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Fundamentally strongup to a point
Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011
An affiliate of
Euro Chlor provides a focal point for the chlor-alkali industry’s drive to achieve a sustainable future through economically and environmentally sound manufacture and use of its products. Based in Brussels, at the heart of the European Union, the federation works with national, European and international authorities to ensure that legislation affecting the industry is workable, efficient and effective.
Euro Chlor©
Avenue E Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, box 2 - B-1160 Brussels - BelgiumT +32 2 676 72 11 - F + 32 2 676 72 41eurochlor@cefic.be - www.eurochlor.org
10 Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011
Cover picture: Chlorine is produced in electrolysis cells, where an electric current is sent through brine, a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in water. Salt, water and electricity – the three basic raw materials of chlorine/caustic production – form the central themes of our Industry Review trilogy 2008-2011.In the 2008-2009 edition, we published artist’s impressions of electric current. The cover of the 2009-2010 Review was illustrated with beautiful water droplets, and this new edition shows salt crystals in their cubic mineral form.
Fundamentally strongup to a point
CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Euro Chlor wishes to express its special thanks to the following individuals and companies which provided pictures and illustrations for this Review: AkzoNobel, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Isabelle Coppens, Michel Dvorak, ECSA, ECVM, INEOS ChlorVinyls, IUPAC – UNESCO, Françoise Minne, Solvay SOLARIMPULSE, Tecnopol srl, Tessenderlo Chemie
Design by www.witvrouwen.be
01 Introduction 04 Fundamentallystrong-uptoapoint
02 Sustainability 06 Learningsfromthefirst10yearprogramme
03 RegulatoryAffairs 22 Science-basedlegislationtosupportinnovation
04 Science 30 Effectiveadvocacybasedonsoundscience
05 Communication&education 38 Relevant,reliableandtimelyinformation
06 Industryoverview 42 Europeanchlor-alkaliindustryshootsbackup
07 Chlorineproductionplants 48 January2011
08 EuroChlor 50 Inthecentreofchlor-alkaliregulatoryandHSEissues
CH 02 03CONTENTS
CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-201104
01 Introduction
Askyourselfwhatfactorsneedtobeaddressedtobringaboutrecoveryfromtheeconomictur-moilwehaveexperiencedoverthepastthreeyearsandcompetitivitywillprobablybehighonyourlist.Nextaskwhataffectsyourabilitytocompeteandwhatcanyoudotocontrolitandensureyourcommercialfutureandtheanswersarealittlemoredifficulttofind.
Let’sbemorespecificandaskwhatcanbedonetoenabletheEuropeanChlorAlkaliIn-dustrytocompetewithinternationalcompeti-torsandpreventanerosionofmarketshare.
ThequestionisnotatrivialoneastheanswerdictatestheunderlyingmessageofEuroChlor’sadvocacyworkintheCommissionandEuropeanParliament.Areweafundamentallywellrun,costefficientindustrywhoneedstobenurturedorareweunabletorepeltheun-
deniablystrongcompetitionfromotherpartsoftheworlddoomingustoaslowandpainfuldemise!
Iamfirmlyconvincedthatitisnotthelatter–butthisisnottosaythatourfutureisguar-anteed.Wehavetoworktirelesslyinpursuitofourcompetitivenessandsustainability.
ReassuringlytheCommissionrecognisestheimportanceofEuropeancompetitivenessandhaslaunchedaninitiativetopromotethecompetitivenessofEuropeanindustry.CalledEurope Flagship 2020: An Industrial Policy for the Globalization Era itsays ’Industry must be placed centre stage if Europe is to remain a global Economic Leader’.ParaphrasingViceCom-missionerAntonioTajani“OnlyaEuropeanIndustrialPolicytargetingcompetitivenessandsustainabilitycanmusterthecriticalmassofchangeandcoordinationneededforsuccess.(…)Therewillbenosustainabilitywithoutcompetitiveness,andtherewillbenolong-lastingcompetitivenesswithoutsustain-ability.Andtherewillbenoneofthemwithoutaquantumleapininnovation!”
Meanwhile,themajorcostdriverforourin-dustryiselectricitywhichwiththehighestpriceintheworld–morethandoublecomparedtosomeregions–isaheavyburdentobear.Electricityefficiencyofourmembercompaniesisamongstthebestintheworldwhichunliketheelectricitycostissomethingwhichisunderourowncontrol.Thisistestamenttoourgoodindustrialandmanagementskillsandisproofpositivetomyearlierassertion.
Fundamentallystrong,up to a point
Thecurrentworktowinstateaidcompensa-tiontooffsetcarbondioxideemissioncostsforintensiveenergyconsumersiscrucialinthedriveforcompetitiveness.Thisiswheretheopeningquestionsbecomerelevant.Wearenotacrippledindustrylookingforhandoutsjusttoprolongtheagonyofinevitablefailure.Weareafundamentallyhealthyindustryabletocompetewiththerestoftheworldbut only up to a point.TheEuropeaneconomyneedsin-dustrieslikeoursabletoprovideemployment,paytaxes,andtoprovidethechemicalbuildingblocksforothermanufacturingindustries.
Thoughgovernmentsmaybereluctanttouselimitedcashresourcestosupportindustry,recognitionofdeserving,legitimatecaseslikeoursisvitalifEuropeanIndustrialPolicyinitia-tivesreferredtoabovearetobecredible.
Weremainoptimisticofapositiveoutcomebytheendof2011.
Handinglovewithcompetitivenessissus-tainability,anareawherewehavemuchtobeproudof.Ourfirst10yearsustainabilityprogrammeachievednotablesuccesseswithincreasedenergyefficiency,mercuryemissionreductionandtheincreaseduseofhydrogen(detailscanbefoundinSection2followingthisforeword).Oursecond10yearinitiativeonthejourneytowardsourgoalofindustrialimmortalityisnowlaunched.Wehavetakentheopportunitytobroadenourapproachtoincludeaspectsofeconomicandsocialfactors.
Thiswilltaketheformofsuccessstoriesshowingtheprogresswearemakinginareaslikebetterwaterusage,conservationoflocalwildlifehabitatsandthesociallyresponsibleuseofourproducts.
Weshouldnotdeludeourselvesontheeasebywhichwecanachievethisoreventheenthusiasmrequiredtocarryitthrough.Itisamajorchallengewhichwemustrespondtoasbefitsaseniorsectorofthechemicalindustryasawhole.Overthelasttwentyfiveyearswehavebuiltanadmirablereputationbasedontransparencyandawillingnesstoengageindebatewiththevariousauthoritiesusingsoundscienceandcommonsensetosubstan-tiateourpointofview.Ournewsustainabilityprogrammewilladvanceourreputationstillfurtherbyacknowledgingtheglobalissuesofavailabilityofcleanwater,feedingagrowingpopulationandbiodiversity.
Bealertfornewcommunicationsmaterialandbepreparedtouseitincommunicatingwithyouremployees,neighboursandnationalauthorities.Iwishyouasuccessfulandinterestingyear!
AlistairJ.SteelExecutive Director
PolyvinylchlorideorPVCiswidelyusedin
carmanufacturing(e.g.dashboards)andpiping Te
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CH 02 INTRODUCTION 05
CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-201106
02 Sustainability
Learnings from the first 10 year programme
”This first 10 year sustainability programme has helped us to better understand the trends in our industry. If some indicators showed clear improvements, even better than targeted, some others did not, and the companies have been asked to analyze their own performances and draw the conclusions for possible actions.At the other end, it appeared clearly that some of the indicators could be presented in a more positive way and that new interesting indicators could be added: this is the objective of a new programme.”
Alistair J. Steel
UnifiedstrategicapproachAlloftheEuropeanchlorinemanufacturingmembersofEuroChloragreedonanindustry-widestrategythatfocusedonsixvoluntarycommitments.Thesewerefirstdevelopedtoensureaunitedindustryapproachandcommitmenttoaddresskeysustainabilityconcerns:•Includeenvironmental,socialandeconomic
factorsinallstrategicbusinessdecisions;•Optimizeenergyefficiencyinchlorinepro-
duction;•Reducewaterusagethroughrecycling;•Continuouslyreducepollutingemissionsto
water,airandland;•Usemorehydrogengeneratedbytheindus-
tryasarawmaterialorfuel;•Givehighprioritytosafetransportationof
chlorine.
Withinthisframework,15performanceindica-torsweredefinedabout10yearsago,someofthemwithanimprovementtargetfor2010,inthefollowingmainareas:economicaspectsofproduction,environmentalprotection,safetyandsocialprogress.Eachyear,producershavereportedtheirprogresstoEuroChlor,whichconsolidatedtheresultsfortheassociation’sManagementCommitteepriortoannualpubli-cationoftheindustry’sperformance.
Inthissection,wesummarizethefinalresultsofthis10yearprogramme.Notalltheindica-torsshowthesamedegreeofprogress,butthelessonslearnedfromthisexercisewereveryusefulforthecompaniesandtheassociation,andtheManagementCommitteehasdecidedtoproposeanewprogrammeforthefuture.
EconomiccontributionEnergyuseTarget:By2010,reduceindustry-wideenergyconsumptionby5%intermsofkWh/tonneofchlorineproducedcomparedwiththe2001baseyear.
Update:forthelastyearoftheprogramme,theaverageenergyconsumptiondroppedsignificantlywithavalueof3,358kWh/tofchlorineproduced,about100kWhlowerthanthetarget,confirmingthegeneraltrendrelatedtotheprogressiveconversionfrommercurytomembranetechnology.
Background:Sinceelectricityisanindispens-ablerawmaterialofthechlorineproductionprocess,thebasicconsumption–correspond-ingtotheelectrochemicalreaction–cannotbesignificantlyreduced.However,convertingonetechnologyintoamoreefficientonemaysaveacertainamountofenergyand,toalesserdegree,reduceancillaryenergyuse.Theenergyindicatorisweight-averagedacrossallproduc-ersandbasedonsteamandelectricity.Energyismainlyusedforelectrolysis(transformers,rectifiersandcells)andalsoforilluminationandmotorpower(pumps,compressors,cen-trifuges,etc.).Steamisusedmainlyforcausticsodaconcentrationto50%andforminorutilitypurposes.
HydrogenproducedinchlorinemanufacturecanbeusedeffectivelyforpowergenerationviafuelcelltechnologyV
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Goal:95%useofhydrogenby2010Goal:5%reductionby 2010
Energyconsumption
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Hydrogenutilization
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HydrogenutilizationTarget:Increaseuseofhydrogengasfrom80%(2001)to95%by2010.
Update:In2010,thepercentageofhydrogenuseincreasedagain,reachingforthefirsttimemorethan90%(90.4%).Thisvalueremainsneverthelessquitelowcomparedtothetargetof95%.Aboutonefourthofthecompaniesarestillbelow80%,withafewremainingaround50%.
Comment:Asseveralfuelcellsprojectshavebeenannounced,andwiththedevelopmentofoxygendepolarizedcathodes(nohydrogenproduction),weareconfidentthatthispositivetrendwillcontinue,evenifslowly,inthefuture!
Background:High-qualityhydrogenisco-pro-ducedwithchlorineandcausticsodaduringtheelectrolysisofbrine.Thiscanbeusedasarawmaterialforotherprocessesorasfueltoproducesteam;technologiesaretodayinfinalindustrialdevelopmenttoallowforlocalelec-tricityrecoveryviafuelcells.Seepicturep.07.
ManufacturingtechnologyTarget:Thepercentageofchlorineproducedbymercurycells,diaphragmcells,membranecellsandothertechnologieswillbecommuni-catedonayearlybasis.
Update: Membranetechnologynowrepresentsmorethanthehalf(51.2%)oftheinstalledproductioncapacityofEuroChlormembers.Themercuryprocessaccountsfor31.8%atthebeginningof2011,continuingtheprogressivephaseoutofthistechnologyinlinewiththe
ChlorAlkalisector’svoluntaryagreement.Thediaphragmprocessstillaccountsforabitlessthan14%ofthetotalcapacity.Seealsothegraphonp.47.
EconomicdevelopmentTarget:EuroChlorhasdecidedtoreportmonthly,quarterlyandannuallydataonEuropeanproductionofchlorineandcausticsoda.Thisincludesutilizationrates,causticstocks,capacityandtechnologybyplantsandapplications.
Update: In2010,EuroChlorcontinuedtopub-lishonitswebsiteanddistributetothemediafiguresformonthlychlorineproductionandcausticsodastocks.TheIndustryReviewin-cludeseveryyearamapofEuropeshowingthelocationofallplantsandatableindicatingthelocation,ownership,technologiesandcapacityofeachplant(seep.49forthesituationatthebeginningof2010).
Safety&socialprogressLost-timeinjuriesTarget:Reducelost-timeinjuries(LTI)to1.3permillionworkinghoursforallworkers-bothcompanyemployeesandcontractorsworkinginproductionunits.
Update: Thegeneraltrendisgoingslightlyintherightdirection(particularlyforthecontrac-tors),butthevaluesarestillfarfromthetarget(7.5forcompaniesand7.8forcontractorsrespectively).
CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-201108
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Comment:Allkindsofaccidentsarecon-sideredhere-notonlythosespecifictothechlor-alkaliindustry.Itisalsoimportanttonotethattheindicatorsarerelatedtotheproduc-tionunits(andoftenmaintenanceactivities)withoutintegratingtheadministrativeandcommercialentities,thatallowlowerglobalfiguresatcompanylevel.Nevertheless,anumberofcompaniesstillhavealargemarginofimprovementforbothindicators.
Background:Alosttimeinjury(LTI)resultsinatleastonedayofabsencefromwork.ItisreportedasthenumberofLTIpermillionworkinghours.Thefiguresfromcompaniesreportingonathreedayperiodofabsenceareconvertedtoa“oneday”equivalentusingaCeficcorrelation.
ProcessincidentsandlossesTarget:A75%reductioninthenumberofpro-cessincidentsfrom67(2001)to15.
Update:Afteraremarkabledecreaseinthenumberofaccidents,theindicatorsremainedfor3yearsatthelevelofthetargetbeforeincreasingsignificantlyinthelastfewyearstoreachavalueof27.
Comment:Pastresultsshowthatthe2010targetcanbeachieved,buteffortsareneededinthefuture.
PVCsustainabledevelopmentontrackdespitetheglobalrecession
AsreportedbyVinyl2010inits2011annualprogressre-port,theEuropeanPVCindustryrecyclednearly261,000tonnesofthischorine-basedplasticin2010,exceedingbyfarthe10-yeartargetof200,000tonnespost-consumerPVCtoberecycledandthisdespitethedifficultiesfacedintheyearsofcrisis.
Alltheinformationreportedisindependentlyauditedandverifiedbyexternalthirdparties.ThenewestReportVinyl2010–10yearscanbeconsultedanddownloadedfromwww.vinyl2010.org.
Vinyl 2010 is a voluntary commitment from industrygroups representing the complete PVC value-chain: theEuropean Council of Vinyl Manufacturers (ECVM), theEuropeanPlasticsConverters(EuPC),theEuropeanSta-biliser Producers Association (ESPA) and the EuropeanCouncilforPlasticisersandIntermediates(ECPI).
PVCconstitutesoneofthemostsustainablematerialsinconstruction
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Background:Incidentsareclassifiedaseventsinvolvingafire,explosionorthereleaseofchlorine,hydrochloricacid,sulphuricacid,sodiumhypochlorite(bleach)orcausticsoda,whichcauseafatality,seriousinjuryorpropertydamageexceeding€100,000.Lossesincludeanyoftheabovechemicalspillsinair,waterorland,whichimpacthumanhealthortheenvi-ronment,propertyorresultinevacuation.
