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WRITINGSCHOLARLY ARTICLES
FUNDAMENTALS IN
Professor Dr Zulikha JamaludinUniversiti Utara Malaysiazulie@uum.edu.myA workshop conducted at UTP, Tronoh. 11 Feb 2015
ZULIKHA BINTI JAMALUDINPhD (Computer Science) USM Malaysia
MSc (Computer Science) University of Exeter, England
BSc (Computer Science) University of Lancaster, England
zulie@uum.edu.my
LIFETIME MEMBER OF EMERALD LITERATILISTED IN SCOPUS AUTHOR DIRECTORY SINCE 2003
http://meetingwords.com/UTP-writing
LO for today:
Reformat-STRUCTURE
of a scientific paper
First
(assuming you got the data ready)DRAFT
Select aJOURNAL
THE COURSE
OVERVIEWReading and writingWriting structureWriting processThe structure of a research paperThe paper:
TitleAbstractOutline of contentIntroductionContent methodsContent for different types of paper Conference vs journal papersConclusion
FormattingPublishing – high impact journals
WRITINGSTRUCTURE &PROCESS
“I just put down any sort of rubbish,” a celebrated critic once remarked about his first attempts. And putting down rubbish is good
advice…the truth is that once a sentence is lying on the page, it is
often shatteringly clear what is right and what is wrong with it. Put it down, and go on putting
more of it down. Everything can be mended later
Watson, George (1987) Writing a thesis: a guide to long essays and dissertations. London:
Longman, p. 39
THE STRUCTURETITLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BODY
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
GENERAL
PARTICULAR
PARTICULAR
GENERAL
Everything-in a nutshell Abstract SECOND LAST
The problem + hook Introduction
Ways of solving Methods & experiment
What did I find out & what does it mean? Results & discussion
TTWYHATT Conclusion BEFORE ABSTRACT
People who helped Acknowledgement LAST
Works referred References (literature cited) ALWAYS
THE STRUCTURE OF A
PAPERRESEARCH
YOUR MAIN
CONTENT
Make them the
CENTRALtheme of the article.
two or three…identify
emerging from the important findingsexperiments.
CHOOSING THE
EXAMPLE
Bahasa Melayu reading pattern
of dyslexic children in Kedah.
Ethnographically-informed
systems design for air traffic
control
QoSOnt: a QoS ontology for
service-centric systems
SHORT – 15 words at most
Easy to understand
Precise
Attractive
Reflects the objective of the paper
(It is a ‘promise’)
Show clear relationship between DV & IV
Phrases to AVOID: InvestigationStudyNovel, …
“..a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article.” “..can be the most important paragraph in the article.”
?WHAT IS AN
Abstracts are published separately from articles in on-line indices, SO MAKE IT CLEAR.
?WHAT IS AN
Accurate
Self-contained
Concise and specific
5% of article or 500 words at most
Be creative in generating curiosity
OF GOOD ABSTRACTS
In the last years there has been a high production of groupware systems. However, most of these systems have been based on the desktop metaphor. We propose a translation process based on the use of the conceptual model (or, particularly, on the task model and the data model) of the original application. From this model and by means of a pattern-based reengineering process, we obtain mobile versions of the original systems. In this paper the user interface reengineering process is described and an example of the application of patterns for the evolution of a specific system, Domosim-TPC, is shown.
OF GOOD ABSTRACTS
In this paper, we present a speaker verification system based on the Hidden Markov Models and Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filtering. The aim of using LMS adaptive filtering is to improve the HMMs performance in noisy environments. A Malay spoken digit database is used for the testing and validation modules. It is shown that, in a clean environment a Total Success Rate (TSR) of 89.97% is achieved using HMMs. For speaker verification, the true speaker rejection rate is 25.3% while the impostor acceptance rate is 9.99% and the equal error rate (EER) is 16.66%. In noisy environments without LMS adaptive filtering TSRs of between 43.07%-46.40% are achieved for Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) of 0-30 dBs. Meanwhile, after LMS filtering, TSRs of between 51.26%-54.86% are achieved for SNRs 0-30 dB.
THE BAD ONE…
Three transitional cryomodules (SL21, FEL03, Renascence) have been constructed as part
of an energy upgrade effort at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). Each
transitional cryomodule contains eight superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities.
Within the vacuum vessel, waveguides transmit up to 13 kW of RF power to the
superconducting niobium cavities. The waveguides also provide the thermal transition
between the room temperature ceramic RF window and the niobium fundamental power
coupler (FPC), a 300K temperature gradient across ~20cm! The thermal performance of
the waveguides is determined in part by the placement of heat stations and bellows. The
original 13 kW waveguide design incorporated a single 60 K heat station and two bellows
resulting in a total heat load (static + dynamic) to the FPC of ~3W per waveguide. To
minimize this heat load and stabilize the FPC temperatures, a 2K superfluid helium heat
station design was incorporated into the second transitional cryomodule, FEL03, installed
in the JLab Free Electron Laser (FEL). The designed heat station is capable of removing up
to 1.12W , with a bath emperature of 2.05K, while remaining sub-lambda. This paper
describes the design, analysis and testing of the heat station.
