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8/3/2019 Foundations of Philippine Polity
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Foundations of Philippine Polity
Pat Ray M. Dagapioso
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Pre-Spanish Government
Barangay
A settlement composed of more or
less 100 families
Possesed the four elements of a
state:
A. Government
B. People C. Territory
E. Sovereignty
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Pre-Spanish Government
Barangay:
Rules by a Datu
Assisted by the Council of Elders(Maginoos)
Roles of a Datu:
A. Chief Executive
B. Law-Giver C. Chief Judge
D. Military Head
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Pre-Spanish Government
Barangay:
Two of the known laws
promulgated: A. Kalantiaw Code (1433 AD)
B. Maratas Code (1250 AD)
Laws promulgated are either: A. Written B. Unwritten
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Spanish Government
Las Islas de Filipinas was under
the Spanish Colonization for four
decades Spans exactly in 333 years
Philippines has been under the
power of different Spanish
agencies
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Spanish Government
Philippines was governed:
A. Mexico: 1565-1821
B. Council of Indies: 1821 1837 C. Council of Ministers: 1837-1863
D. Ministry of Ultramar: 1863-1898
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Spanish Government
Spanish Government in the
Philippines can be described as:
A. Centralized B. National in scope
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Spanish Government
Political Divisions:
A. King of Spain
B. Council of Indies C. Governor General
D. Encomendero/Alcalde Mayor
E. Gobernadorcillo
F. Cabeza de Barangay
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Spanish Government
Political Divisions:
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Spanish Government
Executive and Legislative Powersare vested in the GovernorGeneral
The Governor General is assistedby the Board of Authorities and theCouncil of Administration
Judicial System:
A. Royal Audiencia
B. Courts of First Instance
C. Justice of the Peace Courts
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Revolutionary Government
Filipino freedom fighters organized themselvesinto a de facto government after the existence ofthe Katipunan was revealed to the Spanishauthorities.
Filipino governments during the revolution:
A. The Katipunan
B. Biak-na-Bato Republic
C. Distatorial Government
D. Revolutionary Government
E. First Philippine Republic
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Katipunan
First began as a secret society in August 26, 1896.
Organized by Andreas Bonifacio, its centralgovernment was vested in the Supreme Council(Kataastaasang Sanggunian)
Provincial Council was established for provincialoperations.
Popular Council established for town leveloperations.
Endeth on March 21, 1897.
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Biak-na-Bato Republic
Established on November 1, 1897 by Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo. Has a constituion that is in effect
(supposedly) for 2 years.
The Biak-na-Bato declared the separationof Philippines from Spain.
Endeth of December 15, 1897.
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Dictatorial Government
Established on on May 24, 1898, by Gen.
Aguinaldo through the orders of theAmericans.
Achievements:
A. Proclamation of Philippine Independence B. Reorganization of Local Governmenta
Endeth on June 23, 1898.
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Revolutionary Government
Established on June 23, 1898, by Aguinaldo
again. Aims: A. Struggle for independence of the Philippines
B. Recognition of Philippines as an independent
State C. Prepare the Philippines for a real republic
Endeth on Septemebr 15, 1898.
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First Philippine Republic
Established on September 15, 1898.
Framed through the famed MalolosConstitution.
Several departments were createdthrough this republic, among these are:
A. Department of Education
B. Department of Foreign Affairs
Existed up to March 23, 1901.
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American Government
After the Spaniards, the Americans cameto subjugate Filipinos under itsimperialistic aims of being the next
superpower. Three governments under the Americans:
A. Military Government
B. Civil Government C. Commonwealth Government
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Military Government
April 14, 1898 the military governmentwas established by the Americans.Lasted up to 1901.
The highest officer of the land is the Military Governor.
Powers:
A. Executive B. Legislative
C. Judicial
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Civil Government
July 4, 1901 civil government was
inaugurated in the Philippines.
Headed first by a Civil Government, laterrenamed as Governor-General.
Most famous Governor General was
William Howard Taft, who went ot
become a president of the USA.
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Civil Government
Powers of Governor General:
A. President of the Philippine Commission.
Philippine Commision (upper house) and thePhilippine Assembly (lower house)
lawmaking bodies in 1901-1916. Both are
precursor to the Senate and House of
Representatives today. B. Executive Powers.
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Civil Government
During this time, two Resident
Commissioners were elected by the
Philippine Legislature.