TransportationTargets:Thetonnageofchlorinetransportedwillbereportedannuallyaswellasthemodeoftransportinvolved;additionally,zero‘transportincidents’involvingthebulkmovementofchlorineby2010hasbeensetasatarget.
Update:Twotransportationincidentswerereportedin2010,whilefouroccurredin2009andonlyonein2008.Thequantityofchlorinetransportedin2010increasedabitafterthedipcausedbytheeconomiccrisis,butstillisatalowervaluethanin2008:chlorineproduc-ersinEuropetransported522,000tonnesofchlorine,withalmost80%beingshippedbyrailandtheremainderbyroad.Thetransportofchlorine(excludingpipelines)representedalittlemorethan5%ofthe2010production.Theaveragedistancechlorinewastransportedbyrailremainedabout490kmand190kmbyroad.
Background:A“chlorinetransportincident”isonewhicheitherinvolvesdeathorinjury,aspill/leakofmorethan5kg,substantialpropertydamage,publicdisruptionofmorethanonehourortheinterventionofemergencyservicesormediacoverage.Theamountof
chlorinetransportedinEuropebyrailandroadhashalvedduringthepastdecade.Chlorinemovementhasbeendecoupledfromproduc-tionthroughsupplier/customerrelocationsandmoreuseoflocalpipelines.Railtransportdominates;roadtransportforbulksupplyisusedonlyintheUnitedKingdomand,toalimitedextent,inSpain,FranceandPortugal.
Note:noneoftheincidentshasledtoachlo-rineleak.
ResponsibleCareTarget:Allchlorine-producingmembersofEuroChlortosignuptothe‘ResponsibleCare’initiativesby2010.
Update: Threecompaniesofthe35werenotconvincedofthedesirabilityofaformalcommitmentandhadstillnotsignedfortheprogrammeattheendof2010.
Background:ResponsibleCareisthechemicalindustry’sglobalvoluntaryinitiativebywhichcompanies,throughnationalassociations,worktogethertocontinuouslyimprovetheirhealth,safetyandenvironmentalperformanceandtocommunicatewithstakeholdersabouttheirproductsandprocesses.ResponsibleCarewasconceivedinCanadaandlaunchedin1985toaddresspublicconcernsaboutchemi-calmanufacture,distributionanduse.Thenumberofnationalchemicalindustryassocia-tionsembracingtheResponsibleCareethichasgrownconsiderablyfrom6to52countriessince1992.
10 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
ResponsibleCare®istheglobalchemicalindustryinitiativetocontinuouslyimprovehealth,safetyandenvironmentalperformance
Environmentalprotection-COCemissionsTarget:Emissionsof22chlorinatedorganiccompounds(COCs)tobereducedin2010by75%towaterandby50%toairagainstthe2001baseyear.
Update:Atendoftheprogramme,COCemis-sionsfrommanufacturingplantsconfirmedgloballytheresultsfromthelastyearsforbothwaterandaircompartments,withevensomefurtherimprovementfortheairemissions;theconsolidatedvaluesstayedat78%reductionforwater,andreachedmorethan75%fortheairperformance.
Background:TheCOCswereselectedfromvariousinternationalregulatoryprioritylistsforemissionsreductionsandcomprisethefollow-ingsubstances:1,1,1-trichloroethane;1,1,2-tri-chloroethane;1,2-dichlorobenzene;1,2-dichloroethane;1,4-dichlorobenzene;2-chlorophenol;3-chlorophenol;4-chlorophenol;carbontetra-chloride;chlorine;chlorobenzene;chloroform;dichloromethane;dioxins&furans(asTEQ);hexachlorobenzene;hexachlorobutadiene;hexachlorocyclohexane;pentachlorophe-nol;tetrachloroethylene;trichlorobenzene;trichloroethyleneandvinylchloride.In2005,pentachlorobenzenewasaddedtothelistofthesubstancestobemonitored,inlinewiththerequirementsoftheEUWaterFrameworkDirective.Toprovidealonger-termperspec-tiveofthesector’scommitmenttoreducingemissions,thedatashownspanstheperiod1985-2010.
CH 02
TrainedasachemicalengineerandwithalongexperienceinchlorineproductionunitswithintheSolvayGroup,Jean-PolDebellehasbeensecondedtoEuroChlorformorethansixyearstotakechargeofthetechnicalaspectsofhealth,safetyandenvironmentalprotectionissues(HSE).
ContinuousimprovementinHSEfieldsThetechnicalactivitiesoftheassociationstartedwithitscre-ationmorethan60yearsago.SeveralWorkingGroupsfacili-tatedexperienceexchangesbetweenmembercompaniesinthesafety,healthandenvironmentalprotectionareas.Thisexperienceisformalizedinthepublicationofguidancedocuments,periodicallyupdatedandsharedwithallmem-bersviatheEuroChlorwebsite.Onaglobal level (theWorldChlorineCouncil),EuroChlorisworkingwith its internationalpartnerassociationstoen-hanceHSEaspectsofchlor-alkaliproduction,andespeciallyonsafetyviatheWorldChlorineCouncilGlobalSafetyTeam(WCC GST), whose secretariat Euro Chlor is managing fortwoyears.
InsupportofregulatoryworkThetechnicalactivitiesincludesupporttotheregulatoryac-tivitiesofEuroChlorthroughthecollectionandanalysisoftechnicaldata.Thisrangesfromworkers’exposuretochlorine,mercuryandelectromagneticfieldstoemissionsofmercurytoair,waterandproducts,handlingofwaste,evolutionoftheproductiontechnologiesandspecificenergyconsumption.EuroChlorisalsoworkingcloselywiththenationalauthori-tiesforthepreparationofthenewBATreferencedocument(BREF) which is of vital importance for the permitting ofchlor-alkaliproductionactivitiesinEurope.EuroChlorhasjustcompleteda10yearsustainabilitymoni-toring programme during which the evolution of a largenumberofsustainabilityparametersarepublishedannually,contributing to the transparency of the sector towards allstakeholders.
Jean-PolDebelleTechnicalDirector
“Continuousim-provementinsafety,healthandenviron-mentalprotectionremainsastrongbasicmissionofourassociation.”
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MercuryemissionsTarget:Althoughallotherprogrammedeadlinesarefor2010,theindustrydecidedtomaintainanearlier1998commitmenttoachieveby2007anemissiontargetof1.5gHg/tchlorinecapacityforeachindividualplant.Theindustryelectedtokeeptheearlierdate,sincefromOctober2007allEUchlor-alkaliplantswhethermembrane,mercuryordiaphragmsrequireanoperatingpermitundertheIntegratedPollutionPreventionandCon-trol(IPPC)Directive.
Update: OverallEuropeanemissionsin2010amountedto0.88gHg/tonnechlorinecapa-city,witharealimprovementcomparedtothepreviousyears(0.93gHg/tin2009and0.92gHg/tin2008).TheaveragemercuryemissionsforWesternEuropeancountriesremainedatabout0.76g/tcapacity(seegraphonp.13).
Comment:Plantsthathadquitehighemis-sionsintheliquideffluentlastyeardidshowsomenoticeableimprovement,enablingglobalemissionstostartgoingdownagain.Unfor-tunately,fourplantsarestillabovethe2007targetof1.5gHg/tonnechlorinecapacityforthetotalemissions,oneofthembeingevenatthelevelof2.5gHg/tchlorinecapacity.
ProductknowledgeTarget:Theindustryagreedtoprovidefulleco-toxicologicalandenvironmentaldataon29chlorinatedsubstancesundertheInterna-tionalCouncilofChemicalAssociations/OECDinitiativeonhighproductionvolume(HPV)chemicals.
Update:Thesedatahavebeenpublished-exceptforfourHPVchemicalswhichwereeithernolongerrelevant(notcommerciallyavailableanymore)orarecoveredunderREACHwitharegistrationdeadlineofDecem-ber1st2010.KeysubstancepropertydataofsubstancesregisteredunderREACHwillbemadepubliclyavailable.
EnvironmentalaccreditationTarget:AllfullmemberstogainEMASand/oratleastISO14001EnvironmentalAccreditationfortheirplantsby2010.
Update: therewasanincreaseinthenumberofISO14001accreditationsin2010,from54to57onatotalof66plants.Therearestill14productionsiteswithEMASaccreditation.
Background:EMAS(TheEco-ManagementandAuditScheme)istheEUvoluntaryinstru-mentwhichacknowledgesorganizationsthatimprovetheirenvironmentalperformanceonacontinuousbasis.EMASregisteredorganiza-tionsarelegallycompliant,runanenvironmen-talmanagementsystemandreportontheirenvironmentalperformancethroughpublica-tionofanindependentlyverifiedenvironmentalstatement.ISO14001isaninternationalqual-ityassurancestandardtoevaluateanorganiza-tion’senvironmentalmanagementsystemsandencouragecontinuousimprovement.Ithelpsorganizationsminimisenegativeenvi-ronmentalimpacts(onair,waterorland),andcomplywithapplicablelaws/regulationsandotherenvironmentally-orientedrequirements.ItisoftenthecasethatISO14001isusedasapartoftheEMASregistrationprocess.
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12 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Wolfgang Marquardt studied chemistry and sharpened hisprofile on toxicology during his PhD thesis in Munich. HejoinedEuroChlor in 2007.WolfgangMarquardt startedassciencemanagerintheEuropeanChlorinatedSolventAsso-ciation(ECSA),becomingsectorgroupmanagerofECSAin2009.HeisresponsiblefortheECSAmanagementandthedifferentworkinggroupssuchastheGeneralTechnical,Oc-cupationalandEnvironmentalHealth,Product,Communica-tionandOutreach,andSustainabilityGroups.
ECSAsustainabilityprogrammeinanutshellECSAstarteditssustainabilityprogrammein2007withtheambitiousaimtocoverthewholechlorinatedsolventsvaluechain.Theprogrammewaspreparedbyanindependentcon-sultancywiththemissiontoensureresponsibleproduction,distribution,useandend-of-lifemanagementofchlorinatedsolvents.Nineobjectivesweresetunderthethreevisionele-ments:Sustainabilitybyproductandapplication;Valuechainengagement;Stakeholderengagementandcommunication.
ECSA reviewed the progress in 2011. The sheer number ofresultsisalreadyimpressive:forexample,ECSAanalyzed60applicationsandsummarizedrecommendations forsafe&sustainableuseofchlorinatedsolventsinanonlinetoolbox.ThisProduct&ApplicationToolboxcontainsrecommenda-tionsformorethan350individualactivities.
Notonlythequantitybutalsothequalityoftheresultsinthesustainabilityprogrammeisworthyofmention:forexample,oneof thesixawarenessprogrammeswiththevaluechainhasledtoanExcellenceAwardforECSA’scontribution.
European Chlorinated Solvents Producers can be proud ofthe substantial progress that has been made under theirECSA Sustainability Programme between 2007 and 2011.ECSA will continue its efforts in pro-active communicationtowardsstakeholders,suchastherevampedwebsitewhichdelivers comprehensive information about chlorinated sol-ventsandadds tools fora furtherdialoguewith thedown-streamusersofchlorinatedsolvents.
WolfgangMarquardtECSAManager
“WecanreportsubstantialprogressinourECSAsustain-abilityprogramme”
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14 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
ECSA Sustainability Programme: Progress Report 2007-2011
VisionElementSustainabilitybyproduct
&application
VisionElementStakeholderengagement
&communication
VisionElementValuechainengagement
VisionRecognizedasasustainableindustry,deliveringbeneficialproducts&services,
whilstmeetingandanticipatingsocietal,environmentalandhealthneeds
MissionECSAactivelydrivesasustainabilityprogrammeensuringresponsibleproduction,use
andend-of-lifemanagementofitsproductsalongthevaluechain;itworkstogetherwithkeystakeholdersandcommunicatesprogress
Oneofthewell-researchedcategoriesofchem-icals,chlorinatedsolventsareusedinavarietyofapplications,whicharemainlyindustrial.Thepropertiesandthehealthandenvironmen-talcharacteristicsoftheseproductshavebe-comebetterknownovertheyears;asaresult,thechlorinatedsolventsindustryhasengagedinactiveriskmanagementandriskreductionprogrammes,including,forexample,thede-velopmentofsolventsmanagementservices.
DuringthecourseofimplementingmeasuresundertheECSASustainabilityProgramme,theREACHlegislationwasintroducedinEurope,andECSAintegratedREACHaspectsintotheexistingSustainabilityProgramme.TheECSASustainabilityProgrammeallowsECSAtoreviewconsistentlyandindepththesustain-abilityofchlorinatedsolvents,andtosetitselfchallengingthoughachievablelong-termobjec-tivesensuringthesustainableuseandend-of-lifemanagementofchlorinatedsolvents.
TheECSAVisionElementsidentifythethreekeyareasinwhichthechlorinatedsolventsindustryistakingconcretestepstoensureitssustainability.TheobjectivesassignedundereachkeyElementarenotonlyamatterforECSAmembers;theyrequiredirectandconcreteengagementwiththirdpartiessuchasvaluechainactorsandotherexternalstake-holders.
ThreeElementsarethebuildingblocksofECSA’sVision.Theysetoutthelong-termobjectivesrequiredtoachievetheVision,andtheyidentifyKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)thatwillhelpECSAdeterminewhereitstandsrelativetothesegoals,resultinginnineconcreteobjectives.
1.SustainabilitybyproductandapplicationAbroadstakeholderconsultationrevealedthatemissionsofchlorinatedsolventsarethecauseofmostofthepressurebeingbroughttobearagainstchlorinatedsolventsprod-ucts.Byreducingemissionswecanachievebetterefficiencyofuse,morevaluefromeachmoleculeofsolventandreducedpotentialforexposure.ThisVisionElementshouldachievethebenefitsof:•Drivingindustryandproductsustainability
byidentifyingchallengesoropportunitiesforeachemissiveapplication
•Ensuringsafetyforhumanhealthandenvi-ronment
•Demonstratingcontinualimprovementofsustainabilityinemissiveapplications
•Resolvingissuesoverimpactofenergyandrawmaterials.
1.1ECSAwillanalyzeemissiveapplications,prioritizethem,anddefinesustainabilityimprovementactions•ECSAhassofarreviewedanimpressivetotal
of60applications•ECSAProduct&ApplicationToolbox:ECSA
hasdevelopedanonlinetoolboxfreelyaccessibleviatheECSAwebsitetoprovideusersofchlorinatedsolventswithinforma-tionaboutthesafe&sustainableuseoftheproducts.Itisbuiltasaself-explanatoryguidebasedonasimpledecisiontreeofproductapplicationstoleadtheuserreadilytotheproperinformationonsafeuse,envi-ronmentalprotectionaswellaslegislativerequirements.
TheonlineECSAProductsApplicationToolboxprovidesinformationonthesafeandsustainableuseofchlorinatedsolvents
TheECSASustainabilityProgressReportis
availableontheECSAwebpagesvia
www.eurochlor.org
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ECSA SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME
16 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
TherecommendationsdotakeintoaccountREACH(1907/2006/EContheRegistration,Evaluation,AuthorizationandRestrictionofChemicals)aswellasotherEuropeanlegisla-tionorvoluntaryindustrycommitments.ThecontentoftheToolboxisbasedontheREACHChemicalSafetyAssessment(CSA)ofthesubstances.However,theToolboxalsoincludesrecom-mendationsbasedonexperienceofECSAmembersthatgobeyondthegivenlegalframeworkoftheCSAunderREACH.TheECSAProduct&ApplicationToolboxisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA
1.2Rawmaterial,energy&productionaspectswillbecoordinatedwithupstreamorganizations•ECSAisinconstantdialoguewithEuroChlor
andissharingevents;e.g.ajointyearlyGeneralAssemblywithreportsonactivitiesinthedifferentcommittees
•ECSAisliaizingwithEuroChloronitsnewSustainabilityProgramme2011-2020.
