanish Ladder Back Chair Sillon de Chadera – hip joint chair Sillon Frailero – monk’s chair Vargueno – chest on a trestle table Papelera – writing desk Armaria - closets

Arca

Vargueno

Papelera

Chairs

SillonFrailero

SpanishLadder-Back

Chair

Armaria

TheMediterranean

Style

Characteristics: Heavy, structural Honey comb pattern in cabinet doors Wrought iron details Carved

Mediterranean Furniture

Equipales

The FrenchStyles

FrenchRenaissance

Characteristics: Henry IV and Louis XIII Flemish scroll Carved Inlaid with wood, semi precious stones,

tortoise shell – Boulle Work Spiral turnings Leg:

Bun foot

Kinds of French Renaissance Furniture Escabelle – French version of the sgabello Caquetoire – gossip chair; predominantly

used by women Armoire – closets Commode – chest of drawers

Escabelle

Louis XII Armchair

Caquetoire

Armoire

Commode

FrenchBaroque

Characteristics: Louis XIV Rich Carving Throne like chairs Marquetry – inlay of different colored wood on

wood Vernis Martin – Varnishing of great brilliancy Leg: square, heavy, carved, gilded, tapering

Louis XIV Armoire andWriting Desk

Louis XIV Armchair and

Table

Louis XIV Side Chair

French Regency

Characteristics: Philippe D’Orleans acted as regent for

Louis XV Graceful and refined Leg: Cabriole leg with goat’s hoof Chinoisserie – pertaining to the Chinese

influence in prints, patterns and accessories during the period

French RegencyArmchair

Regency Armchair and Bombe Commode

French Rococo

Characteristics: Louis XV Leg: Cabriole leg in…..

Whorl foot Pad foot Scroll foot

Chinoisserie Singerie – motif depicting monkeys at play Boiserie – application of carved wall paneling

Kinds of French Rococo Furniture: Fauteuil – arm chair with pierced side arms Bergere – arm chair with upholstered side arms Chaise Lounge – day bed Secretoire – desk/secretary Etagere – chest of open shelves Bombe Commode – chest of drawers Mantle – covering of a fireplace Console Table

Fauteuil

Bergere

Chaise Lounge

Secretoire

Etagere

Bombe Commode

Mantle

Console

French Provincial

Characteristics: Under the influence of the Rococo style Absence of ornate decorations Rush seats Legs:

Straight with turnings or cabriole

Ladder Back Chairs

Settee

Armoire

Buffet

French Neo-Classic

Characteristics: Louis XIV Revival of the classical forms Legs: round, tapering, reeded or fluted Toile de Juoy: blue and white domestic scenes Patera: round or oval ornaments resembling as

disc Festoon: length of flowers or leaves linked

together or ribbons hanging in loops Gadroon: repetitive notches or carved work in

furniture

Kinds of Neo-Classic Furniture: Canape – sofa Angel Bed – bed with a canopy attached to

a wall Alcove Bed – bed in a niche on the wall

Louis XVIArmchairs

Canape

Bed

Angel Bed

Alcove Bed

French Directoire

Characteristics: The outbreak of the French Revolution

brought the Louix XVI monarchy to an abrupt stop – this was called the DIRECTORY

Classical lines Use of Greek curves Legs: Klismos shape – curving in front and

back

French DirectoireArmchair

French DirectoireSide Chair

French Empire

Characteristics: Napoleon Bonaparte Fusion of Egyptian, Greek and Roman

motifs Large Masculine Ebony and deep redwood

Kinds of Empire Furniture Gueridon – round table supported by one

central leg Empire Bed – bed shaped like a boat or

gondola; sleigh bed

Stool

Armchair

Empire Tub Chair

Gueridon

EmpireBed

Sleigh Bed

Bed

Restoration

Characteristics: Took place during the reigns of Louis XVII,

Charles X, Louis Philippe and Napoleon III Machine manufacturing came into

existence

Biedermeier

Characteristics: German equivalent to the French Empire Carved details are represented in black or

gold paint More of Egyptian influence Lighter wood Massive

Beds

Chairs

Buffet

The English Styles

English Renaissance:Early Renaissance

Tudor - Elizabethan

General Characteristics: Furniture legs are heavy and in bulbous

form Melon Bulb Cup and Cover

Carved and curved inlaid decorations took the form of: Leaves and Flowers Geometric Patterns

Decorations: Linen Fold Strapwork C and S curves Massive turnings Extensive use of carvings Upholstery:

Damask Silk Leather

Jacobean

General Characteristics: Renaissance – Gothic Designs Pieces were lighter and smaller Use of carving use of splat Leg forms:

Small columns: Dwarfed Columns Straight Spiral

Twisted Rope

Jacobean Wainscot Chair

Jacobean Slant Top Desk

Jacobean Bible Box

Cromwellian: English Provincial

General Characteristics:

Austere but heavy Turnings were in spool or sausage shape Leg form:

Ball or bun foot

Throne Chair

Gate Leg Table

Yorkshire Chair

Fan Back and Comb Back Windsor Chairs

Loop Back Windsor Chairs

English BaroqueMid-Renaissance

Restoration: Stuart or Carolean

General Characteristics: Reign of Charles II Spiral turnings Sugar Barley Twist Caning Veneering

Charles II Chairs

William and Mary

General Characteristics: Turned Legs Bell and Trumpet legs Flat molded cornices Marquetry – inlay of different colored wood

on wood

Marquetry

William and Mary Slant Top Desk

William and Mary Throne Chair

William and Mary Highboy

William and Mary Lowboy

English RococoMid -

Renaissance

Queen Anne

General Characteristics: Swan Neck Back Cabriole Leg with Claw and Ball Fiddle Back Solid Central Splat Shell Motif

Queen Anne Wing Chair

Queen Anne Chair

Queen Anne Tilt Top Table

Queen Anne Pie Crust Table

Queen Anne Highboy

Queen Anne Drop Leaf Table

Early Georgian

General Characteristics: Carving is more elaborate Cabriole Legs with lion’s head and lion’s

paw Pierced Back

Yoke Back Chair

Chippendale: Middle Georgian

General Characteristics: Thomas Chippendale Open Back/Pierced Slats 3 Kinds:

French Gothic Chinese

Chippendale with Marlborough Legs

Chippendale Ladder Back

Chinese Chippendale

Chippendale Camel Back Sofa

English Neo-ClassicLate Renaissance

Robert Adam

General Characteristics: Inspired by Roman and Pompeian design All elements of the house should blend in a

single relationship Straight tapering legs with flutings Painted and decorated with same

architectural details as the room Urn Motif

Radial Back Chair

George Hepplewhite

General Characteristics: Influenced by the Adam style Square, tapering legs ending in a spade

foot Chair splats had carved designs:

Festoon Wheat Urns Prince of Wales Feathers

HepplewhiteShield Back

HepplewhiteHeart Back

HepplewhiteCamel Back

Thomas Sheraton

General Characteristics: “The Apostle of the Straight Line” Turned and reeded legs Chair backs were rectangular with a raised

central splat

Sheraton Chairs

Sheraton Pembroke Table

English Regency

General Characteristics: George III was declared mentally

incompetent and the Prince of Wales acted as regent until he ascended the throne as George IV

Influenced by the French Directoire and Empire styles, Chinese and Egyptian

Lacquered in black Gilded trimmings Splayed legs Lions paw Use of caning

English Regency Chairs

Victorian

General Characteristics Relatively out of proportion Heavily carved Use of cabriole legs Tufted upholstery

Victorian Chairs

Victorian Tufted Chairs

Victorian Balloon Chairs

Victorian Triple Back Sofa

Victorian Tufted Love Seat

Victorian Cameo Back Sofa

Victorian ButterflySofa

The American

Styles

Early American: Early Colonial

General Characteristics: Patterned mostly on the English style Jacobean and Gothic lineage

Connecticut Chest

Wainscot Chair

Brewster Chair

Bannister Chair

Fiddle Back Chairs

American Ladderback Chair

Trestle Table with Windsor Chairs

AmericanGate LegTables

Butterfly Table

Butler’s Tray Table

RoundaboutChair

American Georgian

John Goddard

General Characteristics: Cabinet maker who specializes in desks,

cabinets and chests of drawers of the block front type with shell motif

John Townsend

Block Front Desk

Grandfather Clock

The Philadelphia Movement

General Characteristics: A group of Philadelphia that excelled in

cabinet making Exquisite craftsmanship

Philadelphia Highboy

Philadelphia Lowboy

Boston Rocker

Boston Chair

Slipper Chair

American Neo-classic/ Federal

General Characteristics: Classical: Greco-Roman Light and delicate Influenced by the Regency Period in

England

Duncan Phyfe

General Characteristics: Graceful proportions Klismos curve in chair backs Braided legs Cornucopia legs

