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Minister of National Education(Education Nationale)

Luc Chatel

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Minister of Higher Education &Research

Valérie PECRESSE

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Jules Ferry Laws

Free Education since 1881

Laicity (1882)

Creation of ModernRepublican School

(école républicaine )

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French Education System

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Divided into three parts:

primary education ( enseignement primaire );

secondary education ( enseignement secondaire );

tertiary or college education(enseignement supérieur)

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Primary Education

Ecole publique or école privée

‘ Académie ’ system

Age 3 – 10

Mandatory schooling from 6 – 16

(since 1967)

Grande section – introduction to reading

CP – writing

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Professeur des écoles (instituteur/trice)Laïcité (secularism) precept of FrenchRepublicCivics - La République – Liberté,Fraternité, Egalité.

March 2004 ‘conspicuous religioussymbols’ banned from schools

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Secondary Education

Private & Public schools

Collège and Lycée

Examinations and content

Terminale and Baccalauréat

Grades out of 20Aim is examination preparation

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7 Skills

1. Mastery of French language

2. Practical knowledge of LV2

3. Basics in Maths, Science and Technology4. Techniques of communication & obtaining

information

5. Humanities6. Social and Civic responsibility

7. Autonomy and Initiative

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Bac

Divided into three streams – séries

Scientifique (S)

Economique et Sociale (ES)

Littéraire (L)

No specializationBaccalauréat technologique and

Baccalauréat professionnel

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Issues in Primary Sector

Salary and motivation of school teachers

Saturday school

Integration of disabled childrenStatus of teacher in society

Sport art and Culture

Professional working mothersCarte Scolaire (abolished in 2007)

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Issues in Secondary Sector

Reform of the Lycée

Masterization of Teacher Training

Orientation issues

Reduction of No. of posts

Reduce No. of students without bacInequality in educational offering

Language studies/culture/responsibility

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History of Higher Education

13th century – first university

Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées – first Grande Ecole (1747)Ecole de Mines (1783)

Ecole Polytechnique (1794)

First state University (1806)

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Ecole Polytechnique (X)

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Tertiary Education

3 types of Tertiary Education

Grandes Ecoles

Universities

Institutes of Technology

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Pecularities of Higher Education

Small size and multiplicity of establishments

Graduate programmes operated incommon

Teaching staff – chargés de cours

Scientific research – CNRS; INSERM

Low tuition costs

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Classes Préparatoires (CPGE)

Competitive entry to CPGE

Between secondary and tertiary education

Private CPGE’s

Heavy workload

Colles – Khôlles Aim – entry into Grandes Ecoles

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Grande Ecoles

Specialization – Engineering, Business

Selective entry after Prepa or AST1/2

Prestige and elite

Produce France’s scientists/engineersand business executives

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Grandes Ecoles

Diplôme d’Ingénieur – (1934)

Diplôme de Grande Ecole

Other specialisations – ENS; ENA;

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Characteristics of Grande Ecole

1. Small size establishments

2. Highly selective admission process

3. Long studies

4. Mobility and faculty5. Integrated and flexible education methods

6. Close ties with industry (Alumni network)

7. Research activity

8. European and International focus

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Universities in France

UFR – Unité de formation et de la Recherche =Departments

Offer Licence (Bachelor’s) and Maîtrise (Master’s) degrees

Democratisation of education

Master Pro & Master Recherche

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Maîtrise features

Professionnally- or research-oriented

Strong link with recent research

Widening joint degrees procedure (co-habilitation)

European and international dimension

Commonly shared by universities andGrande Ecoles

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Doctoral Studies

Doctoral schools

Collective dialogue via seminars andcourses11,000 new doctorate degrees each year

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Institutes of Technology

IUT or STS

Bac + 2

Vocational training

DUT – Diplôme universitaire de technologie

BTS – Brevet de technicien supérieur

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Aims of Bologna

Europe converge towards a more

transparent system whereby the different

national systems would use a common

framework based on three cycles –

Degree/ Bachelor, Master and Doctorate

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Lisbon Council - 2000

« The most competitive and dynamicknowledge-based economy in the world,

capable of sustainable economic growthwith more and better jobs and greater social cohesion »

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Bologna Process - 19 June 1999

1. Diploma Supplement2. Two Cycles (LMD)3. European Credit Transfer System

(ECTS)4. Mobility5. Quality Assurance6. European Higher Education Area (2010)

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France & Bolgna Process

LMD implemented before 2007

Reforms

Doctoral studies – co-supervision of thesesEvaluation of teachers-researchers

Cooperation between universities; grande ecoles

and research institutes

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Issues in Education

Lifelong learning

Massification and elite systems

Access and wider participationEU harmonization

E-learning

Autonomy and competition

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Reform of Higher Education

Lack of researchers (CNRS/Inserm)Decrease in doctoral students – salaryand thesis systemAutonomy of universitiesPartenerships with Grande Ecoles,

Industry and Higher Education sector PRES – Pôles de Recherche etd’Enseignement Supèrieur

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University Strikes in 2009

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Reform of Higher Education

LRU (Loi sur la Réforme des Universités)

Strikes in 2009 (15 weeks)

Professional Status of Professors

Recruitment & Autonomy

Research & Teaching

Republican vs Neo-liberal conception

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Pierre Bourdieu (1930 – 2002)

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Theory of Practice

HABITUS

FIELD

CAPITALEconomic

Social

Cultural●

Embodied State● Objectified State● Institutionalised State

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Martin Trow

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Martin Trow (1926 – 2007)

Concepts of Higher Education

Elite

Mass

Universal

d

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Power in Education

State

Market Academy

i i

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Discussion

1. What do you find postive about the Frencheducation system?

1. What needs to be improved in the FrenchEducation System

1. How does your native education systemcompare to the French system?