2.ValuechainengagementThebuy-inandactiveinvolvementofthevaluechainwillbeessentialtotheoverallsuccessoftheprogramme.Collaborationwithdistribu-torsanddownstreamusersistheonlywaytoensuresustainabilitygoalsaremet,astherearelimitstowhatECSAmemberscanachieveintheirownright.
2.1AllECSAmemberswilladheretoESAD/SQASorasimilardistributorassessmentschemeESAD(EuropeanSingleAssessmentDocu-ment)ispartoftheSQAS(Safety&QualityAs-sessmentSystem)thatisasystemtoevaluatethequality,safety,securityandenvironmentalperformanceofLogisticsServiceProvidersandChemicalDistributors.ESADenableschemicalproducingcompaniestohavethequalityandsafetymanagementsystemsoftheirdistribu-torsassessedinauniformmanner,thusavoid-ingmultipleassessmentsbyeachindividualchemicalcompany.Currentlyover280activeassessmentreportsofdistributorsandtheirsitesarelistedintheESADdatabase.AllECSAmembershavecommittedthemselvestotheESAD/SQASprogramme.2.2AlldistributorswhicharepartofESAD/SQASorasimilarprogrammewillcomplypositivelywithahighscoreonthechlorinatedsolventssectionofthequestionnaireTheESADassessmentquestionnaireconsistsoffourparts:DistributorStandardActivities,SiteAssessment,ChlorinatedSolvents,andFood,Cosmeticand/orPharma.ThequestionsonchlorinatedsolventsemphasizethespecificneedsassociatedwithchlorinatedsolventsandareprovidedtogetherwithguidelinesforconsiderationbychlorinatedsolventproducersanddistributorsasawaytoimplementRespon-sibleCare®continuousimprovementinitiatives(source:www.sqas.org).Acontinuousyearlyincreaseinpositiveanswersofdistributors,underthechlorinatedsolventpart,hasbeenrecognizedintheESADprogrammesince
TheintegratedSafety&QualityAssignmentSystem
ECSA SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME
SUSTAINABILITYCH 02 17
2007.ThisleadstoconsistentlyhighscoresofdistributorsintheESADassessment.ECSAhasactivelyparticipatedinarevisionoftheESADquestionnaireforchlorinatedsolvents.
2.3 ECSAwillputtogetherawarenessprogrammes,inpartnershipwithtradeassociationsrepresentingend-users,tohelpensurethesustainableuseofchlorinatedsolventsECSAhasalreadyputsixdifferentawarenessprogrammesinplace:
2.3.1ChlorinatedSolvents:AwarenessQuestionnairetotheValueChain:ECSAhasdistributedan‘awarenessquestionnaire’onthesafeuseofchlorinatedsolventsin2009.Thefindingsweresharedwiththepartici-pantsintheValueChainwithoneparticularlysurprizingresult:noparticipantwasawareoftheECSAstorageandhandlingguidancebeingfreelyavailableontheinternet.ThisresultledECSAtotakeimmediateactionwitharevisionandupdateoftheECSAGuidanceofStorageandHandlingofChlorinatedSolventsandwidecommunication:seenextpoint.
2.3.2ChlorinatedSolvents:RevizedGuid-anceonStorageandHandlingofChlorinatedSolvents:Thisguidanceisintendedtohelpdistributorsandusersofchlorinatedsolventstohandlethoseproductssafelyandwithcare,thusprotectinghumanhealthandenviron-mentagainstpossiblenegativeimpact.Inthisguidance,ECSAstronglyrecommendstheuseofmodernclosedequipmentofBestAvailableTechnology(BAT).
ECSAgivesguidanceonthestorageandhandlingofchlorinatedsolvents
AllECSAmembershavecommittedthemselvestotheESAD/SQASprogrammeforquality,safety,securityandenvironmentalperformanceoflogisticsprovidersandchemicalsdistributors
TheECSAGuidanceonStorageandHandlingisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA
2.3.3 ChlorinatedSolvents:RevizedSafety&QualityAssessmentQuestionnaireforDistributorsofChlorinatedSolvents(ESAD).WithanupdatedSafety&QualityAssessmentquestionnairein2011,ECSAaimstoenhancetheoverallsafetyandqualitylevelinthechlori-natedsolventsdistributionchain.Thereviewedquestionnaireisapplicabletodis-tributorsofthechlorinatedsolventsperchlo-roethylene(PER),trichloroethylene(TRI)anddichloromethane(DCM).TherecentlylaunchedSQAS2011programmehasbeentitled“SQAS:Drivingexcellenceinsafeandsustainablechemicallogistics”.AllrevizedquestionnairesandfurtherdetailsareavailableontheSQASwebsitewww.sqas.org.
2.3.4Dichloromethane:OECDHPVSIDSCom-mitment:ThechemicalindustryprovidestheOECDwithdataandinitialhazardassessmentsforapproximately1,000HPVchemicals,rep-resentingmorethan90%ofglobalchemicalsproduction.TheinformationgatheredconsistsofaScreeningInformationDataSet(SIDS)Dossier,whichisabasicsetofhealthandenvironmentaldatarequiredformakinganinitialhazardassessmentofHPVchemicalsbythemembercountriesoftheOECD.ECSAmembersarecommittedtoimprovingthemanagementandknowledgeoftheirchemicalsthroughvoluntaryinitiativessuchastheICCAHPV(HighProductionVolume)Initiative.ECSAisactivelysupportingtheSwissauthoritiesinpreparingtheSIDSDossierforDichlorometh-aneanditssubmissiontoOECDin2011.
18 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
ECSA SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME
2.3.5Perchloroethylene:E-DryCleansustain-abledrycleaningprocessing:E-DryCleanisaninternationalinitiativetocreatepracticalandeasilyaccessibleeducationmaterial,especiallyfortheEuropeandry-cleaningindustry.Thedidacticalconceptisbasedone-learningand/orblendedlearning.E-learningisacompletedigitalself-studyformoftraining,presentedthroughawebsite.E-DryCleanofferssixdif-ferenttrainingmodules(bestpracticesandworkingmethods)includingamoduleonPerchloroethylene,forwhichECSAwasleadingpartner.TheE-DryCleanProjectgroups15part-nersfromeightEuropeancountries.TheobjectiveofE-DryCleanistoimproveandadapttheeducationallevelofentrepreneursandemployeesworkingindrycleaningsectorsacrosstheEuropeanUnion.Readmoreaboutthisprojectonhttp://www.cinet-online.net/edryclean/.Theprofessionaltextilecareindustryrec-ognizedECSAanditspartnersthroughitsExcellenceAward2010forthisawarenesspro-grammeofsustainableprofessionaltextilecare.E-DryCleanisaccessibleonline:http://www.cinet-online.net/edryclean/
2.3.6 Trichloroethylene:CharterforthesafeuseofTrichloroethylene;ECSAandtheproduc-ersofTrichloroethylene(TRI)haveworkedproactivelywiththeEUauthoritiestodevelopavoluntaryindustry-widecommitment–the“TRICHARTER”.ThecharterisdeemedtoensureadequatecontrolofrisksidentifiedintheEURiskAssessmentrelatedtotheuseoftrichloroethyleneinsurfacecleaningbyuse
ofclosedsystems,alsoforinstallationsnotcoveredbytheVOCdirective(nowIED).Thecharter–signedbyallEuropeanTrichloro-ethyleneproducersandanimporter–stipu-latesthatlatestbyend2010,trichloroethylenewillonlybesuppliedformetalcleaningordegreasingiftheuserhasanenclosedclean-ingsystemandhasconfirmedthattrichloro-ethylenewillonlyandexclusivelybeusedinenclosedcleaningequipment.TheECSATRICharterisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA
2.4ECSAwillputtogether,inpartnershipwithothertradeassociationsrepresentingrecyclers,awarenessprogrammestohelppromotethesustainablerecoveryofchlorinatedsolventsECSAisincontactwiththeEuropeanSolventRecyclersGroup(ESRG),whichaimstopro-motethesafeandeconomicmanagementofpost-usesolvents(www.esrg-online.eu).ECSAisregularlyindialoguewithESRGonlatestinformationaboutchlorinatedsolvents.
Leftpicture:ECSAgivesguidanceonthestorageandhandlingof
chlorinatedsolvents
Rightpicture:TheprofessionaltextilecareindustryrecognizedECSA
foritsawarenessprogrammeofsustainabletextilecare
TheECSATrichloroethyleneCharter
SUSTAINABILITYCH 02 19
ECSA SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME
3.StakeholderengagementandcommunicationThisVisionElementwillbecriticaltoensurethatECSAanditsmembersreceiveworthwhileandoperationalfeedbackandproperrecogni-tionfromexternalstakeholdersforthesustain-abilityinitiative.Ultimately,thisshouldalsoleadtoadegreeofco-determinationofthesustainabilityofthechlorinatedsolventsindustry,asseveralstakeholdergroupswillcontributetoshapingitsfuture.
3.1 ECSAwillcompleteadetailedmappingoftheactivities,driversandconcernsofitsprioritystakeholdersAChlorinatedSolventStakeholder&End-userPerceptionsSurveybyIALfoundthat75%ofstakeholdersareinterestedinmoreinforma-tiononChlorinatedSolvents.Thus,ECSAhascompletelyrenovatedthecontentandstructureoftheECSAwebsitein2010and2011.Therenewedwebsitedeliverscomprehensiveinformationaboutchlorinatedsolvents.Thewebsitewasre-structured,andthewebsitecontentfilledwithnewinformationonFacts&Figures.HighprominencehasbeengiventotheSustainabilitysectionandthecurrentprogrammes(www.eurochlor.org/ECSA).
3.2ECSAwilltranslateitsSustainabilitystrategyintoasetofkeymessages,andwilldeveloptoolstosupporttheirdeliveryandreportprogressEuroChlor,representingtheEuropeanChlor-Alkaliindustry,issuestheChlorineIndustryReviewontheoccasionofitsAnnualGeneral
Meeting.Itgivesanoverviewofthemostim-portantdossiersthefederationhasbeenwork-ingon,andpresentstheprogressachievedinthesectoralsustainabilityprogramme.ECSAextendsitsreportingonallninesustainabilityobjectivesandincludesitsprogressreport2007-2011inthewidelydisseminatedEuroChlorAnnualReviewaspartoftheChlorineIndustryvaluechain.
3.3ECSAwillbeinactivedialoguewithitsprioritystakeholdersarounditsSustainabilityActionPlan,andreflectstakeholderconcernsintheongoingimplementationoftheActionPlanAChlorinatedSolventStakeholder&End-userPerceptionsSurveybyIALfoundthat75%ofstakeholdersareinterestedinmoreinforma-tiononChlorinatedSolvents.Thus,ECSAhascompletelyrenovatedthecontentandstructureoftheECSAwebsitetoolsforactivedialogue:Additionalcommunicationtoolshavebeenin-cludedtoincreasethedialoguewithotherstake-holderstowardsapro-activecommunication.•TheSMEsupportistargetingSmalland
MediumSizedEnterprises.Aspartofitscon-tinuousefforttoencourageresponsibleandsafehandlingofchlorinatedsolvents,ECSAhasdevelopedseveralinformationandguid-ancedocumentsdesignedtohelpusechlori-natedsolventsnotonlyinthemosteffectivebutalsointhesafestandmostresponsiblemannerbyfollowingbestindustrypractices.
•TheNews&Innovationsectionhighlightssomequitechallenginginnovationswithchlorinatedsolvents.
•TheAskanExperttoolwillhelptoanswerquestionsgoingbeyondtheinformationonthewebsite.
TheECSALeonardodaVinciProjectforsustainable
dry-cleaningisaccessibleonlineinsixlanguages
20 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
TheWorldChlorineCouncil®(WCC®)drawsitsmembershipfromthechlorineproducersandregionalindustryassociationslocatedaroundtheworld.Today,themembershiprepresentsasubstantialpartofglobalchlorineandcausticsodaproductionandwillincreasetoover90%ofbothcapacityandproductionbytheendof2011,takingintoaccounttheanticipatedmem-bershipoftheChineseChlorAlkaliIndustryAssociation(CCAIA).WCC®hasalongaffilia-tionwiththeInternationalCouncilofChemicalAssociations(ICCA)andisrecognizedbyTheUnitedNationsandtheStockholm,RotterdamandBaselConventionsasanofficialNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganization).
Overall,WCC®isfocusedonengagingproduc-ersworldwidetoachieveits2011-2013goalswhichfocuson:•Engagingtheglobalchlorineandvinyl
industries;•Participatingproactivelyinkeyinternational
foraandcoordinatingadvocacyonpriorityissues;
•Promotingcontinuousimprovementinsafety,environmentandhealthperformance;
•Demonstratingprogresstowardssustainabil-ityforchlorinechemistry;and
•Communicatingthebenefitsofchlorinechemistrytosociety.
Asfromthebeginningof2011,EuroChlorhasbeengiventhetaskofmanagingfortwoyearstheWCCSecretariatandcoordinatingitsrelatedactivitiessuchasglobaltaskforces,publicationsandworkshops.
Outreachtotheglobalchlor-alkalisectorIn2009,2010and2011,WCC®continuedtostrengthenrelationshipswiththechlor-alkaliassociationsofRussia,China,IndiaandproducersintheAsia-Pacificregion.Weareoptimisticofconcludingformalmembershiparrangementswitheachoftheseregionsbytheendof2011andwillcontinuetobuildonpastworkwiththeGulfPetrochemicalandChemicalAssociation(GPCA)basedinDubai.
EnergyandClimateChangeTheUNClimateChangeconferencesheldinCopenhagen(2009)andCancun(2010)failedtosecureglobalagreementsonCO2emis-sionsand,withdoubtpersistingonwhethertheKyotoProtocolwillcontinuebeyond2012,CO2abatementinitiativesarerevertingtotheregionallevel.Currently,onlyWCCmemberswithmanufacturingfacilitiesinEuropeandJapanareimpactedbyeitherEmissionTradingSchemes(ETS)orenergytaxation.Earliersug-gestionsthatglobalsectoralagreementsmightbenegotiatedhavenotmaterializedeitherbutneverthelessWCC®continuestoexchangein-telligenceonpoliticalactivityacrosstheglobeinanattempttoinfluencedecision-makinginacoherentandconsistentway.However,thisisnowalowerpriorityforsomeregions,andaglobalapproachisnotforeseenintheshortterm.
®
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AdvocacyforPromotingSoundImplementa-tionofInternationalConventions&PoliciesWCC®continuestoengagewithintergovern-mentalprogrammesonanumberofcrucialsubjectsthatcouldimpactchlorine-basedprocessesorproducts.Advocacyeffortscoveroutreachtogovernmentsandindustrycontactsonissuesrelatingtochlorineanditsderiva-tives.WCC®advocacyefforts,ofteninpartner-shipwithICCA,arefocusedonthefollowingpriorityissues:•StockholmPOPsConvention–TheWorld
ChlorineCouncil®hascontinuedoutreachtogovernmentsregardingtheprocessandcriteriaforreviewingcandidatechemicals.Industry’seffortshaveresultedinimprove-mentsintheassessmentofcandidatePOPsandtheuseofsuchinformationforriskmanagement.
