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Fracturing Water QualityWestern North Dakota Water Resources Opportunities
10 Dec 2009
Mike Eberhard P.E.Technical Manager
Denver, CO
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 2
Water Considerations
Water sources• Well, municipal, river, reused,
etc.
Environmental Impact Costs to acquire and dispose
• All inclusive
Storage and handling• Pits or tanks
• Trucking or pipeline
Regulatory requirements• Federal, State, BLM, etc.
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 3
Water Quality Concerns
Treatment Type• Gelled fluid or water frac
Bacteria, scaling, residual chemicals
Water analysis• TDS, hardness, cations,
anions• Scaling tendencies
Consistency is
imperative
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 4
Water Quality Guidelines
* Limits are interdependent
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 5
Bacteria
Can double in population every 20 min Can cause formation damage and H2S
Significant problem in reused fluids
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 6
Typical Gelled Frac Fluid Chemistry
Base water Temporary clay control Biocide Scale inhibitor Gelling agent pH buffer Crosslinker Surfactant Breaker
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 7
Flowback Water/Produced Brines
Mixing different waters may exaggerate scaling problems
Storage and handling Water treatment
• Filter as required• Bacteria shock then store
Retreat for bacteria on fly• Remove bad actors
(Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Fe) • Add scale inhibitors as needed, based on source water
Lab testing• Cores for formation damage• Chemical compatibility
Dilute w/ fresh water to get below limits
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 8
Bakken Water Analysis
Bakken Produced Water – BPW, Referenced Municipal Water - RMW
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 9
Formation Water Scaling Tendencies
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