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Review of Invertebrate Phyla in
the Fossil Record
Geology 230
Fossils and Evolution
Phylum Cnidaria: colonial corals (anthozoa)
Phylum Cnidaria: horn coral (anthozoa)
Skeleton of a modern coral
A living sea anemone, relative of corals
Living coral reefs
Living coral reefs
Phylum Bryozoa
Phylum Bryozoa
Phylum Bryozoa – living animals
A living
Inarticulate
Brachiopod,
Lingula
Modern Lingula in their burrows
Articulate Brachiopods
Fossilized spiral brachidium for support
of the lophophore
Mollusca
Mollusca: Class Bivalvia
Mollusca: Class
Bivalvia
Fossil marine bivalve, Kansas
Phylum Mollusca: Class Gastropoda
Phylum Mollusca:
Class Cephalopoda
Nautilus
Nautilus
Eating a
Crab
A Paleozoic Cephaplopod, a goniatitic
ammonoid
A Cretaceous
Cephaplopod,
an ammonitic
ammonoid
Another Cretaceous ammonite
Phylum Arthropoda
An Ordovician Trilobite
A Silurian Trilobite
The Devonian
Trilobite
Phacops rana
The compound
eye of Phacops
A death assemblage of Phacops rana
Eurypterid or
“Sea
Scorpian”,
Silurian of
New York
A Cenozoic crab
Echinodermata
Crinoid Blastoid
A Triassic crinoid
Endoxocrinus at a depth of 692 m, Bahamas
Slab of Mississippian crinoids – note the long
stems for feeding high above the substrate
Cystoid
Edrioasteroid
AsteroidOphiuroid
Starfish feeding on bivalves
Devonian starfish
Echinoids:
sand dollar (left)
sea biscuit (below)
Holothurian: sea cucumber
Marine Evolutionary Faunas
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