•UNEPGlobalMercuryProgramme–WCC®continuestobeanactiveparticipantintheUNEPGlobalMercuryProgrammeinprovidingitsannualreportonmercuryuse,consumptionandemissionsbymercurycellfacilities.WCC®isalsoacontributortovari-ousPartnershipslinkedtotheProgramme(e.g.Chlor-AlkaliSector,SupplyandStorage,WasteManagement).ThefirstIntergovern-mentalNegotiatingCommitteemeetingforthepreparationofaGlobalConventionwasheldinStockholminJune2010andasecondoneinJanuary2011inJapan.WCC®participatedinthediscussionsandshareditsupdatedleafleton“ReductionofMercuryEmissionsandUsefromtheChlor-AlkaliSectorPartnership”.ItisexpectedthattheConventionwillbereadyby2013.
ImprovingChlorineSafety,Environment&HealthPerformanceTheWorldChlorineCouncil®continuestoorganisestewardshipworkshopsaroundtheglobetopromotebestpracticesinenvironment,health,andsafety.ThroughtheWCC®safetyprogramme,ourindustrysectorisworkingtoachievecontinuousimprovementsinsafetyperformanceatproductionfacilitiesworld-wideaswellasduringtransportationanduseofchlo-rine.Keydevelopmentsin2010-2011include:•ThequarterlypublicationoftheWCC®Safety
Newslettertosharebestpracticesandtolearnfrompastincidents,whichistranslatedintoJapanese,Portuguese,SpanishandChinese.
•Thepreparationofnewsafetytoolsonspecifictopicsthataremadeavailabletoproducersandpackagers,includingsyntheticWCC®SafetyPosters.
•PresentationsmadebyexpertsfromWCC®companiesandassociationsonchlorinesafetymattersduringstewardship/safetyworkshops.ThenextworkshopisplannedforOctober2011inShanghai.
DemonstratingSustainabilityoftheChlor-AlkaliIndustryWorkcontinuedonthesustainabilitypro-gramme,asagreedthepreviousyear.ThoughenergybecamealowerpriorityfollowingthefailureofCopenhagenandCancuntoreachglobalagreements,otherenergyrelatedissues-includingtheuseofchlorinederivativesinthefieldofinsulation-continue.Anewbrochureonsustainabilitywillbepublishedbytheendof2011foruseinvariousconferences,includingRio+20tobeconvenedinRiodeJaneiroduring2012.
22 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
03 Regulatory Affairs
Science-based legislation to support innovation
A critical role for Euro Chlor is to provide advocacy leadership in order to positively influence regulations in the areas of energy, environment, health and competitiveness. The federation works with European and international authorities in order to achieve a workable legislation to support the innovative role of the chlor-alkali industry.
EmissionTradingScheme(ETS)DirectiveimplementationThesettingupoftherulesforthefinancialmeasuresthatMemberStatesmaygivetocompensateforadditionalcostsofCO2passedthroughintheelectricitypricesfallsunderthecompetencesoftheCommission.TheseStateAidruleswillsetthemaximumcompensationthatMemberStatescouldprovidetoindus-triesexposedtocarbonleakageduetoCO2costspassedoninelectricityprices(so-calledindirectemitters).
Thechlor-alkaliindustry,aspartofthesector“basicinorganicchemicals”(accordingtoNACE2413),hasbeenrecognizedasoneoftheexposedsectors.Theexposedsectorswillbeeligibleforfreecarbonallowancesorforfinan-cialmeasuresunderthestateaidrules.
AtthebeginningofthisyeartheEuropeanCommissionconfirmedthattheStateAidrulesshouldbeavailablebytheendoftheyear.EuroChlorwelcomedtheCommission’srecognitionoftheimportancetohavetherulesinplacesothatindustrycangettheirdossiersreadyandtalktotheirnationalauthoritiespriortherevizedETSDirectiveentersintoforceon1January2013.
Stakeholdershavetheopportunitytopro-videtheirinputandcommentsonthedraftrulesduringtwointernetconsultations.Thefirstconsultationendedon11May2011.ThesecretariathadsetupanadhocworkinggroupsometimeagotodealwithETSmattersandtheteamworkedhardtocompletethecomplexquestionnaire.ThetaskwaschallengingbecauseofdifferingelectricitymarketcharacteristicsindifferentpartsofEuropewhichdonotmatchcountryboundaries.Butworkinginacooperativespiritthedifferingviewswerelargelyresolvedenablingarepresentativeindustryviewtobesubmitted.Someindividualmembercompa-niesmadetheirownsubmissionwithcompanyconfidentialdatabutthesedidnotconflictwiththeunifiedview.
Asecondconsultationwillfollowlaterthisyear.EuroChlorwillagainprovideaconsolidatedinputonbehalfofthechlor-alkaliindustry.
MercuryExportBanandStorageTheEURegulationEC1102/2008ontheExportBanandSafeStorageofMetallicMercuryenteredintoforceonMarch15thof2011.ThisEuropeanRegulationaimstobantheexportofmercuryandimposesastorageobligationofmercury.Thisrequiresthedevelopmentofstoragecriteriaforend-of-lifemercuryundertheLandfillDirective.AccordingtotheRegula-tionthecriteriashouldhavebeendevelopedbyJanuary1st2010.WhentheRegulationenteredintoforceEuroChlorsentalettertotheCom-missiontodrawattentiontotheuncertainty
Electricityefficiencyofourmember
companiesisamongthebestintheworld
23CH 03 REGULATORY AFFAIRS
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regardingstorageoftheexcessmercuryfacedbyEuroChlormembercompaniesusingthemercurytechnologyandplanningtoconvert.
InearlyApriltemporarystoragecriteriahavebeenproposedbytheCommissionforvotingbyaspecialComitologyCommittee.However,severalMemberStateshadsignificantcom-mentsandobjectionstotheproposalandfinallythecriteriawerenotvoted.TheCom-missionthenproposedaDirectivetoamendtheLandfillDirective(1999/31/EC)withregardtospecificcriteriaforthetemporarystorageofmetallicmercuryconsideredaswaste,whichwasnotdecideduponwhenthisReviewwenttopress.
Criteriaforpermanentstorageofend-of-lifemercurystilllackingThereislittleinterestforourindustryfortemporarystorage.ForEuroChlorcompaniesitismuchmoreimportanttohavecriteriaforpermanentstorage.AninvestigationintothesafetyofpermanentstorageofliquidmercuryisongoinginGermany,butthesestudiesmaystilltakeseveralyearsbeforebeingfinalized.EuroChlormembercompaniesthereforecontinuetolookintootherpermanentdisposalsolutions,includingstabilizedmercury,follow-ingcloselythedevelopmentsofferedbyvarioussuppliers.
EUMercuryStrategystillrecognizesEuroChlor’svoluntaryphaseoutTheCommissionpublishedareviewoftheCommunicationontheEUMercuryStrategyinDecember2010.Thisstrategycoversallmer-curyusesintheEUandaimstoreducebothuseandemissions.SincetheverybeginningofthemercurystrategyEuroChlorhascontrib-utedbyprovidingfactualinformationonuseandemissionsofmercuryinoursector.TheCommissionCommunicationwasdis-cussedintheEnvironmentCouncilonMarch14,2011.Despiteanattempttointroduceanearlierphase-outinitiatedbyagroupofthreeMemberStates,EuroChlor’svoluntarycom-mitmenttophase-outtoendtheuseofmer-curyintheChlor-alkaliproductionbytheendof2020isstillrecognizedbytheauthorities.OnMarch17,thesameCommunicationwasalsodiscussedintheEnvironmentCommitteeoftheEuropeanParliament),buttherewasnodiscussiononchlor-alkalirelatedmercuryissuesduringthepublicsession.
TheoverallmercurystrategyoftheCommis-sionthereforeisstillbroadlysupported.
Trainingisattheheartofsafetyand
thesafetyculturewhichisessential
inEuroChlorcompanies
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24 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Dolf van Wijk came to EuroChlor in 2001 and was ap-pointed Euro Chlor ScienceDirectoron January 1st, 2010.
Asof January2011hehasadditional responsibility forRegulatoryAffairs.
EuroChlorbrandingEuroChlorsucceededinbuildingacrediblenamewithmany in the regulatory and science community in thepast. High external pressure on the chlorine sectorstimulatedthedevelopmentofawell-organizedindus-tryassociationwithastrongsupportfromitsmembercompanies.Thethreatwasdirectedspecificallyonchlo-rine,puttingour industry in the forefrontofmanyen-vironmental debates and regulations. This foregroundposition has gradually changed into broader and lessspecificchallenges.Butearliertopicsstillemergeeverynowandthen,sometimesstillwithaspecificfocusonchlorine.
EUincreasinglyriskaverseToday’spressuresgenerallyfocusonthebroaderchemi-cal industry. In addition, Europe is continuing on itspathofignoringtheimportanceofscienceandtechnol-ogyandbecomingincreasinglyriskaverse.Chemicalin-dustries’roletoinnovatesocietytomeetfutureneedsisgainingsomeacceptancebuttheregulatoryframeworknecessary to accommodate these new developmentsand needs is not sufficiently developed. The scientificknowledgeand tools for effective andup-to-date regu-lations are available, but there is a great reluctance toincorporatetheseinlegislation.
These broader and more global challenges and newemergingoneslikemixturesorgreenchemistrywillbechallenging for Euro Chlor in the coming years. I amlookingforwardtocontributetoensuringweremainaneffective organization defending the sustainable futureoftheChlor-Alkaliindustry.
DolfvanWijkScienceandRegulatoryAffairsDirector
“Teamingupscienceandregulatoryaffairs”
Overandoveragain,PVCprovestobeahitinsustainableconstruction
Tess
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26 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Eleganceandefficiencycombined
thankstothequalitiesofpolyvinylchloride
Chlor-alkalimetallicmercuryreportingtotheCommissionTheEURegulationonexportbanandstorageobligation(1102/2008)requiresthatquantitiesofmetallicmercuryonchlor-alkalisitesarereportedyearlytotheCommission,startingDecember2009.
TheEuroChlorproposaltogatherthedatafromthemembercompaniesutilizingthemer-curycelltechnologyhasbeenrecognizedbyaCommissionRecommendation.Allmembercompaniescontributedandweweresuccessfulinprovidingthefollowingdataforeachreport-ingyear:•Bestestimateoftotalamountofmercurystill
inuseinthechlor-alkalicelland•Totalamountofmetallicmercurystoredin
thefacility,evenifshutdown.
ThedataarepubliclyavailableonDGEnviron-ment’swebsitehttp://ec.europa.eu/environ-ment/chemicals/mercuryandcanalsobeconsultedattheEuroChlorwebsite.Theirevo-lutionshowsacontinuousandrapiddecreaseduetothesuccessiveconversionsofchlor-alkaliplantsusingthemercurytechnology.
TheexportbanwithstorageobligationhasbeeninforcesinceMarch152011,andmetallicmercurythathasbeensentaswastetotempo-raryorpermanentstoragefacilitieswillhavetobereported(nextreportingin2012).
Caroline Andersson has a Master of Science in BusinessAdministration(MBA).Sheiscloselymonitoring legislativedevelopmentsandinitiatesadvocacyactivities,inclosecon-sultationwiththeMembership.Shehasprivilegedcontactswith theEuropeanCommissionandParliament inorder todiscussandpresent theviewsof theEuropeanChlor-Alkaliindustry.FromJanuary2011,sheisalsoworkingasCeficsec-torgroupmanager.
Forseveralyearsnow,theenergy issueandparticularly theEuropeanEmissionsTradingScheme(ETS)havebeendomi-natingtheregulatoryactivities.TheEuroChloradvocacyonthis issuehasenteredanewcrucialphaseastheCommis-sionhaslauncheditsstakeholderconsultationonthestateaidrulesforcompensatingelectricityintensiveindustriesfortheCO2costspassedthroughinelectricityprices.EuroChlorisactivelycontributingtothedevelopmentoftherules.
CarolinemakessurethatEuroChlordoesnotmissimportantdevelopments,andhasthenecessarytimelycontacts–inter-nallyandexternally–tostayontopoftheissuesthatmatterforthemembercompanies.
CarolineAnderssonSeniorregulatoryaffairscounsellor
“Stayingactivelyontopofregulatoryissuesthatmatterforthemembers”
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Chlorinepoetryinaction
Blacklistsstillaregulatorytool:POPs/PBTsandSVHCsInEurope,SubstancesofVeryHighConcern(SVHCs)aremanagedunderREACH.DespitetheregularassessmentofallsubstancesunderREACH,additionalrequirementsareappliedforSVHCsundertheso-calledAuthorizationorRestrictionregimes.SVHCsarePBTs(sub-stanceswhicharePersistent,BioaccumulateinthefoodchainandareToxic),CMRs(Carcino-genic,MutagenicorReprotoxic)orsubstancesof“equivalentconcern”(tobedeterminedonacasebycasebasis).SubstanceswhichmeetthehazardouspropertiescriteriaofSVHCsarenotbydefinitionputunderAuthorization.ItisuptoMemberStatestodecidewhethertheywillcompileanAnnexXVdossierforasubstance,whicheffectivelyisaproposaltoputthemonthecandidatelistforAuthoriza-tion.Alternatively,therouteofRestrictionmaybefollowedtorisk-managespecificusesofasubstancemorestringentthanundertheregularREACHregime.
EuroChlorrelatedsubstanceswhichareSVHCsaretrichloroethylene,whichisconsid-eredcarcinogencat.1b-andthereforefulfilstheCMRcriteria-andSCCPwhichisaPBT.Trichloroethylenehasbeenplacedonthecan-didatelistforauthorizationwithprioritizationandforSCCPstheEUcompetentauthoritiesdecidedtokeepthesubstancelistedunderRestrictions(AnnexXVII).Inaddition,theyareplanningtoincludethesubstanceintheEUDirectiveonPOPs(EC805/2004)basedonthedecisionoftheUNECELRTAPConventiontolistthesubstanceasaPOP(POPProtocol).
Chlor-alkaliBREFupdateThenewIndustrialEmissionsDirectiverein-forcestheimportanceoftheBestAvailableTechniquesreferencedocument(BREF)forpermittingtheproductionunits,andparticu-larlyoftheBATconclusions.
Intheframeworkofthechlor-alkaliBREFup-date,EuroChlorcreatedanadhoctaskforcetodefinetheindustrypositionandgatherthenecessaryinformation;thistaskforcehaspro-ducedahugenumberoftechnicaldocumentstosubmitcorrectanddetailedinformationtothetechnicalworkinggroupinchargeoftheupdatework.
AfirstdraftoftheupdatedBREF,withoutthespecific“BAT”chapterisexpectedbeforetheendof2011.SomechaptersarehoweveralreadyavailableonthededicatedCommissionwebsiteandEuroChlorhasproposedcom-mentsandpossibleimprovements.
DuetothelackofsomeinformationintheanswerstothepreviousquestionnairepreparedbytheCommission,anadditionalinformationcollectingroundisplannedforthisautumn,withthehelpofEuroChlor.
Cou
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SomeMemberStatessuggestedthisroutewouldbeafasterwaytobanthesubstance.
