Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Fluid, Electrolyte and

Acid-Base Homeostasis

Chapter 27

Fluid Compartments

Water Gain and Loss

Dehydration and Thirst

Na+ and Cl- Reabsorption

Body Water Balance

Water Intoxication

Electrolytes in Body Fluids

osmolarity -the total concentration of all solute particles in a solution

osmolality - the number of solute particles dissolved in one liter of water and is reflected in the solution’s ability to cause osmosis

Electrolyte concentrations of body fluids are usually expressed in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) = number of electrical charges in 1 liter of solution

Electrolyte and Protein Concentration

Blood Electrolyte

Imbalances

Regulation of pH

Regulation of pH

Secretion of H+

Acid-Base Imbalances

• Acidosis---blood pH below 7.35

• Alkalosis---blood pH above 7.45

• Compensation is an attempt to correct the problem– respiratory compensation– renal compensation

• Acidosis causes depression of CNS---coma

• Alkalosis causes excitability of nervous tissue---spasms, convulsions & death

Abnormalities of Acid-Base Balance