KEYWORDSSELECTION
NOTES ON
Choose keywords with enough
search volumeChoose long tail keywords
Use the keywords in
the article title
Use sparingly in the body –
not overstated
INTRODUCTION
BODY
CONCLUSION
Provide problem &
hook (significant)
State claim
NOT in the form of
research report title
Tell what we have
already told
NO NEW input
INTRODUCTION
dyslexic children and pesona
design
primary pesona reading pattern
requirement definition document
Storyboard with interaction design
analysis
the DC-READ prototype
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION
SECTION 3
ADVICEWords of
NEVER EVER start writing a
section until we are satisfied
with our outline (approved by supervisors? Co-authors?...)
TH
IS IS N
OT
A G
OO
D IntroductionA methodology for developing multimedia courseware
The changing roles and challenges for better quality of
education evolves the need for the development of diverse
and efficient teaching methods….
:
.
In Malaysian education scenario, to accept the challenges
for a better quality of education, the government has
introduce many projects…
:
Reaching back too far!
TH
E IN
TR
OD
UC
TIO
N TEMPLATE
“In studying <1- the semantic meaning of thetopic>, these keywords is operationally defined as<2- the operational definition of the keywordsappeared in the title>. As such <3-majorproblems/gap> will be examined. In order to do so,<4- the variables related to major problems> mustbe investigated. So that in the end <5- the claim orthe significance>can be shown/proven.“
Note:Items 2, 3, 4 – can be more than one variable.
The scene
The ‘bridge’
The thesis statement/claim
Read ...
Read ...
Read ...
Read ...
Read ...
PRELIM LIT REV
formulate PROBLEMSTATEMENT
TYPE A /TYPE B
PROBLEM
evaluateTHE
RESEARCH
GAP
Inadequate
Mixed/limited results Bias
Inco
nsisten
ceX p
op
ula
tio
n
X outcome
FLAWS
The Gap!
Where do they ?
TITL
E (1
00
0)
AB
STR
AC
T (1
00
)
INTR
O (
10
0)
CO
NC
LUSI
ON
(1
00
)
REF
EREN
CE
(50
)
BO
DY
1 (
10
)
BO
DY
2 (
10
)
BO
DY
n (
3)
H TMAP
This study aims at producing a method for detecting lies in
religious websites using familiar interaction design dimensions
Method Lies
Detection
IxD
dimension
Religious
sites
process
techniqueprocedure
Best
practice
pattern
entity
tools
text
video
animation
audio
graphic
combination
identify
highlight
capture
deleteupdate
dbase
activate
agent
Islam
Christian
HinduBudha
form
behaviour
content
combination
justification
justification
justification
justificationjustification
EXAMPLE
FIL
LIN
G U
P T
HE
CONTENT
METHODSFINDINGS
Overall study
Collect data
Analyse data
Overall study
Collect data
Analyse data
Overall study
Collect data
Analyse data
STATISTICS
INFORMATIONFACTS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
ILLUSTRATION
LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND
NOTE ON
“To make my work looks GOOD, I have to make other people’s
work look BAD”
LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND
NOTE ON
Warmly acknowledge
Be generous
“In his inspiring paper, Ali (2009) shows.... We develop his foundation in the following ways...”
Accurate
Be Highly SELECTIVEEnsure that they support our
points (RQs)Choose the most recent
Use correct formattingDo not try to impress by
over-referencing
LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND
NOTES ON
60 CITE?
THE WORK HAS CREDIBILITY
CREDITS TO ORIGINAL AUTHORS
AVOID PLAGIARISM
Ign
oran
ce is not a
n excu
se.
PARENTHETICAL CITATION/IN-TEXT CITATION
According to Jones & Alford (2005) and Westlow (2009), global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese.
Recent studies claim that global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese (Jones & Alford, 2005; Westlow, 2009).
According to Jones and Alford (2005) and Westlow (2009), global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese.ORRecent studies claim that global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese (Jones & Alford, 2005; Westlow, 2009).
REFERENCE Jone, A. J. & Alford, K. (2005). Global warming and the current
climate. Climate Trends. 25(3). 56-64.
Westlow, S. R. (2009). The world is warmer. New York: Thomson.
REFER HO10
JOURNALARTICLECONFERENCE vs
Refer hand-out
Data without its applicationsData without scientific discussion
Insufficient reviews of the literature
AVOID
CONCLUSIONW
RIT
ING
TH
E Midastouchit is about leaving a magical impact
Intro repeatingNearest closing
Objective emphasisQuotation
Anecdote closingNatural closing
SummaryDirect statement
TYPES
GRAMMAR
Disturbing
Critical
Average
Adapted from Funk, McMahan & Day (2000). The Craft of
Editing.Springer-Verlag
Run-on sentenceIts/it’sSpelling mistakes:
effect/affect
Mechanics: list, bullets, commaNon-parallelVerb disagreement
Different from/thanCompare with/toSplit infinitive
MECHANICS OF WRITING
LIST?
Parallel?