Attheendof2010,GermanyattemptedtoproposetrichlorobenzeneasasubstanceofequivalentconcernbasedonperceivedPBTproperties.ThankstoEuroChlorpastworkdonebyitsMarineRiskAssessmentGroupandfollow-upworkbytheEnvironmentWorkingGroup,wecouldrapidlyreacttothisattempt.ItwaspossibletoveryquicklysubmitascientificpaperdemonstratingthatTCBdoesnotfulfilanyofthePBTpropertiesand,there-fore,shouldnotbenominatedasanSVHC.ThenominationbyGermanyalsometwithalackofsupportfromseveralMemberStates,sotheproposaldidnotproceed.ThiscanbeseenasasupportfortheneedofasolidscientificbasisforsubstancestobeproposedasSVHCbasedon“equivalentconcern”.
StockholmConventiononPOPsTheStockholmConventiondealswithPOPs(PersistentOrganicPollutants),i.e.PBTsthatarepersistentenoughtotravellongdistancesandhaveadverseeffectsfarfromtheirpointofrelease.ThefifthCOPmeeting(ConferenceoftheParties)oftheStockholmConventionwasheldendofApril.Themajorissuewasthelist-ingofendosulfanasthe22ndsubstanceonthelist,whichstartedinitiallywiththewell-known“dirtydozen”.However,theCOPmeetingfacedconsiderabledifficultiesregardingtheConvention’sefficacy.Thiswasexemplifiedbythemanyexemptionsand(long)timelinesagreedforendosulfan,aswellasbyrepeateddiscussionsonfinancingoftheConvention’sactivitiesandcompliancechecking.ThelattertwotopicswerepostponedagaintothenextCOP(COP6in2013).
InafinalstatementatCOP5,theEUan-nouncedtheywouldnominatethreenewsub-stancesascandidatePOPstobeaddedtotheConvention.ThesewereHCBD(hexachlorobu-tadiene),PCN(polychlorinatednaphthalenes)andPCP(pentachlorophenol).EuroChlorandWCCwillfollowupthenominationofHCBD,whichisanunintentionalby-productrelatedtoourindustry.Materialhasbeenpreparedtocontesttheneedfornominationofthissubstance.Theevidencedemonstratesthatitisunlikely,basedoncurrentenvironmentalconcentrations,thatHCBDposesadverseenvironmentalorhealtheffects.
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5,0
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TheWorldChlorineCouncilreportedupdatedfigurestotheUnitedNations
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UNEPGlobalConventiononMercury
At the UNEP Governing Council/Ministerial Fo-rumconvenedonFebruary16-20,2009adecisionwasreachedtoestablishaninternationalconven-tiontodealwithmercurypollutionwhichshouldincludebothbindingandvoluntarymeasures.Thedetails of the new convention will be negotiatedoverthenextyearsandwillbecompletedby2013.
TheUNEPmeetingalsodecidedontheprovisionsfor the future mercury convention. The require-ments that will be applicable to the chlor-alkaliindustryandVCMproductionareonreductionofemissions,measuresonuseandtradeofmercuryand addressing mercury-containing waste. TheUNEPPartnershipforthechlor-alkaliindustrycon-tinuesundertheUSgovernmentlead.WCCisanactive partner in this programme. The followingpositiveresultswerereportedtoUNEPbyWCC:
•Thenumberofplantsandthemercurycell-basedproduction capacity continue to show a world-widedecrease:thenumberofplantswentdownfrom91to57overtheperiod2002-2010(-37%)and the mercury cell-based capacity from 9.1milliontonnesto5.5milliontonnes(-40%).
•Global mercury emissions have been furthersubstantially reduced in the period 2002-2010.Theywentdownfrom24.6tonnes/yeartoabout6.7tonnes,or73%decreaseovertheeightyearsof reportingbyWCC.Theemissionsexpressedin g mercury/tonne annual chlorine capacityshowthesametrend.
30 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
04 Science
Effective advocacy based on sound science
Advocating sound, science-based regulatory decision-making has been Euro Chlor’s core business for more than twenty years. In 2010-2011, the organizational and technical challenges posed by REACH, chlorine-based biocides, classification and labelling and chemicals of special concern constituted key issues in the Federation’s science activities.
assessmentdossier,wholeeffluenttesting,WaterFrameworkDirectiveimpactandmixtureissues.
REACHregistrationThemajorachievementofthelast12monthshasbeenthepreparationandregistrationofdossiersforeighthigh-productionvolumechemicals,undertheEuropeanREACHRegula-tion(EC/1907/2006).Theleaddossiersforallsubstancesweresubmittedontime,aswellastheindividualdossierthateachlegalentitywasrequiredtosubmit.Severaltechnicalhurdlescroppedupaswereachedthefinishline,includingmanagingLetterofAccess(LoA)sales,managementoftheSIEFandprepara-tionforclassificationandlabelling(discussedfurtherbelow).TheleaddossierconsistedoftheIUCLIDfile,whichisitselfmadeupofstudysummariesforallthedataidentifiedforspecificsubstances.Additionally,manyoftheconsortiadecidedtoprepareachemicalsafetyreport(CSR)incommontoreducecostswherepossible.AllconsortiaaremanagedbyEuroChlor/ECSAstaffworkingundertheumbrellaofReachCentrum,andthesubstancescoveredare:causticsoda,chlorine,ethylenedichloride,hydrogenchloride,perchloroethylene,potas-siumcarbonate,potassiumhydroxideandsodiumhypochlorite.Thechlorinatedsolventsconsortiumcoversthefivesubstancestetra-chloroethylene,trichloroethylene,chloroform,carbontetrachlorideanddichloromethane.Butjustbecausetheregistrationdeadlinehasbeenmet,wemustnotbecomplacent.Furtherworkisrequiredwiththepossibilityof
RevitalizationofthescienceprogrammeEuroChloranditsmembercompaniesareproudofthehighqualityandeffectivescienceworkthatwedo.DuetotheimmediatepriorityofREACHregistrationoverthepasttwoyears,someofthescienceworkhadtobeputonthebackburner.However,nowthatthe2010REACHregistrationdeadlinehaspassed,severalmeetingshavebeenheldonhowtoreorientthescienceteamstowardsprovidingthebestpossiblevaluesciencesupporttoourmembers.Thescienceteamsarestructuredaroundthreecoregroups.TheScienceSteeringCommittee(SSC)meetstwiceayeartodiscusstheprioritiesforthescienceprogrammeandtherequiredbudgetforvariousprojects.UndertheSSCaretwoteams,theHealthWorkingGroup(HWG)andtheEnvironmentWorkingGroup(EWG).
TheHWGismadeupoftoxicologists,occu-pationalphysiciansandepidemiologists,whomeettwiceayeartodiscussmedicalandtoxi-cologicalissues.Thisyearthegrouphasbeenarrangedinto‘issueteams’whichworkonspecificissuessuchasEMF,mercuryexposureanddisinfectionby-products,andreportbacktothemainHWG.TheHWGalsoorganizesayearlyliteraturereviewofstudiespublished,whichmaybeofinteresttothechlor-alkalicommunity.
TheEWGismadeupofenvironmentalexpertswhoworkonseveralspecificprojectsofvaluetotheEuroChlormembership.TheseissuesincludedevelopingaPBTriskassessmentmethodology,thehexachlorobenzenerisk
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ourdossiersbeingevaluatedatsomestage,newdatagoingintotheREACHdossierwhererequired,andthepreparationofsummaryex-posurescenariostoappendtotheeSDS.Somesubstanceshave,moreover,beenearmarkedbyauthoritiesasrequiringfurtherwork–onenotableexamplebeingEDC,aboutwhichSlovakiahassubmittedanannexXVdossierbyAugusttoidentifyEDCasasubstanceofveryhighconcern.
AREACHdossierformercurywaspreparedbytheBelgian-basedconsultantARCHE,whichspecialisesinriskassessmentsofmetals.ThecooperationofthecompaniesinvolvedwasorganizedbyDela(aGermanrecyclingfirmdealingwiththerecoveryofmercury).EuroChlorprovidedtechnicalandscientificsupportbeforetheregistrationdeadline.
Thechlorinatedparaffins(medium-chain,long-chainandsulpho-)weremanagedseparatelybyaconsultant,andwerealsosuccessfullyregistered.
BiocidesTheregistrationofchlorine,sodiumhypochlo-riteandcalciumhypochloriteasactivesub-stancesundertheBiocidalProductsDirective(98/8/EC)iscontinuing,albeitalittlebehindschedule.TheregistrationsforproducttypesofMainGroup1(disinfectantsandgeneralbiocides)weresubmittedinmid-2007.Thedos-siersforthethreesubstanceshavebeenevalu-ated,andthedraftcompetentauthorityreportwasprovidedtousforsomeminorcorrection.
ThebackboneoftheEuroChlorScienceteam,ShaunPresow,wasawardedaPhD inChemistry inGermany in2008beforejoiningtheFederationin2009.
DatamanagementandsharingShaunisinvolvedinthemanagementofhealthdataprovidedbyEuroChlormembercompanies.Thesedataincludemercuryin workers’ urine, the self-assessment audit, in which com-paniesassess theirprogressagainstEuroChlorbestpracticeguidelines invariousareas,and reportingonchlorine inhala-tionincidents.ThecollateddataismadeavailabletotheGen-eral Technical Committee and the Health Group for analysis,discussion, benchmarking and improving existing GuidelinesinBestPracticedocuments.
EuroChlorscienceSinceJanuary2011ShaunhasbeenorganizingtheworkoftheEnvironmentWorkingGroupandassistinginthemanagementof theScienceSteeringCommittee.Additionallyhehas takenontaskswithintheChlorinatedParaffinsSectorGroup.
REACHShaun is managing the dossiers for chlorine, hydrogen chlo-ride, sodium hypochlorite and ethylene dichloride, as well asfollowingupgenericREACHissuesforEuroChlor.Heisalsoresponsible for the Biocides dossiers, namely the active sub-stance registration forchlorine, sodiumhypochloriteandcal-ciumhypochlorite.
EuroChlorscientificcommunicationSincethebeginningof2010Shaunhastakenoverthemanage-mentofsciencecommunicationwhichcoversforexampletheScienceDossiers(in-depthreviewsonvariouschlorinatedsub-stances and topics addressing the scientific community) andtheFocusonChlorineScience(FOCS)leafletsaimingtohelpnon-scientistsunderstandchlorine-relatedscienceissues.
ShaunPresowScienceCounsellor
“Qualitydatacollectionisvitaltocontinuedimprovementinoccupationalhealth”
32 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Inthisreport,theRapporteurMemberState(RMS)agreedwithourconclusions.Mem-berstatesandotherstakeholderswerethenprovidedwithanopportunitytoprovidetheirowncomments,whichtheydidbeforetheendofJanuary2011.TheRMSthenpreparedasynthesisofthesecomments,afterwhichthesubstanceswillbediscussedatTechnicalMeetings.EuroChlorwillattendthesemeet-ingswithexpertsfrommembercompaniestorespondtoanycommentsofthememberstatesidentifiedduringthecommentingprocess.Ifallgoeswell,wewouldexpectalistingofthesubstancesinAnnexIoftheBPDmid-2012.AsecondseriesofdossiersforMainGroup2(preservatives)weresubmittedinOctober2008forthethreeactivesubstances.Thesedossiershavebeenassessedascom-pletebytheRMS,andhaveenteredtheevalu-ationprocedure.Thisshouldbecompletedin2011.
ClassificationandlabellingJanuary3rd2011wasthedeadlinefortheclas-sificationandlabellingofsubstancesundertheCLPregulation(EC/1272/2008).Theclassifica-tionofallsubstances,nomatterwhattonnageproduced,hadtobenotifiedtoECHAbeforethisdeadline.Formostofourmembers,thiswasdoneintheREACHdossiers,butforthosewhodidnotsubmitaREACHdossier(duetoalowertonnageband)thesubstancehadtobenotifiedseparately.AllREACHconsortia,asapartoftheirwork,providedtheirrecom-mendedclassificationandlabellingtotheREACHconsortiaandSIEFmembers,andthe
documentsareavailableontheEuroChlorwebsite.EuroChloralsoprovidedarecom-mendationforcalciumhypochlorite,asnoREACHconsortiumismanagedbyEuroChlorforthissubstance.
Additionally,severalamendments(calledadaptationstoprogress)havebeenpublishedfortheCLPregulation,amendingtheclassifica-tions.Themostrecentofthese-publishedinMarch2011-introducedchronictoxicitycriteriafortheenvironment,whichmeantthattheclassificationforsodiumhypochloritehadtobeamended.Moreover,thesodiumhypochlo-riteconsortiumorganizedfurthertestingofthesubstanceonCeriodaphniadubia,whichconfirmedthatthesubstanceshouldkeeptheM-factorof10,andthusbelabelledasdangeroustotheenvironmentinconcentra-tionsgreaterthan2.5%.Mixturesmayhaveadifferentclassificationthresholdduetospecificmixturetesting.
OccupationalhealthissuesIn2010anoccupationalhealthworkshopwasheldonmercuryinBrussels.Itwaswellattended,andfeedbackreceivedwasexcellent,soweareconsideringholdingarepeatwork-shop.Thiswillbeorganizedinearly2012ifitisdecidedtopushahead.Inearly2011,theHealthGroupalsoprovidedaquestionnairetoallmembersregardingthehealthactivities,todevelopideasaroundwayswecanbestsupportourmembershipthroughtheseactivities.
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Anupdatehasbeenorganizedforthechlorineexposurequestionnaire,whichweaskmem-berstoreturnafteranincidentthatresultsinhumanexposure.Thisquestionnairecollectsdetailsonthemagnitudeofexposure,symp-tomsshownandtreatmentgiven.Bycollectingthisinformation,wehopetobuildapictureofhowincidentsareoccurringacrosstheindustry,andhowthesecanbestbetreatedtooptimisetreatmentoutcomes.
Theresultsofthemercuryinurinequestion-nairefor2009and2010hadanexcellentresponserate,with100%achievedin2010.Theresultsalsoshowedageneraldecreaseinexposurein2009,followedbyalevellingoffin2010.Thereisstillroomforimprovement,particularlyatsomesites.
Disinfectionby-products,chlorineandasthmaTheEuropeanUnionisinvestigatingthehealth-relatedeffectsofdisinfectionby-products(DBPs),byfinancingtheresearchprojectHIWATE.Themainfindingswerepresentedduringa3daymeetingin2010andpublicationsareforthcoming.
Significantprogresswasmadeinoureffortstounderstandsuggestedlinks,basedprimarilyonepidemiologicalstudies,betweenswimminginchlorinatedpoolsandrespiratorysymptomsincludingasthma.EuroChlororganizedanExpertsPaneldiscussiononthesubjectduringtheInternationalConferenceonSwimmingPoolsandSpas,Porto,on15March.
TheresultsofastudywhichEuroChlorsup-portedwiththeUniversityofUtrecht(partoftheEUHITEAproject)onmorethan2000Dutchchildrenwerepresented.Thestudyfoundnolinkbetweenswimmingpoolat-tendanceandasthmaorwheezingorrhinitis:italsoprovidedvaluabledataonthetypicallevelsoftrichloramine(arespiratoryirritantby-productofchlorination)towhichthesechildrenwereexposed.