Duncan Phyfe Chair

Duncan Phyfe Drop Leaf Table

Lyre Back Chair

Cornucopia Legs on aDuncan Phyfe Sofa

Samuel McIntire

General Characteristics: Silhouetted back Swags

Lambert Hitchcock

General Characteristics: Empire inspired Rush or caned seats Gold stenciled details

Fancy Chair

American Provincial/Shaker

General Characteritics: The Shakers were a community of religious

people that believed in frugality, industry, integrity and celibacy

Plain Free from carved ornamentation Lightweight Can be stored or hanged

American Shaker Chairs

Shaker Console

American Empire

General Characteristics: Reproduction of French Empire and English

Regency American Bald Eagle was the official

emblem or motif

American Empire

American Victorian:

General Characteristics: Popularized by John Belter Excessively carved Dark wood finish

American Victorian Furniture

Twentieth Century Styles

Gustav Stickley: The Mission Style

William Morris: Arts and Crafts

Barrel Chair

Frank Lloyd Wright

Art Nouveau

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

MackintoshChair

Mackintosh Arm Chair

Mackintosh Ladderback

Art Deco

De Stijl: Geritt Reitveld

Red Blue and Yellow Chair

Zigzag

Michael Thonet: Bentwood Furniture

Hairpin Chair

Vienna Bentwood Rocker

Bauhaus: Marcel Breuer

CescaCantileveredChair

Wassily Chair

Display Table

Bauhaus: Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Barcelona Chair

Variations of CantileveredChairs

Bauhaus: Le CorbusierCharles Edouard Jeanerret- Gris

SiegeGrand Comfort

Arm Chairs

Chaise

William Platner

Range

Scandinavian Designers:Hans Wegner

Wishbone Chair

3-Legged Chair

Folding Chair

Valet Chair

Circle Chair

Bull Chair

Scandinavian Designers:Alvar Aalto

Webbed PensionChair

Webbed Armchair

WebbedChaise

UpholsteredArm Chair

Cantilevered Arm Chair

Lounge Chair

Sofa

ArtekArm Chair

Paimio Arm Chair

Stackable Stools

Scandinavian Designers:Finn Juhl

Easy Chair

Scandinavian Designers:Arne Jacobsen

Swan Chair

Swan Sofa

The Egg

The Drop

The Giraffe

Series 7Stools

American Designers:Charles Eames

Calf- SkinLaminated Plywood Chairs

Eames Lounge Chair with Ottoman

Eames Office Chair

Molded Plastic Chairs

American Designers:Eero Saarinen

Tulip Chair

Womb Chair

Side Chair

American Designers:Harry Bertoia Diamond Chair

Bertoia Side Chair

Upholstered Diamond Chair

Bird Chair with Ottoman

Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy:

Butterfly Chair

American Designers:Edward Wormley

TuftedSofa

“Listen-to-Me”Chaise Lounge

1960’s – 1970’s:Eero Aarnio

Ball Chair

Pastil Chair

Focus Chair

Bubble Chair

Keinu Rocking Chair

Formula Chair

Pony

Verner Panton

Amoeba Chair

PantonChair

Bachelor Chair

Cone Chair

Avarte

Yrjo Kukkapuro

Ateljee

Carousel

Nesting Tables

Josef Albers

Philip Starck

Glow Chairs

Ghost Chairs and Table

Philippine Furniture

Baliwag Furniture: Narra Carabao bone inlay Caned Turned legs with stretchers

Batangas Furniture: Chinese influence Tindalo wood

Ilocos Furniture Gallinera influence Slatted Austere

Sillon

Butaka

Silla De Peresoza

Silla

SillaPamintu

an

Bentwood Furniture

Rocker orUgoy-Ugoy

Art Nouveau Love Seat

Diban

Screen

Diban

Mariposa

Gallinera

Kapiya

Dulang

La Mesa

Occasional Tables

Mesa Altar

Mesa Altar

Aparador

Aparador de Tres Lunas

Painadora

Vajilera

Armario

Paminggalan

Comoda

Escritoryo

Kuna

Kama ni Ah-Tay

Bastonero

Baul

Sungkaan

Chinese Furniture

General Characteristics: Beauty and function Well proportioned Total absence of nails

Yoke Back Chair

Lo Han Chair

GuestChairs

Throne Sofas

X- Chairs

Kang Tables

Trestle Table

Altar Table

Pa-shein-cho Tables

Opium/Ah Tay Beds

Folding Screens

Japanese Furniture

Shoji Panels

Tatami Mats

Futon

Futaba