Punctuation?
QUOTATION?PARAGRAPHING?
CO
NTR
OLLIN
G S
EN
TEN
CE?
COLON?COMMA?
GRAPHICSIN
CLU
DIN
GAccording to purpose
Have convention
Must have reference in text
Reference is close to the illustration/figure/table
Must have caption and numbering
Avoid “figure above” or “figure below”
WHYPUBLISH?
Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community
(first sentence of Chapter
1, Publication Manual of the APA)
Scientific journals are the repository
of the accumulated knowledge in a field
TIPSON SELECTING
LIST 10 PEER REVIEWED
JOURNALS IN YOUR FIELD
NEVER SUBMIT TO A JOURNAL
YOU NEVER READ
TALK TO YOUR LIBRARIAN
JOURNALS
A proper choice can make a larger impact of the research
Get to know the focus and readership of the journal that you are considering.
Does your referencescite journals in the appropriate area?
CRITERIA in choosing a
JOURNALSc
op
e o
f jo
urn
al
Ind
exin
g
Imp
act
fact
or
Pu
blic
atio
n f
req
uen
cy
Du
rati
on
to
pu
blis
h
Du
rati
on
of
revi
ew
Frie
nd
lines
s o
f ed
ito
r
Rej
ecti
on
rat
e
Ref
eren
ce
SECTION 9
EXAMPLECONFERENCE&JOURNALARTICLES
CONCEPT PAPERS? SUPPORTING THEORIES? RESULTS? PROTOTYPE?
ICOCI (Scopus)
KMICE (ISI)
ICSE (IEEE)
ISI-indexed
EMERALD JOURNAL(Scopus)
ELSEVIER JOURNAL
SECTION 9
INDEXEDJOURNAL?
IEEE(IEL /IEEE Xplore)
Ei
Scopus(ScieVerse)
ACM
CO
MP
EN
DEX
ELSEVIER
ISI (Thompson)
WEB
OF S
CIEN
CE
is a measure of the scientific prestige of scholarly sources: value of weighted citations per document.
Average number of times articles from the journal published in the past two years have been cited in the JCR year.
Why impact factors and all?
2.5 million publications/year...Reading publications is impossible!
IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?
SECTION 9
IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?
E.g., the 2009 Impact factor for the journal JIT =
Number of times articles published in JIT during 2007 & 2008 were cited in indexed journals* during 2009
Number of articles published in JIT in 2007 & 2008)
*Only references in articles within the journals indexed in Web of Science are counted; does not
include citations that may cite the articles in JIT from book chapters, proceedings, or other journals
that are not indexed in Web of Science
SECTION 9
IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?
E.g., the 2009 SJR for the journal ABC =
year 2009 weighted citation* to 2008+2007+2006 articlesTotal number of articles published in 2008+2007+2006
*Only references in articles within the journals indexed in Scopus are counted
SECTION 9
(whatever the reason, in my heart, I believe that There is no replacement for reading papers!! )
Read Handout 5 –Impact factor game
"Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can
be counted." -Albert Einstein
SECTION 9
NOTE!
Journal metrics should only be compared
across the same discipline or sub-discipline,
due to varying citation traditions.
At present, none of the journal ranking tools
adequately categorise multi-disciplinary
journals.
!! KNOW YOUR FIELD.
All ACM journals need ACM classification.
-can obtain
related journals
related conferences
JOURNALARTICLESADHERING TO THE FORMAT
Sure way to annoy a reviewer: do a poor job of
formatting your paper
Many journal editors are
going to do a format
check before the reviewer
even sees the manuscript
JOURNALARTICLESADHERING TO THE FORMAT
JICT-UUM –refer format
IJHCS-AP–refer format
http://jict.uum.edu.my
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622846/authorinstructions
Every review is gold dust
Be truly grateful for criticism as well
as praise
(This is really, really, really
hard but it’s really, really,
really, really, really, really Important)
LISTENINGTOYOUR REVIEWERS
SECTION 10
Submission – online/email editor-in-chief ( jict.uum.edu.my)
Technical editor review board/editor-in-chief
Editorial review board – peer review
Results – 2-10 weeks
Acceptance? Reject?
Amendments + rebuttal– 2 weeks
Copyright agreement
Publish 1-2 years
WH
AT’s
SECTION 11
NEXT?STEPS IN PUBLISHING YOUR WORK
1. Pick a time for a bout 2-3 hours DAILY – late night? Early in the
morning? Noon? –the time that you’re most comfortable with.
2. Be discipline, maintain continuity. Write daily or else the
momentum will decrease.
3. Make an outline, build the section with annotations and
references.
4. Pick anywhere to write, not necessarily be in sequence of
sections in the paper.
5. Set target: exampletoday must finish section 3.2.
6. Set a meeting every month with friends for
dicussion/presentation/progress
SECTION 11
FINAL REMARKS:
STRATEGY
Combined with advice from Prof Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Bin Mohd Ihsan, (2010). Catatan pengalaman dan
tatacara penulisan dalam ISI/Jurnal bidang kejuruteraan/sains dan teknologi. Bangi: UKM
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