TheUtrechtresultsareparalleledbythosefromanewlongitudinalstudyonalmost6000childrenfromtheALSPACcohortintheUKwhosehealthandlifestylehavebeenfollowedindetailfrombirth.Thisstudyalsofoundnoassociationbetweenswimming(invariablyinchlorinatedpools)andtheriskofasthma.Onthecontrary,theauthorsnotedthatswimmingwasassociatedwithincreasedlungfunctionandlowerriskofasthmasymptoms,especiallyamongchildrenwithpre-existingrespiratoryconditions.
Reviewingthesetwolargestudies,andrelevantliteraturepublishedsinceapreviousworkshopinLeuvenin2007,theExpertsPanelcon-cludedthattheaccumulatedevidencedoesnotsupportthesuggestionsometimesmadethatswimminginchlorinatedpoolsasachildhasbeenamajorfactorintheriseinasthmainrecentdecades.Workwillcontinuetoclarifyanypossiblemorelimitedrisksforallsectionsofthepopulation.
HavingfunwithPVCinacleanswimmingpool:chlorineisgivingahandtoboth
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Leftpicture:FlexibleandelasticpolyurethaneshapesthiscomfortableItalianseat
Rightpicture:Flame-retardantpolyurethaneskinisusedforthesefashionablerearprojectionmonitors
EuroChlorpresentsitsscienceworkattheSETACEuropeCongressinMilanThe2011SETACcongressinMilanwasat-tendedbyover2,000environmentalscientists,chemistsandecotoxicologistsfromaroundtheglobe.Thecongressconsistedof4days(8parallelsessions)ofpresentationsanddailypostersessions.Thisyearmercurydidnotfeatureprominently,butlegacyPCBsremainedhighontheagenda,andseveralpostersdiscussingwaterchlorinationasamethodforremovalofpharmaceuticalsorotherchemicalsfromdrinkingwaterwerepresented.TherewasalotofinterestintheEuroChlorbooth,withthenewFOCSonlong-termmercuryexposureandtheselectionofsciencedossiersavailable(http://eurochlor.amaze/download-centre/science-dossiers.aspx).
Additionally,DolfvanWijkpresentedtheworkEuroChlorhasdoneonhexachlorobutadiene,showinghowthispersistent,bioaccumulativeandtoxicsubstancecanberiskassessed,andthatthesubstanceshowsnorisktopredatorsthroughsecondarypoisoning.
KeesvanGinkelfromAkzoNobelpresentedworkdoneonthebiodegradationofchlorinat-edparaffins,showinghowthebiodegradationpotentialislinkedtothedegreeofchlorination,andthatchlorinationabove50%retardsthedegradationofCPs.
NewSciencePublicationsNowthattheREACHregistrationforthechlor-alkalisubstancesislargelybehindus,morefocuscanbeturnedtowardstheEuroChlorscienceagenda,andamajorpartofthisisthepublicationofthissciencework.
Inearly2011,EuroChlorpublishedtwonewFOCS(FocusOnChlorineScience)docu-ments,whicharedesignedtogiveaquickintroductiontovarioustopics.Thefirst,entitled‘Metallicmercury:thehealtheffectsoflong-term,lowtomoderateexposure’isadistillationofthecomplexdiscussioninoursciencedossierofthesamename.Inclear,un-derstandablelanguage,thisshowsthattheef-fectsoflong-termlowexposuresleadingtoex-posuresoflowerthan30µg/gcreatinineposenorisktoworkers.ThesecondFOCSdiscussestheissuesaroundbioaccumulation–howitisdefined,howsubstancesbioaccumulateandhowtoriskassessthesesubstances.
Itishopedlaterthisyeartoprepareasciencedossieronthehumanhealtheffectsofdisin-fectionby-productsfromtheuseofchlorine.AriskassessmentforhexachlorobenzeneisalsobeingfinalizedforpublicationbytheEnviron-mentalWorkingGroup.
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MarleenPauwelsjoinedEuroChloron1September2011asSec-torGroupandScienceManager.ShewillmanagesomeFluorSectorgroupsforhalfofhertime,whiletheotherhalfshewillbemanagingthehealthrelatedscienceissuesforEuroChlor.
ToxicityandhealthMarleen isadoctor inpharmaceuticalsciencesandobtainedherPhDdegreein2008attheVrijeUniversiteitBrussel(VUB)onathesisentitled:‘CriticalevaluationofthecurrentEUregu-latoryframeworkforthesafetyassessmentofcosmetics’.
She started her career at this university giving logistical andscientific support to the experts of the Belgian High CouncilofPublicHealth.MarleenthenwenttoAlbemarleEuropeasaSeniorRegulatoryAffairsandToxicologyAnalyst.Shethenre-turnedtotheVUBtotakeonresponsibilityforthepreparationoftechnicalinformationfilesandtheiracceptancebyauthori-tiesforcosmeticcompaniesinordertoputthemincompliancewiththecurrentcosmeticslegislation.
Forher scienceactivities inEuroChlorMarleenwill bedeal-ingwithavarietyofhealthandtoxicityrelatedtopics,includingmercuryandoccupationalexposureandchlorineandasthma.
MarleenPauwelsSectorGroupandScienceManager
“GladtobepartoftheEuroChlorteam”
Workers’exposuretoelectromagneticfields(EMF)TheupdateworkontheEuropeanDirectivetoprotectworkersagainsttheeffectsofelectro-magneticfieldshasledtosuccessivedraftdocumentsdiscussedwiththesocialpartners.Thefinaldraft,integratingthelatestICNIRPguidelineforlowfrequenciesEMFandtheGermanauthorities’studyresults,hasledtotheeditingofaformalopinionbytheAdvisoryCommitteeforSafetyandHealth.TheCom-missionwasaskedtomakeseveraltechnicalimprovementsandtoaddclarificationstothedraftDirective.Inthelatestversiondistributed,theCommissionhasmostlyintegratedthecommentsmadebythestakeholders,andtheDirectivehasbeensubmittedtotheCouncilandtheParliamentjustbeforethesummer.
Clarificationsarestillrequired,buttheywillprobablybeintegratedinaguidelinetobepreparedbytheCommissionwiththestake-holders.ThetargetistohavethisnewdirectivevotedbeforeApril2012,allowingtheoldonetoberepealedbeforethetimelimitforitsimplementation.
Inparallel,EuroChlorisrestartingtheworkwithCENELECtofinalizeastandardformeasurementmethodsapplicabletotheelectrolysisindustries,basedonthenewdraftDirective’scontent.
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NewpagesinhistoryofaviationarewrittenbytheSOLARIMPULSE,theworld’sfirstairplaneaimingtoflynightanddayaroundtheworldonlypropelledbysolarenergy.
Chlorinechemistrycontributestothemanu-facturingofits12,000solarcells,lightweightpolyurethanefoamsandunbreakablepolycar-bonatefilmsandsheetforthecockpitglazing.
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05 Communication & Education
Relevant, scientific and timely information
The European chlor-alkali industry has based its reputation management on providing relevant, scientifically sound and timely information. Stakeholders are informed of the newest scientific findings linked to the sector’s activities and of Euro Chlor news on regulatory developments.Unexpected events concerning chlorine-related substances have called for prompt and adequate communication. Immediately after the Hungarian red sludge disaster and at the start of the dioxin crisis in the German food chain, Euro Chlor published one-pagers explaining the basic facts about caustic soda and dioxins. This transparency is closely linked to Euro Chlor’s credibility.
ThenewlydesignedEuroChlorwebsitefulfilsthemodernsurfer’swishesforergonomics
TheeighthChlorineTechnologyConferenceinBudapestgathered330participants
EuroChlorwebsiteentirelyrenovatedOverthelasttwelvemonths,theEuroChlorwebsite–initiallycreatedin2005–hasbeencompletelyrevamped.Itsstructureisnowcontent-drivenandnolongerdrivenbytheSec-retariat’sstructure.Thisapproachenhancesuserfriendliness,theaimbeingthatanypageofinterestcanbefoundinjustthreeclicks.Thefreshandcolourfuldesignmeetstoday’sstandardsforcorporatewebsites.TheEuroChlorManagementBrief,sentmonthlytoselectedreadersamongmembercompanies,hasalsobeenrestyledandharmo-nizedwiththewebsiteappearance.
WebcommunicationremainsverysuccessfulTheformerEuroChlorwebsite,onlineuntilSeptember2011,countedabout160,000visi-torsin2010andevenstillshowedapositivetrendin2011(+6%averagemonthlyvisitors).Morethanhalfamillionwebpagesareviewedeveryyear.With30,000visitsperyear,thepagesonthechlorineproductionprocessesarethemostpopular.Onequarterofallvisi-torsregularlyreturntothesitetovisitotherpages.ThesitealsogenerateshundredsofmailsorderingEuroChlorpublicationsandtechnicaldocuments.
TechnologyConference&Exhibition:eightheditionWiththeeightheditionofitsChlorineTechno-logyConferenceinBudapest,EuroChlorcon-tinuesaseriesofimportantworld-scaleeventsthatstartedquitemodestlyin1981inParis.Itwasatthatpointintimethatamember-onlygatheringonchlorinehandlingandsafetywasorganized,underEuroChlor’sinitialnameBureauInternationalTechniqueduChlore.Afterthat,itwouldtakeuntil1990toorganizeinBrusselsthesecondTechnicalSeminaronSafety.Sincethen,furtherconferenceshavetakenplaceinParis,Leipzig,Barcelona,PragueandLyon.
The2011eventcountedabout330participantsand33exhibitorsatthisinternationalforumforexchanginganddiscussingthelatesttrendsonhealthmatters,environmentalprotectionandsafetyissueslinkedtochlor-alkaliproduction.Theysharedthenewesttechnologicaldevelop-mentsrelatedtoallaspectsofproduction,transportationanduseofchlorineandcausticsoda.
39CH 05 COMMUNICATION & EDUCATION
TheEuroChlorexhibitionstanddocumentstheimpactofchlorineandcausticindozensofareasofmodernlife
Fromhischemicalbackground,DirkClotmanhasbeenactiveallhiscareerindefending,explainingandpromot-ing chemistry and the chemical industry at large. Formorethanthreeyearsnow,hehasbeendevelopingandrefreshingEuroChlor’sinternalandexternalcommuni-cations,includingsciencecommunication,andadaptedthevisualidentityofEuroChlor.
Intheelectronicfield,abrandnewwebsitehasbeencre-atedandEuroChlor’sManagementBriefrestyled.Othertypesofelectroniccommunication–suchassocialnet-
works–arestudied.ThedailymaintenanceoftheEuroChlorandECSAwebpages-aswellasthemanagementoftheChlorVinylnetworkdocumentexchangesite-arealsohandledbyCommunications.RelevantinformationrelatedtoEuroChlorandtomembercompanies’activi-tiesaresharedintheelectronicnewsletter.
Finally,anextensivecommunicationprogrammeisbe-ing developed in order to increase the visibility of thechlorine industryand tohighlightmore intensively thebenefitsofitsdownstreamproducts.
DirkClotmanCommunicationsManager
“Intensiveelectroniccommunication,wrappedinanewjacket””
Highlevelinternationalspeakerscontributedtohelpusseenewperspectivesinthechlor-alkaliindustry.ThemajorityoftheparticipantscamefromalloverEurope,but14non-Euro-peancountriesfromallcontinentswerealsorepresented.
NewexhibitionstandCommunicationshaspreparedamodularexhibitionstandon‘Chlorineismore…thanyouthink’.Keywordsandeye-catchingpicturesillustratehowchlorineandcausticarefunda-mentalbuildingblocksforthousandsofusefulchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompounds.ThestandwillenhancetheEuroChlorvisiblepresenceatcongressesandmajormeetings.
40 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
EuroChlorInformationSheetsexplaincomplexscientificissuesinaveryaccessibleway
EuroChlorFOCSpublicationscoverinarelativelysimplewayresearchtopicsinthefieldofchlorinechemistry
InformationSheetsEuroChlor’scommunicationsstrategyembra-ceseffortstoexplainanumberoftopicslinkedtochlorinechemistrytoalargeaudience.SowehavecreatedInformationSheetsonvarioussubjects.ThesesheetscanbeeasilytranslatedintootherEuropeanlanguages.Policymakers,thepressandthepublicatlargemaybeinter-estedintheseone-pagers,whichcanofcoursebedownloadedfromthewebsiteasPDFfiles.RespondingtoindustrialincidentsinHungaryandGermany,EuroChlorissuedInformationSheetsoncausticsodaanddioxins.OtherSheets,liketheonesonPCBsandthefightagainstmalaria,havebeenupdated,explainingEuroChlor’spositionontheseissues.
NewScienceDossieronhalogenatedby-productsEuroChlorpublishedanewScienceDossierin2010:Environmentalsafetyofhalogenatedorganicby-productsfromtheuseofactivechlorine.Thispublicationpresentsadetailedexaminationofthehalogenatedby-productsgeneratedwhenusingactivechlorinefordisin-fectionofwaterandtheenvironmentalimpactofthesespecies.
TwoFOCSpublicationsFOCSpublications(‘FocusonChlorineSci-ence’)coverscienceissuesaimingtoclarifyandconsolidateinarelativelysimplewayresearchinthefieldofchlorinechemistry.Initi-atedin2010,twoissueshavebeenpublishedin2011:MetallicMercury:thehealtheffectsoflong-term,lowtomoderateexposures(March)andBioaccumulation(May).
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06European chlor-alkali industry shoots back up
While the European chlor-alkali industry was one of the first chemical sectors to be severely hit by the dramatic economic and financial crisis, which started during the second half of 2008, it was also among the first ones to show signs of improvement in 2010. Demand for caustic soda, an essential co-product in chlorine manufacture, managed to recover from the drastic drop in 2009. The chlorinated solvents market also recovered from a substantial decrease in 2008-2009, but remained below the pre-crisis levels.
Industry overview
Afterbeingdeeplyaffectedbythe2008-2009downturn,2010chlorineproductionanddemandregisteredthefastestrebounds,albeitremainingwellbelowthepre-crisislevels.Withnearly10milliontonnesin2010,Europeanchlorineproductionwas9.9%higherthaninthepreviousyear.The2010averagecapacityutilizationratereached79.0%comparedto71.1%in2009.
GermanyremainedEurope’slargestchlorineproducer,accountingfor45%ofEuropeanpro-duction,followedbyBelgium/TheNetherlandswith15.7%,andFrancewith11.4%.Thesetopthreeregionsaccountedtogetherfor72%oftotalEuropeanchlorinemanufacturein2010.
Afteradrasticdropand,consequently,recordhighstocklevelsin2009,demandforcausticsoda–anessentialco-productinthemakingofchlorine–,managedtorecoveralthoughitisstillnotasrobustandstableasbeforethecrisis.Overallaveragemonthlystocklevelsremainedjustbelowthe250,000tonnesmark.
Chlorineandcausticsoda,whicharekeychemicalbuildingblocksforawiderangeofproductsandprocesses,areproducedbyelectrolysisusingthreemaintechnologies:mercury,membraneanddiaphragm.Afterhav-ingusedthemercurytechnologyformorethanacentury,theEuropeanchlor-alkaliindustrycommittedvoluntarilytocloseorconvertitsmercurybasedplantsby2020.Intheyear2000,themercuryprocessstillaccountedfor54%ofEuropeancapacity.Thetargetwasformercurycellstorepresentlessthan35%of
theinstalledcapacitybytheendof2010.Andtheindustrydidnotfailtodeliver:thegradualshiftawayfromthemercurycelltechnologycontinued,accountingfor30.9%ofthetotalinstalledcapacityin2010,a8.9%changeon2009.Themoreenergy-efficientmembranetechnologyaccountedformorethan50%of2010Europeanchlorinecapacity.
