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Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action Plans. STDF Workshop on SPS Capacity Evaluation Tools Geneva--March 31, 2008. John E. Lamb, Sr. Agribusiness Specialist, Agriculture and Rural Development Department World Bank, Washington, DC. The context. Changes in effective demand. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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John E. Lamb, Sr. Agribusiness Specialist,John E. Lamb, Sr. Agribusiness Specialist,Agriculture and Rural Development DepartmentAgriculture and Rural Development Department
World Bank, Washington, DCWorld Bank, Washington, DC
Food Safety and Agricultural Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action PlansHealth Action Plans
STDF Workshop on SPS Capacity Evaluation Tools STDF Workshop on SPS Capacity Evaluation Tools Geneva--March 31, 2008Geneva--March 31, 2008
22
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Changes in effective demand
33
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response”Rise of “efficient consumer response”
44
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distributionShifting channels of distribution
55
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distribution Industry consolidation Industry consolidation
66
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distribution Industry consolidation Globalization of sourcing and marketing Globalization of sourcing and marketing
77
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distribution Industry consolidation Globalization of sourcing and marketing Competition between value/supply chainsCompetition between value/supply chains
88
The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distribution Industry consolidation Globalization of sourcing and marketing Competition between value/supply chains Changes in procurement systems Changes in procurement systems
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The contextThe context
Changes in effective demand Rise of “efficient consumer response” Shifting channels of distribution Industry consolidation Globalization of sourcing and marketing Competition between value/supply chains Changes in procurement systems Reversal of decline in real food pricesReversal of decline in real food prices
1010
Why should the World Bank and Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards?other donors worry about standards? Protection of the food supply, plant and Protection of the food supply, plant and
animal health, and environmentanimal health, and environment
1111
Why should the World Bank and Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards?other donors worry about standards? Protection of the food supply, plant and
animal health, and environment Regulation of internal commerceRegulation of internal commerce
1212
Why should the World Bank and Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards?other donors worry about standards? Protection of the food supply, plant and
animal health, and environment Regulation of internal commerce Facilitation of orderly, arms-length tradeFacilitation of orderly, arms-length trade
1313
Why should the World Bank and Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards?other donors worry about standards? Protection of the food supply, plant and
animal health, and environment Regulation of internal commerce Facilitation of orderly, arms-length trade Contribution to economic growthContribution to economic growth
1414
Why should the World Bank and Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards?other donors worry about standards? Protection of the food supply, plant and
animal health, and environment Regulation of internal commerce Facilitation of orderly, arms-length trade Contribution to economic growth Danger of crowding out, especially small Danger of crowding out, especially small
producers and SMEs, but sometimes entire producers and SMEs, but sometimes entire industriesindustries
1515
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the They determine the official rules of the gamegame
1616
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game
They give primacy to good scienceThey give primacy to good science
1717
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game
They give primacy to good science They strive to ensure transparencyThey strive to ensure transparency
1818
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game
They give primacy to good science They strive to ensure transparency They control entry to foreign marketsThey control entry to foreign markets
1919
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game
They give primacy to good science They strive to ensure transparency They control entry to foreign markets They serve to limit the spread of pests, They serve to limit the spread of pests,
disease, invasive species disease, invasive species
2020
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game They give primacy to good science They strive to ensure transparency They control entry to foreign markets They serve to limit the spread of pests, disease,
invasive species They protect consumers, agriculture and the They protect consumers, agriculture and the
environmentenvironment
2121
What functions do public standards What functions do public standards play in this scenario? play in this scenario?
They determine the official rules of the game They give primacy to good science They strive to ensure transparency They control entry to foreign markets They serve to limit the spread of pests, disease,
invasive species They protect consumers, agriculture and the
environment They are designed mainly to mitigate health risk, They are designed mainly to mitigate health risk,
but also serve to limit risks to the economybut also serve to limit risks to the economy
2222
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the They determine the commercial rules of the gamegame
2323
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the game
They convey information on the They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)those who serve)
2424
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the game
They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)
They do recognize good science, but give They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and businessprimacy to the consumer and business
2525
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the game They convey information on the requirements and
expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)
They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business
They control access to domestic and foreign They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparentlyalways transparently
2626
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the game They convey information on the requirements and
expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)
They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business
They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparently
They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits to supply/value chain participants, while reducing to supply/value chain participants, while reducing commercial, reputational and legal risk commercial, reputational and legal risk
2727
What functions do private What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? standards (i.e. requirements) play?
