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Fundamentals of Periodic Table
Pictures, Notes
Symbol And Element Name that are NOT related to beginning letters
• K• Potassium• Mn• Manganese• Fe• iron• Cu• copper• As• arsenic• Mg• Magnesium
Symbol And Element Name that are NOT related to beginning letters
• Ag• Silver• Sn• Tin• Sb• Antimony• Au• Gold• Pb• Lead• Na• Sodium• Hg• Mercury
Grouped by State of Matter
• Defined state of matter (phase) the element exists in at room temperature
Solids (Symbol in Black)Liquids (Symbol in Blue) Hg, Ga, BrGas (Symbol in Red)
The periodic table
Organization of elements
• Elements can also be divided up into:– Metals– Nonmetals– Metalloids
Metals
• Found on left side of table and in bottom extensions
• Most are shiny solids that can be stretched and bent (main exception, Mercury)
• Good conductors of heat and electricity– Transfers energy easily
Non metals
• All nonmetals, except hydrogen are found on right side of table
• Can be solids, liquids, or gases
• Typically dull and brittle
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
How do metals differ from non-metals
They are bright and shiny
They are malleable
Conduct electricity
Make up the majority of elements
Metalloids• They are semi conductors
• They have some properties in common with both metals and non-metals
• Ex: Some Metalloids can conduct electricity, but only under certain conditions and in certain directions
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
Identification of element in PT
• The location of any element in the Periodic table can be found by listing its group and period numbers
Period
• Periods = Rows 1. Rows2. The separate two rows
actually are part of the bottom 2 rows in the main body, removed for ease of drawing.
3. Period Numbers increase as you move down the table (hydrogen is in period 1, lithium is in period 2…)
Rows or Periods that have Names
• Lanthanides (part of row 6)– Rare earths
• Actinides (part of row 7)– Natural vs synthetic– transuranium
Group1. Names for the Columns in
the table2. Also called Families3. Some groups have Family
Names ( But not all groups have names)
4. The colored groups are numbered 1A-8A from left to right
5. Roman numbers can be used
6. Other # are used for the uncolored
Families
• Sets of elements that have similar chemical characteristics
• Alkali metals• Alkaline earths• Halogens• Noble gases• Transition metals
Transition metals
Transition metals (the largest group)
• Located in the middle of the periodic table
• Groups 3 through 12 and all elements in the lowest 2 rows
• Includes most of the material we call metal outside of class (Fe, Cu, Ag, Au…)
• Much less reactive, in general, than Alkali, and Alkaline metals and the Halogens
Noble gases
• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Noble gases (The disinterested)
• The far right column• Unreactive to any other materials (Inert)
• All gases, can exist in single atoms
Halogen group
• F, Cl, Br, I, At
Halogens (The Needy, Hooligans)
• 2nd column from right
• Very reactive with hydrogen, or the Alkali metals
• Contains elements in all 3 states of matter at room temp.
Alkali metals
• Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Alkali Metals (The Rich)
• The left-most column, except Hydrogen (though hydrogen acts like the members of this family)
• Soft, shiny
• Reacts violently with water
• All solids at room temp
Alkaline Earth metals
• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Alkaline earth metals
• 2nd column on the left
• Reactive, but not as much as alkalis
Lanthanides• Period 6 • Also called the Rare-earth
elements because they used to be hard to find/refine a large quantity of the element
• They are considered transition metals
• The Lanthanide series can be found naturally on Earth. Only one element in the series is radioactive (Promethium).
Actinides
• Period 7 • All elements in this group are radioactive and some are not found in nature.
• They are considered transition metals
• Some of the elements with higher atomic numbers have only been made in labs.
Group Numbers for Lanthanides and Actinides:
• There is none, they are considered separate from the main part of the periodic table
• Instead of group #, use their names
On the periodic table, be able to label:
– Alkali metals– Alkaline earth metals– Halogens– Noble gases– Lanthanides– Actinides– Transition metals
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