Aftertwodifficultconsecutiveyearsthechlo-rinatedsolventsmarketisslowlyrecovering.Withnearly158,000tonnesin2010,combinedsalesofdichloromethane(methylenechloride)andperchloroethylene(tetrachloroethylene)were10.4%higherthanin2009.Butthesitua-tiondiffersforeachsolvent.Salesofdichloro-methanewentupby13.8%in2010comparedtothepreviousyear,whereasforperchloro-ethylenethesituationremainedratherstablewitha2.7%increase.WithonlyoneproducerinWesternEurope,salesoftrichloroethylenecannolongerbereportedinobservanceoftheCeficstatisticsrules.
In2010,EuropeanchlorineproductionwasnearlytenpercenthigherthaninthepreviousyearA
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43INDUSTRY OVERVIEWCH 06
ChlorinatedParaffins:scientificdevelopmentsarecontinuing
Chlorinatedparaffinssalesin2010wereabove45,000tonnes,approximately1%uponthepreviousyear.DossierstoregisterMCCPandLCCPunderREACHweresub-mittedaheadofthe1Decemberdeadline.TherewasnoConsortiumforSCCP,butadossierforSCCPhasbeensubmitted.ThedossiersarecurrentlybeingevaluatedbyECHA,theEuropeanChemicalsAgencyinHelsinki.
FormaltestingrequirementstoassesswhetherMCCPfulfilsthePBTcriteriaweremetandsubmittedtotheUK,asrappor-teurMemberState.Therequiredbioac-cumulationtestonachlorinatedtetradec-aneshowedabioaccumulationpotentialabovethecriteria.However,asthisspecificcomponenthasalsobeenfoundtobebiodegradable,theoverallconclusionwasthatnoMCCPcomponentsare‘PBT’.TherapporteuracknowledgedinthereporttoECHAthefactthatdifferentcomponentsofMCCPsmayhaveverydifferentenviron-mentalpropertiesandreferredtotheongo-ingworkcarriedoutbytheSectorGroup.
InEurope,Norwayhasmaintainedpres-sureonMCCPs,whichtheyhaveputontheirnationallistofsubstancesofconcern.TheCPSectorGroupbelievesthisisdonebasedonincorrectdataandassumptions.WiththehelpofCeficthisapproach,af-fectingMCCPsaswellasothersubstancessuchasphthalates,isbeingcontestedargu-ingthatNorwegianauthoritieshaveagreedtofollowREACH.Byfollowinganunscien-tificapproachandlistingthesubstancesincorrectlyanunjustifiedbusinesspressureisputontheproduct.
SCCPswerediscussedundertheStockholmConventionbythePOPReviewCommittee(POPRC)meetinginOctober2010forthefifthyearinarow.Thisisexceptionalasnoothersubstancehasbeendiscussedmorethanonceperevaluationstage.OnceagainthePOPRCcouldnotreachaconsensusviewwithseveralPartiesopposingtolistSCCPasaPOP,includingJapan,IndiaandChina.Alternativelytherewasalsonounanimoussupporttosetthesubstanceaside.ThereforeitwasdecidedtoevaluatetheinterpretationoftheAnnexEcriteriaandalsotofocusonthe‘toxicinteraction’issuewhichreferstomixtures.SCCPsareexpectedtobeonlybrieflyrevisitedatPOPRC7withanotherin-depthdiscussionplannedforPOPRC8(2012).
Plantvisitsofneighboursandotherstakeholdersaretypi-
calfortheopennessofthechlorineindustry A
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44 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Scientificdevelopmentsarecontinuing.Aprojectisbeingruntoinvestigatethepos-sibilitythatMCCPsinterferewithvitaminKabsorptioninthegut.Initialresultsshowthatthisisnotthecase,buttherearesomeissueswiththetestmodelthatneedtobefurtherinvestigated.AdditionallyworkisongoingwiththebiodegradationofMCCPsatvariouslevelsofchlorination.ResultsdemonstratethatMCCPsupto50%chlori-nationarerapidlyandeasilybiodegradable.Componentswithhigherlevelsofchlorina-tionarealsobiodegradablebutarepronetoproducesomerecalcitrantmetabolites.Thenatureofthesemetabolitesisbeinginves-tigatedfurther.ThebiodegradationresultswerepresentedatSETACinMay2011andapeer-reviewedpaperisforthcoming.
AdditionallyinlateAugustapresentationontheriskassessmentofSVHCcom-poundswasdeliveredattheDioxin2011symposiuminBrussels,whichincludedCPsasanexample.
TheroofoftheCologne“RheinEnergy”soccerstadiumconsistsofpolycarbonatepanels
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45INDUSTRY OVERVIEWCH 06
46 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Thechlorinetreeshowstheversatilepropertiesandusesofchlorineoriginatingfromplainsalt.CheckouranimatedChlorinetreeonwww.eurochlor.org>whatischlorineusedfor.
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Capacities&Processes%oftotalcapacity
EuropeanChlorineproductionin20109,999kilotonnes
Europeanchlorineapplicationsin201010,010kilotonnes
Europeancausticsodaapplicationsin20109,801kilotonnes
Pulp,paper,cellulose1,336kt(13.6%)Adhesives,heattransferprinting,newspapers,books
Mineraloils139kt(1.4%)Greases,fueladditives
Aluminiumandmetals571kt(5.8%)Greenhouses,carandairplanepanels,steelhardening
Foodindustries447kt(4.6%)Fruitandvegetablepeelings,icecream,thickeners,wrappings
Miscellaneous1,645 kt(16.8%)Neutralizationofacids,gasscrubbing,pharmaceuticals,rubberrecycling
Soaps349kt(3.6%)Shampoos,cosmetics,cleaningagents
Bleach 379kt(3.9%)Textiles,disinfectants
Phosphates167kt(1.7%)Detergents
Watertreatment436kt(4.4%)Flocculationofwaste,aciditycontrol
Otherinorganics1,372kt(14.0%)Paints,glass,ceramics,fuelcells,perfumes
Rayon142kt(1.5%)Bedspreads,surgicaldressings
Inorganics1,351kt(13.5%) Disinfectants,watertreatment,paintpigments
Isocyanates&Oxygenates2,937kt(29.3%)Uphlostery,insulation,footwear,plastics,pesticides,carpaints
Solvents312kt(3.1%)Metaldegreasing,adhesives,drycleaning,plastics
Epichlorohydrin 545kt(5.4%)Pesticides,epoxyresins,printedcircuits,sportsboats,fishingrods
Chloromethanes540kt(5.4%)Siliconrubbers,decaffeinators,Teflon®,paintstrippers,cosmetics
OtherOrganics922kt(9.2%)Detergents,ship&bridgepaints,lubricants,wallpaperadhesives,
herbicides,insecticides
PVC 3,403kt(34.0%)Doorsandwindowframes,pipes,flooring,
medicalsupplies,clothing
Organics 2,818 kt(28.8%)Artificialarteries,parachutes,pentips,telephones
France1,136 kt(11.4%)
Germany4,497kt(45.0%)
UK+Poland+Portugal+Switzerland885kt(8.9%)
Italy+Austria+Greece+Romania+Norway795kt(7.9%)
Spain531kt(5.3%)
CzechRepublic+SlovakRepublic+Hungary+Finland+Sweden 583kt(5.8%)
Belgium+theNetherlands1,572 kt(15.7%)
MercuryMembraneDiaphragmOther
47INDUSTRY OVERVIEWCH 06
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07 Chlorine production plantsJanuary 2011
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COUNTRY * COMPANY SITE PROCESS CAPACITY(000tonnes)
Austria 1 DonauChemie Brückl M 70
Belgium 3 SolVin Antwerp Hg 290
M 144
4 SolVin Jemeppe M 174
5 INEOSChlorVinyls Tessenderlo1 Hg 170
M 270
CzechRep. 6 Spolana Neratovice Hg 135
7 Spolchemie Usti Hg 61
Finland 8 AkzoNobel Oulu Hg 40
9 Kemira Joutseno M 75
France 10 PPChemicals Thann Hg 72
11 Perstorp PontdeClaix D 170
12 ARKEMA Fos D 150
M 150
13 ARKEMA Jarrie Hg 170
14 ARKEMA Lavera Hg 166
D 175
15 ARKEMA SaintAuban M 20
16 MétauxSpéciaux Pomblière Na 42
17 Prod.Chim.d'Harbonnières
Harbonnières Hg 23
18 Solvay Tavaux Hg 240
M 120
19 Prod.Chim.Loos Loos Hg 18
Germany 20 BASF Ludwigshafen Hg 170
M 215
21 Bayer Dormagen M 400
HCl 80
22 Bayer Leverkusen M 330
23 Bayer Uerdingen Hg 130
M 110
24 Bayer Brunsbuttel HCl 210
25 Dow Schkopau M 250
26 Vinnolit Knapsack M 250
27 CABBGmbH Gersthofen M 45
28 Dow Stade D 1030
M 555
29 AkzoNobel Ibbenbüren Hg 125
30 AkzoNobel Bitterfeld M 88
31 EvonikDegussa Lülsdorf Hg 137
32 INEOSChlorVinyls Wilhelmshaven Hg 149
33 AkzoNobel Frankfurt Hg 167
34 Solvay Rheinberg D 110
M 85
35 VESTOLIT Marl M 260
36 Vinnolit Gendorf M 180
37 Wacker Chemie Burghausen M 50
Greece 38 HellenicPetroleum Thessaloniki Hg 40
94 Kapachim InofitaViotias M 4
95 UnileverKnorr Marousi M 20
Hungary 39 BorsodChem Kazincbarcika Hg 131
M 160
Ireland 40 MicroBio Fermoy M 9
COUNTRY * COMPANY SITE PROCESS CAPACITY(000tonnes)
Italy 41 AltairChimica Volterra M 27
93 ProcterandGamble Campochiaro M 20
42 Solvay Bussi M 25
44 Syndial Assemini/Cagliari M 150
49 Solvay Rosignano M 120
50 TessenderloChemie PieveVergonte Hg 42
Netherlands 51 AkzoNobel Botlek M 633
52 AkzoNobel Delfzijl M 109
54 SABIC Bergen op Zoom M 89
Norway 55 Borregaard Sarpsborg M 45
56 Elkem Bremanger M 10
57 INEOSChlorVinyls Rafnes M 260
Poland 58 Rokita BrzegDolny Hg 78
M 48
59 Zachem Bydgoszcz D 72
60 Anwil Wloclawek M 214
Portugal 61 Solvay Povoa M 26
62 CUFQuimicosIndustriais
Estarreja M 72
HCl 44
Romania 91 Oltchim RamnicuValcea Hg 186
M 105
92 ChimComplex Borzesti M 107
Slovenia 88 TKI Hrastnik Hrastnik M 16
Spain 64 Ercros Huelva/Palos Hg 48
65 Ercros Sabinanigo M 30
66 Ercros Vilaseca Hg 135
M 55
67 EHERSA Hernani M 15
68 ELNOSA Lourizan Hg 34
69 Ercros Flix Hg 115
70 QuimicadelCinca Monzon Hg 31
71 Hispavic Martorell Hg 218
72 Solvay Torrelavega Hg 63
Sweden 75 INEOSChlorVinyls Stenungsund Hg 120
Switzerland 77 CABBAG Pratteln Hg 27
UK 82 INEOSChlorVinyls Runcorn Hg 277
M 400
85 Brenntag Thetford M 7
TOTAL 12468
Nonmembers 165
Members(98,7%) 12303
* Numberonmap1 TotalcombinedchlorineproductioncapacityPermitto400
Process:Hg:MercuryM:MembraneD:DiaphragmHCl:ElectrolysisofHCltoCl2Na:moltensaltelectrolysis/CompanynamesinitalicsarenotEuroChlormembers
49CH 07 CHLORINE PRODUCTION PLANTS
50 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
08 Euro Chlor
In the centre of chlor-alkali regulatory and HSE issues
Euro Chlor represents the interests of 98% of chlor-alkali producers in the EU-27 and the EFTA regions with the EU institutions and international authorities. It constitutes a central partner for member companies to share best practices on health, safety and environment matters. The Federation co-ordinates scientific and communications activities in order to improve understanding of chlorine chemistry and its great importance providing basic building blocks for thousands of substances.
Apartfromits38producermembercompanies,EuroChlorcounts45AssociateMembersand43Technicalcorrespondents
InEurope,36producermembersofEuroChlordirectlyemployabout39,000peopleat69manufacturinglocationsin20countries.However,almost2,000,000jobsaredirectlyorindirectlyrelatedtochlorineanditsco-productcausticsodawhenthenumerousdownstreamactivitiesaretakenintoconsideration.Apartfromproducers,EuroChloralsohas45Associatemembersand43TechnicalCor-respondents.Theseincludenationalchlorineassociationsandworkinggroups,suppliersofequipment,materialsandservicesaswellasdownstreamusersandproducersoutsideEurope.
FromitsofficesinBrussels,EuroChlorprovidestheSecretariatfortheWorldChlorineCouncil,aglobalnetworkofnationalorre-gionalorganizationsinmorethan27countries.Bytheendofthisyear,WCCwillrepresentover90%ofworld-widechlor-alkaliproduction,takingintoaccounttheanticipatedmember-shipoftheChineseChlor-AlkaliIndustryAssociation(CCAIA).
EuroChlorwasfoundednearly60yearsagoasaproduction-orientedtechnicalorganization(BureauInternationalTechniqueduChlore,BITC)butwasrestructuredin1989inordertoprovidethesectorwithstrengthenedscientific,advocacyandcommunicationscapabilities.Sincethen,astrongfocushasbeenplacedonsoundsciencecoupledwithcontinualhealth,safetyandenvironmentalimprovementscomplementedbyopenandtransparentcom-municationswithkeystakeholders.
Ontheoccasionofthe20thanniversaryofEuroChlorin2009,theFederationunderlinedthatoneofitsmajorobjectiveshasalwaysbeenthefullrecognitionbyEuropeandtherestoftheworldofthebenefitsofchlorinechemistrytosociety.
The13SecretariatstaffemployedatofficesinBrusselsrepresentssevennationalities(Belgian,English,Dutch,French,German,NewZealandandSwedish)andspeak9languages.
GuidanceandoverallstrategicdirectionisprovidedbytheManagementCommitteeandafewdozencommitteesandworkinggroupsprovidespecialistknowledgeandsupport.
CHLORINEANDCAUSTICSODA–KEYCHEMICALBUILDINGBLOCKS
Adhesives Ceramics Fiber-glass Lubricants
Advancedcomposites Computers Flame-proofing Paints
Airbags Cosmetics Footballs Paper
Antibiotics Creditcards Fungicides Perfumes
Antifreeze Detergents Gaskets Pharmaceuticals
Bleach Disinfectants Golfbags Plastics
Bloodbags Drillingfluids Greenhouses Refrigerants
Brakefluids Drinkingwater Hairdryers Rollerblades
Bullet-resistantglass Drycleaning Herbicides Roofing
Bumpers Dyestuffs Inks Safetybelts
Carseats Electronics Insulation Vitamins
Carpets Explosives Intravenousdrips Windowframes...
CDsandDVDs Fertilizers Lighting ...andmuchmore.