They determine the commercial rules of the gameThey determine the commercial rules of the game They convey information on the requirements and They convey information on the requirements and
expectations of particular end-markets (consumer expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)segments and those who serve)
They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and businessconsumer and business
They control access to domestic and foreign channels of They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparentlydistribution and end-markets, not always transparently
They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits to They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits to supply/value chain participants, while reducing supply/value chain participants, while reducing commercial, reputational and legal risk commercial, reputational and legal risk
Yet they do serve public purposes by helping to mitigate Yet they do serve public purposes by helping to mitigate the spread of pests and diseasesthe spread of pests and diseases
2828
Food safety and Agricultural Health Standards
Technical and Commercial Requirements
(identity, quality, condition, presentation, etc)
Environ. Standards
Social Standards
Supply Chain Management
A hierarchy of standards has emergedA hierarchy of standards has emerged
Service
2929
What has the World Bank What has the World Bank been doing in this area? been doing in this area?
Serious WB engagement began about 5 years Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank OperationsStandards in Bank Operations
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/0,,contentMDK:20629901~menuPK:222955~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:239071,00.html
3030
What has the World Bank What has the World Bank been doing in this area? been doing in this area?
Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations
This arose within the trade department (PREM), This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-buildingwhich was charged with trade capacity-building
3131
What has the World Bank What has the World Bank been doing in this area? been doing in this area?
Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations
This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-building
More recently the initiative has been mostly taken More recently the initiative has been mostly taken over by the agriculture and rural development over by the agriculture and rural development department (ARD) and the Regionsdepartment (ARD) and the Regions
3232
What has the World Bank What has the World Bank been doing in this area? been doing in this area?
Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations
This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-building
More recently the initiative has been mostly taken over by the agriculture and rural development department (ARD) and the Regions
IBRD/IDA provides about $170 million in annual loan and IBRD/IDA provides about $170 million in annual loan and grant funding for agri-food standards grant funding for agri-food standards
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/0,,contentMDK:20629901~menuPK:222955~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:239071,00.html
3333
IFC is also involved IFC is also involved
IFC is also involved in IFC is also involved in environmental, health, safety, environmental, health, safety, and social standards and social standards
IFC activities cut across IFC activities cut across sectors, but include sectors, but include agribusinessagribusiness
Closely tied to what private Closely tied to what private sector calls CSR, or the “triple sector calls CSR, or the “triple bottom line” of financial, social bottom line” of financial, social and environmental and environmental sustainabilitysustainability
http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvSocStandards
3434
Bank involvement in mainstreaming Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various formsstandards takes various forms
Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDFe.g. STDF
3535
Bank involvement in mainstreaming Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various formsstandards takes various forms
Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF
Economic and Sector Work (ESW),Economic and Sector Work (ESW), e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries”Developing Countries”
3636
Bank involvement in mainstreaming Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various formsstandards takes various forms
Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF
Economic and Sector Work (ESW), e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries”
Knowledge Products (KP),Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08)Improvement” (late FY08)
3737
Bank involvement in mainstreaming Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various formsstandards takes various forms
Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF
Economic and Sector Work (ESW), e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries”
Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08)
Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA),Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA),e.g. technical assistance to Malaysia’s MAFC and EPUe.g. technical assistance to Malaysia’s MAFC and EPU
3838
Bank involvement in mainstreaming Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various formsstandards takes various forms
Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF
Economic and Sector Work (ESW), e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries”
Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08)
Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA),e.g. technical assistance to Malaysia’s MAFC and EPU
Support for Public Private Partnerships (PPP),Support for Public Private Partnerships (PPP), e.g. e.g. “Trade Standards Practitioners Network”“Trade Standards Practitioners Network”
3939
Considerable research has been Considerable research has been supported as wellsupported as well
Studies on specific challengesStudies on specific challenges relating to standards relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particularin general and food/agricultural health in particular
4040
Considerable research has been Considerable research has been supported as wellsupported as well
Studies on specific challengesStudies on specific challenges relating to standards relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particularin general and food/agricultural health in particular Cost of complianceCost of compliance
4141
Considerable research has been Considerable research has been supported as wellsupported as well
Studies on specific challengesStudies on specific challenges relating to standards relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particularin general and food/agricultural health in particular Cost of compliance Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder
participation in profitable value/supply chainsparticipation in profitable value/supply chains
4242
Considerable research has been Considerable research has been supported as wellsupported as well
Studies on specific challengesStudies on specific challenges relating to standards relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particularin general and food/agricultural health in particular Cost of compliance Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder
participation in profitable value/supply chains Best practices in assessing investment needs in national Best practices in assessing investment needs in national
agri-food laboratory systems for food safety and for agri-food laboratory systems for food safety and for plant/animal healthplant/animal health
4343
Considerable research has been Considerable research has been supported as wellsupported as well
Studies on specific challengesStudies on specific challenges relating to standards relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particularin general and food/agricultural health in particular Cost of compliance Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder
participation in profitable value/supply chains Best practices in assessing investment needs in national
agri-food laboratory systems for food safety and for plant/animal health
Comparison of responses from different source countries Comparison of responses from different source countries to changes in EU aflatoxin tolerancesto changes in EU aflatoxin tolerances
4444
Other types of researchOther types of research
Value-chain studiesValue-chain studies: groundnuts from Senegal; : groundnuts from Senegal; shrimp from Nicaragua; Nile perch from Kenya; shrimp from Nicaragua; Nile perch from Kenya; shrimp, asparagus and edamame from Thailandshrimp, asparagus and edamame from Thailand
4545
Other types of researchOther types of research
Value-chain studies: groundnuts from Senegal; shrimp from Nicaragua; Nile perch from Kenya; shrimp, asparagus and edamame from Thailand
Subsector studiesSubsector studies: fresh vegetables from Kenya;: fresh vegetables from Kenya;fisheries from Senegal; ethnic foods from Jamaica; fisheries from Senegal; ethnic foods from Jamaica; horticultural products from Indiahorticultural products from India
4646
What about SPS Action Planning?What about SPS Action Planning?