These commissioners had seats in the
House of Representatives in the US.
However they dont have the right to vote
on issues at hand.
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Commonwealth Government
Tydings-McDuffie Law, establisehd the
Commonwealth Government on March
24, 1934.
Commonweath Government a
transition government made to establish
to prepare Filipinos to independence and
self-governance.
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Commonwealth Government
Inaugurated on November 15, 1935, its
first President was Pres. Manuel Quezon.
The Commonwealth Governmentpossess:
A. Executive
B. Legislative
C. Judicial Powers.
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Commonwealth Government
A. Executive:
Presidential and Republican in form.
B. Legislative:
Congress: i. Senate
ii. House of Representatives
C. Judiciary: i. Supreme Court
ii. Inferior Courts
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Commonwealth Government
Endeth on: President Osmenas term on
February 27, 1945.
Reality: The Filipinos had utmost control over its
domestic policies, but the Americans still has
the final authority over foreign affairs.
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Japanese Government
During World War II, the JapaneseImperial Forces occupied the Philippinesas part of the Pacific Theatre of the war.
Japanese Military Administrator wasestablished in January 3, 1942.
A civil government was established with
executive and legislative powers:Philippine Executive Commission.
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Japanese Government
Republic of the Philippines was established
in October 14, 1943.
Though, this can be branded as a puppet
government it held a significant mark in
Philippine history and politics.
Ultimate source of authority was the
Japanese military authority andgovernment.
Endeth on August 17, 1945.
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Third Philippine Republic
July 4, 1946 after the liberation of thePhilippines from Japan,Philippines has beendeclared independent with Manuel Roxas aspresident.
Presidents during this era: A. Roxas
B. Quirino
C. Magsaysay
D. Garcia
E. Macapagal
F. Marcos
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Marcos: Bagong Lipunan
Took office on Dec. 30, 1965, President
Ferdinand Marcos has been branded as
the most brillant of all Philippine
Presidents, albeit the most corrupt.
Amended 1935 Constitution to suit his
whims, thereby the inauguration of 1973
constitution.
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Marcos: Bagong Lipunan
Proclamation 1081: declared Martial Law
in September 21, 1973.
Martial Law: Congress was abolished,opposition leaders and critics were
imprisoned or just disappeared.
Desaparecidos: the Disappeared.
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Marcos: Bagong Lipunan
Marcos assumed the powers of:
A. Executive
B. Legislative
C. Judicial
Presidential Decrees and fully controlledBatasang Pambansa made Marcos a
complete dictator. Hes the only president who had been in
Third and Fourth Republics.
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Aquino Presidency:
Democracy restored
February 2 1986 Marcos declared snapelections. A contest of the presidencywas vied by both Marcos and Cory, the
wife of Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr. Massive cheating and impatience of the
Marcos government led to EDSA PeoplePower Revolution on February 22-25,1986.
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Aquino Presidency:
Democracy restored
Cory became the first woman presidentthereafter.
Established the Fifth Republic through the
Freedom Constitution through Proclamationno. 3.
Convened a Constitutional Commissionwhich is mandated to draft the 1987
Constitution. Did not run for office in 1992 presiddential
elections.
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Fidel Ramos: Tiger Economy
Former engineer, former military officer,
became one of the most effective
presidents of the country.
Helped economic and structural
problems in the country.
Prioritized privitization and deregulation,
and opening the country to foreign
investment.
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Fidel Ramos: Tiger Economy
Helped stabilize the electrivity problems
that rocked the ountry in 1992.
Signed peace agreement with the MNLFin 1996.
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Joseph Estrada:
Abrupt Presidency
A movie star who rose to the upperechelons of politics, his presidency wasriddled wiht allegations of graft and
corruption. Impeached by the House in Novemebr
2000, his trial was discontinued in 2001.
Ousted in power, through EDSA PeoplePower 2.
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Gloria Arroyo: Strong Republic
Came into power after the EDSA People
Power, former senator, former Vice-
President.
In Power for 9 years, made significant
advances in business, economy and
infrastructure.
Her administration was best by scandals
and corruption.
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President Noy: Matuwid na Daan
Son of popular politcal actors: Cory andNinoy, President Noy overwhelminglywon the 2010 presidential elections.
Presidency bounded on reforms,transparency and accountability.
Criticisms include: inefficiency, gross
immaturity of Aquino bureaucracy, andeconomy backlog.
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The End
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