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52 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
EuroChlorhelpstoimproveunderstandingoftheimportanceofchlorinechemistryforprovidingbasicbuildingblocksforthousandsofsubstances
ManagementCommittee(20June2011)
Chairman:MichaelTräger VESTOLIT
AndreasAmling BayerMaterialScience
JoséBerges EvonikDegussa
FilipeConstant Solvay
FranciscoGarcíaBrú Ercros
FabriceGarrigue Perstorp
YvesHeroes LVM(TessenderloChemie)
JanuszKwaśny PCCRokita
MartinProcházka Spolchemie
GianfrancoRusso Syndial
KnutSchwalenberg AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicals
OttoTakken ARKEMA
ChrisTane INEOSChlorVinyls
ArndThomas DowDeutschland
ThomasWehlage BASF
MichaelWinhold Vinnolit
Secretariatstaff
AlistairSteel ExecutiveDirector
FrançoiseMinne SeniorAssistant
DolfvanWijk Science&RegulatoryAffairsDirectorChlorinatedParaffinsManager
MarleenPauwels ScienceManager
ShaunPresow ScienceCounsellor
CarolineAndersson SeniorCounsellorRegulatoryAffairs
DavinaStevenson Assistant
IsabelleCoppens Assistant
Jean-PolDebelle Technical&SafetyDirector
ChantalPeeters Assistant
DirkClotman CommunicationsManager
WolfgangMarquardt ECSAManager
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PVCoffersvirtuallyunlimitedpossibilitiesforthecreativeproductionofwindowframes
Committeesandworkinggroups
Management• ManagementCommittee• adhocSustainabilityTaskForce• StatisticsCommittee
Advocacy&communications• RegulatoryAffairsCommittee• NationalChlorineAssociationsNetwork• AdhocEnergyWG• ChlorineCommunicators’Network
Productgroups• ChlorinatedParaffinsSectorGroup• PotassiumGroup
EuropeanChlorinatedSolventAssociation• ManagementCommittee• Communication&OutreachWG• GeneralTechnicalWG• Occupational&EnvironmentalHealthWG• ProductWG• SustainabilityWGs
Science• SteeringCommittee• EnvironmentWG• BiocidesStrategyGroup• BiocidesRegistrationGroups• REACHProjectTeam
Technical&safety• GeneralTechnicalCommittee(GTC)• EnvironmentalProtectionWG• GEST(Safety)WG• EquipmentWG• InstrumentsWG• TransportWG• HealthWG• ElectromagneticFieldsWG• AnalyticalWG• AdhocGroupChlor-AlkaliBREFUpdate• CarbonFootprintTF• MercuryinsoilTF
WorldChlorineCouncil• WCCGoverningCouncil• WCCManagementCommittee• WCCJointGlobalAdvocacy
&ScienceTeam• WCCGlobalSafetyTeam• WCCGlobalSustainabilityTeam
Tess
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Che
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53EURO CHLORCH 08
54 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
FullMembers
AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicalsAltairChimicaAnwilArkemaBASFBayerMaterialScienceBorregaardBorsodChemCABB(Germany)CABB(Switzerland)CHIMCOMPLEXCUF-QuímicosIndustriaisDonauChemieDowDeutschlandAnlagengesellschaftElectroquímicadeHernaniElectroquímicadelNoroesteErcrosEvonikDegussaHellenicPetroleumINEOSChlorVinylsKemiraMSSANováckechemickézávodyOLTCHIMPCCRokitaPerstorpFrancePPCQuímicadelCincaSociétédesProduitsChimiques d’HarbonnièresSolvaySolVinSpolchemie,SpolekprochemickouahutnívýrobuSyndialTessenderloChemieVESTOLITVinnolitZACHEMZAKŁADYChemiczneZachem
AssociateMembers
AlKoutIndustrialProjectsAngeliniAcraf.AquagroupArchChemicalsAsahiKaseiChemicalsCorporationAsociaciónNacionaldeElectroquímica (ANE)AssociationofChemicalIndustryof theCzechRepublic(SCHP)BOCBochemieBrenntagUKGroupCaffaroBresciaChemicalIndustriesAssociation(CIA)ChemieanlagenbauChemnitzChemoformChlorineEngineersCorp.DeNoraDeutschlandDELAessensciaFederchimicaAssobaseGHCGERLING,HOLZ&CO.HungarianChemicalIndustry Association(MAVESZ)InquideK+SEntsorgungKapachimLEUNA-TENSIDELOMBARDAHLonzaNankaiChemicalCo.NCPChlorchem(Pty)NIPPONSODACO.NOVACIDPolishChamberoftheChemicalIndustry (PIPC)Procter&GambleEurocorSGCIChemiePharmaSchweizSojitzEuropeSyndicatdesHalogènesetDérivés(SHD)SyngentaCropProtectionSyngentaTeijinAramidTheSwedishPlasticsandChemicals Federation(Plast-&Kemiföretagen)TosohCorporationUhdeUnileverR&DVlaardingenVerbandderChemischenIndustrie(VCI)VerenigingvandeNederlandse ChemischeIndustrie(VNCI)
TechnicalCorrespondents
AFCEnergyAGCChemicalsEuropeAkerKvaernerChemeticsApplitekBLUESTAR(Bejing)ChemicalMachineryCAN-TECHChemtecUKConve&AVSCoogeeChlorAlkaliPtyCraneResistoflexCristalGlobalDescoteErametEynardRobinFlowstreamInternationalGarlockGeorgFischerRLSH2ScanCorporationHealthandSafetyExecutiveHitechInstrumentsHuntsman(Europe)ISGECKorumaKlorAlkaliKronosEuropeLubrizolAdvancedMaterialsEuropeNedStackFuelCellTechnologyNirouChlorOccidentalChemicalBelgiumPfeifferChemie-ArmaturenbauPhönixArmaturen-WerkeR2RelianceIndustriesRichterChemie-TechnikRIVM–CEVSasolPolymersSeniorAerospaceErmetoSIEM-SupraniteSimonCarvesTaylorshawValvesTechnipFranceTronoxPigments(Holland)VichemWTArmatur
55EURO CHLORCH 08
AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicalsBVStationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortTHENETHERLANDSSwitchboard:+31 33 4676767Generalfax:+31 33 4676108www.akzonobel.com
AltairChimicaSpAViaMoieVecchie,1356047SalinediVolterra(PI)ITALYSwitchboard:+39 0588 9811Generalfax:+39 0588 98181www.altairchimica.com
AnwilSAul.Toruńska22287-805WłocławekPOLANDSwitchboard:+48 54 236 30 91Generalfax:+48 54 236 19 83www.anwil.pl
Arkema420,rued’Estienned’Orves,92705 ColombesCedexFRANCESwitchboard:+33 1 49 00 80 80Generalfax:+33 1 49 00 83 96www.arkema.com
BASFSECarl-Bosch-Str.38DE-67056LudwigshafenGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 621 60-0Generalfax:+49 621 60-42525www.basf.com
BayerMaterialScienceAGBuildingK12Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee51368LeverkusenGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 214 30-1Generalfax:+49 214 30-96 38810www.bayermaterialscience.com
BorregaardPOBox1621701SarpsborgNORWAYSwitchboard:+47 69 11 80 00Generalfax:+47 69 11 87 70www.borregaard.com
BorsodChemZrt.Bolyaitér 13700KazincbarcikaHUNGARYSwitchboard:+36 48 511-211Generalfax:+36 48 511-511www.borsodchem.hu
CABBAGDüngerstrasse814133Pratteln1SWITZERLANDSwitchboard:+41 61 825 31 11Generalfax:+41 61 821 80 27www.cabb-chemicals.com
CABBGmbHAmUnisyspark165843SulzbachamTaunusGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 69 305 277-72Generalfax:+49 69 305 277-78www.cabb-chemicals.com
CHIMCOMPLEXSABORZESTIStr.Industriilornr.3Onesti601124,jud.BacauROMANIASwitchboard:+40 234 302400Generalfax:+40 234 302002www.chimcomplex.ro
CUF-QuímicosIndustriaisSAQuintadaIndústriaBeduído3860-680EstarrejaPORTUGALSwitchboard:+351 234 810 300Generalfax:+351 234 810 306www.cuf-qi.pt
DonauChemieAGAmHeumarkt,101030WienAUSTRIASwitchboard:+43 1 711 47-0Generalfax:+43 1 711 47-5www.donau-chemie.com
DowDeutschlandAnlagengesellschaftmbHWerkStadePOBox112021677StadeSwitchboard:+49 4146 91 0Generalfax:+49 4146 91 2600www.dow.com
ElectroquímicadeHernani,S.A.AvenidadeMadrid,13 - 1°20011Donostia-SanSebastianSPAINSwitchboard:+34 943 451 140Generalfax:+33 943 453 965
56 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
ElectroquímicadelNoroeste,S.A.(ELNOSA)MarismaDeLourizan,s/n36910PontevedraSPAINSwitchboard:+34 986 85 37 50Generalfax:+34 986 86 41 32www.elnosa.es
Ercros,S.A.AvenidaDiagonal59508014BarcelonaSPAINSwitchboard:+34934393009Generalfax:+34 934 308 073www.ercros.es
EvonikDegussaGmbHStandortLülsdorfFeldmühlestrasse53859NiederkasselGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 2208 69-0Generalfax:+49 2208 69-420www.evonik.de
HellenicPetroleumSA8AChimarrasstr.151 25MaroussiGREECESwitchboard:+30 210 63 02 000Generalfax:+30 210 63 02 510www.hellenic-petroleum.gr
INEOSChlorVinylsSouthParadeRuncornSiteHQPOBox9RuncornCheshireWA7 4JEUNITEDKINGDOMSwitchboard:+44 1928 561111www.ineoschlor.com
KemiraOyjPOBox 7Harmajantie 332741SastamalaFINLANDSwitchboard:+358 20 431 11Generalfax:+358 20 431 0431www.kemira.com
MSSAS.A.S.Pomblière73600SaintMarcelFRANCESwitchboard:+33 4 79 24 70 70Generalfax:+33 4 79 24 70 50www.metauxspeciaux.fr
Nováckechemickézávody,a.s.M.R.Štefánika1972 71NovákySLOVAKREPUBLICSwitchboard:+421 46 568 1111Generalfax:+421 46 546 1138www.nchz.sk
OLTCHIMS.A.1UzineiStreet240050Rm.ValceaROMANIASwitchboard:+40 250 701200Generalfax:+40 250 736188www.oltchim.ro
PCCRokitaSAul.Sienkiewicza4,56-120BrzegDolny,POLANDSwitchboard:+48 71 794 2000Generalfax:+48 71 794 2197www.rokita.com.pl
PerstorpFranceS.A.S.TourPleyel153BoulevardAnatoleFrance93200Saint-DenisFRANCESwitchboard:+33 1 77 93 26 24Generalfax:+33 1 42 43 45 13www.perstorp.com
PPCS.A.S.95rueduGénéraldeGaulleBP6009068802ThannCedexFRANCESwitchboard:+33 3 89 38 46 00Generalfax:+33 3 89 38 46 01www.ppchemicals.com
QuímicadelCinca,S.A.AvenidaDiagonal352,entresuelo08013BarcelonaSPAINSwitchboard:+34 934 584 000Generalfax:+34 934 584 007www.qcinca.es
SociétédesProduitsChimiquesd’Harbonnières(SPCH)BP5000180131HarbonnièresFRANCESwitchboard:+33 3 22 85 76 30Generalfax:+33 3 22 85 76 31www.spch.fr
SolvayS.A.RueduPrinceAlbert331050BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 509 6111Generalfax:+32 2 509 6617www.solvay.com
SolVinS.A.RuedeRansbeek, 3101120BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 264 2111Generalfax:+32 2 264 3585www.solvinpvc.com
Spolchemie,a.s.Spolekprochemickouahutnívýrobu,a.s.Revoluční86400 32ÚstínadLabemCZECHREPUBLICSwitchboard:+420 477 161 111Generalfax:+420 477 163 333www.spolchemie.cz
SyndialSpAPiazzaBoldrini,120097SanDonatoMilanese(Mi)ITALYSwitchboard:+39 02 520 326 00Generalfax:+39 02 520 326 16www.syndial.it
TessenderloChemieNV(LVMNV)RueduTrône,1301050BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 639 18 11Generalfax:+32 2 639 19 99www.tessenderlo.com
VESTOLITGmbH&Co.KGChemieparkMarlPaul-Baumann-Str.1D-45772 MarlGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 2365 49-05Generalfax:+49 2365 49-40 00www.vestolit.de
VinnolitGmbH&Co.KGCarl-Zeiss-Ring25 85737IsmaningGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 89 96 103-0Generalfax:+49 89 96 103-103www.vinnolit.com
ZACHEMZAKŁADYChemiczneZachem,a.s.WojskaPolskiego6585-825BydgoszczPOLANDSwitchboard:+48 52 374 71 00Generalfax:+48 52 361 02 82www.zachem.com.pl
57EURO CHLORCH 08
58 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
The Euro Chlor Sustainability Programme
Inthepastthechlorinechemistrywasoftenregardedasunsustain-able,becauseofproblemsthatarosewithcertainchlorinederiva-tives,nownolongerproducedoremissions,nowconsiderablyreduced.
The21stcenturyneedsasustainablechlorineindustry.Already,ourfirstsustainabilityprogrammehasdeliveredmajorimprovementsacrossabroadrangeofourkeyimpacts,andithasfocusedcompa-niesthroughoutthesectorontheareaswherefurtherimprovementscanmostbeneficiallybemade.
Ourfirstsustainabilityprogramme,announcedin2001,dedicatedtoprovidingscientificdatathataretheessentialbasisforsystem-aticriskassessmentandfocusedriskmanagement.Ithasnotonlyshowntheindustry’scollectivecommitmenttosustainabledevelop-ment.Ithasshowntheabilitytoleadanddelivermajorimprove-ments,bringingallintheindustrytowardsthestandardsofthebest.
Theroutetowardsfurtherimprovingthisbalancetocreateayetmoresustainablechlorineindustryischarted,andthesecondstageofthejourneyhasbegun.Welookforwardtoreporting,overthenext10yearstime,howthechlorineindustryhascontinuedtodelivermoreforsociety,fromless.
DiscovertheEuroChlorSustainableDevelopmentProgrammeonlineviawww.eurochlor.org.
10 Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011
Cover picture: Chlorine is produced in electrolysis cells, where an electric current is sent through brine, a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in water. Salt, water and electricity – the three basic raw materials of chlorine/caustic production – form the central themes of our Industry Review trilogy 2008-2011.In the 2008-2009 edition, we published artist’s impressions of electric current. The cover of the 2009-2010 Review was illustrated with beautiful water droplets, and this new edition shows salt crystals in their cubic mineral form.
Fundamentally strongup to a point
CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011
Euro Chlor wishes to express its special thanks to the following individuals and companies which provided pictures and illustrations for this Review: AkzoNobel, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Isabelle Coppens, Michel Dvorak, ECSA, ECVM, INEOS ChlorVinyls, IUPAC – UNESCO, Françoise Minne, Solvay SOLARIMPULSE, Tecnopol srl, Tessenderlo Chemie
Design by www.witvrouwen.be
Fundamentally strongup to a point
Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011
An affiliate of
Euro Chlor provides a focal point for the chlor-alkali industry’s drive to achieve a sustainable future through economically and environmentally sound manufacture and use of its products. Based in Brussels, at the heart of the European Union, the federation works with national, European and international authorities to ensure that legislation affecting the industry is workable, efficient and effective.
Euro Chlor©
Avenue E Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, box 2 - B-1160 Brussels - BelgiumT +32 2 676 72 11 - F + 32 2 676 72 41eurochlor@cefic.be - www.eurochlor.org
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