Country-level SPS assessmentsCountry-level SPS assessments: : 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan)5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States)1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States)
4747
What about SPS Action Planning?What about SPS Action Planning?
Country-level SPS assessments: 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States)
Five SPS Country Action Plans to dateFive SPS Country Action Plans to date VietnamVietnam LaosLaos ArmeniaArmenia MoldovaMoldova TanzaniaTanzania
4848
What about SPS Action Planning?What about SPS Action Planning?
Country-level SPS assessments: 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States)
Five SPS Country Action Plans to date Vietnam Laos Armenia Moldova Tanzania
One Regional SPS Action PlanOne Regional SPS Action Plan CIS countriesCIS countries
4949
Typical content Typical content of an SPS of an SPS
Action PlanAction Plan
5050
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1.1. No one size fits allNo one size fits all
5151
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all
2.2. Each country has a unique SPS risk Each country has a unique SPS risk profileprofile
5252
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1.1. No one size fits allNo one size fits all
2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile
3.3. Countries also have different risk Countries also have different risk preferencespreferences
5353
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all
2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile
3. Countries also have different risk preferences
4.4. The history of the SPS infrastructure The history of the SPS infrastructure mattersmatters
5454
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all
2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile
3. Countries also have different risk preferences
4. The history of the SPS infrastructure matters
5.5. Resource endowments and political leverage Resource endowments and political leverage among and within Ministries vary greatly among and within Ministries vary greatly
5555
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all
2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile
3. Countries also have different risk preferences
4. The history of the SPS infrastructure matters
5. Resource endowments and political leverage among and within Ministries vary greatly
6.6. Donor preferences—even fads—can distortDonor preferences—even fads—can distort
5656
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all
2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile
3. Countries also have different risk preferences
4. The history of the SPS infrastructure matters
5. Resource endowments and political leverage among and within Ministries vary greatly
6. Donor preferences—even fads—can distort
7.7. Buy-in for the analytics, the recommendations, Buy-in for the analytics, the recommendations, and follow-through is very importantand follow-through is very important
5757
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
1. No one size fits all2. Each country has a unique SPS risk profile3. Countries also have different risk preferences4. The history of the SPS infrastructure matters5. Resource endowments and political leverage
among and within Ministries vary greatly 6. Donor preferences—even fads—can distort7. Buy-in for the analytics, the recommendations,
and follow-through is very important8.8. Market-orientation, business-like operations, Market-orientation, business-like operations,
and a plan for sustainability are all critical tooand a plan for sustainability are all critical too
5858
Questions requiring further work Questions requiring further work
How to strike the proper balance between How to strike the proper balance between global, regional and domestic global, regional and domestic challengeschallenges and and opportunitiesopportunities??
5959
Questions requiring further work Questions requiring further work
How to strike the proper balance between global, regional and domestic challenges and opportunities?
How to use risk assessment in a How to use risk assessment in a methodical way to make SPS decisions, methodical way to make SPS decisions, not just for agri-food trade, but also for not just for agri-food trade, but also for domestic food safety, agricultural health domestic food safety, agricultural health and environmental protection?and environmental protection?
6060
Questions requiring further work Questions requiring further work
How to strike the proper balance between global, regional and domestic challenges and opportunities?
How to use risk assessment in a methodical way to make SPS decisions, not just for agri-food trade, but also for domestic food safety, agricultural health and environmental protection?
How to define, disseminate and encourage How to define, disseminate and encourage application of best practices in cost/benefit, cost application of best practices in cost/benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis for and effectiveness and cost utility analysis for and across developing countries?across developing countries?
6161
Questions requiring further work Questions requiring further work
How to strike the proper balance between global, regional and domestic challenges and opportunities?
How to use risk assessment in a methodical way to make SPS decisions, not just for agri-food trade, but also for domestic food safety, agricultural health and environmental protection?
How to define, disseminate and encourage application of best practices in cost/benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis for and across developing countries?
How to balance the desire for better technical analysis How to balance the desire for better technical analysis with the twin realities of limited resources and strong with the twin realities of limited resources and strong pressure groups that might distort decisions?pressure groups that might distort decisions?
6262
Questions requiring further work Questions requiring further work
How to strike the proper balance between global, regional and domestic challenges and opportunities?
How to use risk assessment in a methodical way to make SPS decisions, not just for agri-food trade, but also for domestic food safety, agricultural health and envrionmental protection?
How to define, disseminate and encourage application of best practices in cost/benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis for and across developing countries?
How to balance the desire for better technical analysis with the twin realities of limited resources and strong pressure groups that might distort decisions?
How to improve the policy dialogue and rule-making How to improve the policy dialogue and rule-making process in client countries? process in client countries?
6363
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soonNot going away soon
6464
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soon Discussions around agri-food standards Discussions around agri-food standards
currently center on Aid for Trade, currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory Management, Doing Business Regulatory Management, Doing Business in Agriculturein Agriculture
6565
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soon Discussions around agri-food standards
currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory Management, Doing Business in Agriculture
Perceived need to maintain a balance Perceived need to maintain a balance between public and private, improve between public and private, improve understanding of respective roles, improve understanding of respective roles, improve coordinationcoordination
6666
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soonNot going away soon Discussions around agri-food standards Discussions around agri-food standards
currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory Management, Doing Business in AgricultureManagement, Doing Business in Agriculture
Perceived need to maintain a balance between Perceived need to maintain a balance between public and private, improve understanding of public and private, improve understanding of respective roles, improve coordinationrespective roles, improve coordination
Desire to increase attention to domestic quality, Desire to increase attention to domestic quality, food safety, agricultural health, and food safety, agricultural health, and environmental protectionenvironmental protection
6767
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soonNot going away soon Discussions around agri-food standards Discussions around agri-food standards
currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory currently center on Aid for Trade, Regulatory Management, Doing Business in AgricultureManagement, Doing Business in Agriculture
Perceived need to maintain a balance between Perceived need to maintain a balance between public and private, improve understanding of public and private, improve understanding of respective roles, improve coordinationrespective roles, improve coordination
Desire to increase attention to domestic quality, Desire to increase attention to domestic quality, food safety, agricultural health, and food safety, agricultural health, and environmental protectionenvironmental protection
Felt need to improve methods of dealing with Felt need to improve methods of dealing with multiple risks, identifying tradeoffs, and multiple risks, identifying tradeoffs, and improving regulatory mgt.improving regulatory mgt.
6868
Where is this going within the Bank? Where is this going within the Bank?
Not going away soon Discussions around agri-food standards currently center
on Aid for Trade, Regulatory Management, Doing Business in Agriculture
Perceived need to maintain a balance between public and private, improve understanding of respective roles, improve coordination
Desire to increase attention to domestic quality, food safety, agricultural health, and environmental protection
Felt need to improve methods of dealing with multiple risks, identifying tradeoffs, and improving regulatory mgt.
Next major ESW likely to be “Guide for Investment Next major ESW likely to be “Guide for Investment Analysis, Planning and Implementation in National Agri-Analysis, Planning and Implementation in National Agri-food Analytical and Control Infrastructure” (FY09) food Analytical and Control Infrastructure” (FY09)
6969
Summing up our future directionsSumming up our future directions
1)1) Risk analysisRisk analysis
7070
Summing up our future directionsSumming up our future directions
1) Risk analysis
2)2) Regulatory Regulatory management (RIA, management (RIA, stakeholder stakeholder consultation, rule-consultation, rule-making)making)
7171
Summing up our future directionsSumming up our future directions
1) Risk analysis
2) Regulatory management (RIA, stakeholder consultation, rule-making)
3)3) Improving food and Improving food and agricultural health agricultural health policies, regulations policies, regulations and their application and their application in domestic marketsin domestic markets
7272
Summing up our future directionsSumming up our future directions1) Risk analysis
2) Regulatory management (RIA, stakeholder consultation, rule-making)
3) Improving food and agricultural health policies, regulations and their application in domestic markets
4)4) Private sector Private sector involvementinvolvement
7373
Summing up our future directionsSumming up our future directions1)1) Risk analysisRisk analysis
2)2) Regulatory Regulatory management (RIA, management (RIA, stakeholder stakeholder consultation, rule-consultation, rule-making)making)
3)3) Improving food and Improving food and agricultural health agricultural health policies, regulations policies, regulations and their application and their application in domestic marketsin domestic markets
4)4) Private sector Private sector involvementinvolvement
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