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FLUENT TRANSLATION:
Remi Briand, Jennifer Gleisberg & Mark Thomas
Correlating Fluoropolymer Lab Data with Real World Exposure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Learn how to correlate laboratory test data with real world
exposure of fluoropolymer coatings
• Interpret, understand, and compare product performance data
• Review 15-20-year-old case studies demonstrating the color
and gloss performance
• Examine other attributes of FEVE Fluoropolymers
SELECTING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY:
THINK ABOUT PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
TOPCOAT PROTECTION
Performance and life expectation can vary significantly based on topcoat selection
• Alkyds
• Acrylics
• Epoxies
• Polyurethanes/Polyurethane Hybrids
• Polysiloxanes
• Fluoropolymers
AESTHETIC SERVICE LIFECOLOR AND GLOSS
25 Year Life-Cycle of 30,000 ft2
Polymer Type Aesthetic Service Life
(Color/Gloss)
# of
Applications
Cost Per
Application*Final Cost
Alkyd 3–5 Years 5 $ 28,019.00 $ 141,450.00
Acrylic 4–6 Years 4 $ 34,710.00 $ 138,840.00
Polyurethane 7–10 Years 3 $ 40,569.00 $ 121,707.00
Polysiloxane 10–15 Years 2 $ 58,929.00 $ 117,858.00
Fluoropolymer 20–25 Years 1 $ 82,779.00 $ 82,779.00
*Cost figures listed are for topcoat material and application only based on estimated current costs. (Source: Helsel, Jayson L. and Lanterman, Robert. NACE
Paper No. 7422. NACE International, 2016.)
SYSTEM LIFE-CYCLE COST
COLOR
A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON A COMPLICATED SUBJECT
COLOR COMMUNICATION:
• Describing color is based on Appearance & Perception
• Appearance includes:
‒ Color
‒ Gloss
‒ Opacity
‒ Surface texture
‒ Shape of object
‒ Metallic
‒ Angle of illumination
COLOR SPACE
• Color Space came from the need to communicate color
• The Munsell system is one of the earliest accepted color systems – 1905
• Concepts & nomenclature are still being used today
‒ Value
‒ Hue
‒ Saturation
‒ CIELAB, FMCll, CMC, Hunter
DESCRIBING COLOR
DESCRIBING COLOR
DESCRIBING COLOR
COLOR SPACES
• CMC‒ Good correlation with human eyes
• CIELab‒ Good correlation dark to light, not so much for
saturation
• FMC2
‒ Traditional color space, older but still encountered
• Hunter
APPEARANCE
• Same color, different gloss finishes
PERFORMANCE TESTING
MOST COMMON TESTS FOR COLOR & GLOSS OF TOPCOATS
PERFORMANCE TESTS
• By incorporating performance standards into a specification, the owner is assured suitable, high-quality products
− Real World Exposures
− EMMAQUA: ASTM D 4141
− QUV: ASTM G 53 or ASTM D 4587
EXTERIOR WEATHERING TESTING
• Florida Exposure
− Various angles to the sun
− Extreme sun exposure
− Salt air and spray
• Arizona Exposure
− Intense Heat
− Various exposure angles
− Minimum cloud cover to maximize radiation exposure
− Dry harsh conditions
• Reported in months or years of exposure
‒ AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturing Association) 2604 & 2605
AAMA WEATHERING STANDARDS Aluminum Extrusions and Panels
AAMA 2604 AAMA 2605
Outdoor Weathering
Exposure Time
5 years,
South Florida
10 years,
South Florida
Color Retention
(After Weathering)
5 years fade:
delta E <=5
10 years fade:
delta E <= 5
Gloss Retention
(After Weathering)
5 years,
>= 30% retention
10 years,
>= 50% retention
REAL WORLD LIMITATIONS
• High-performance coating systems could take 20 years before coating degradation
• Coating technology is dynamic and initial performance results are required quickly
EMMAQUA — ASTM D 4141
• Standard Practice for Conducting Black and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
− Concentrated sunlight
− Extremely harsh to coatings
− Degrades film quickly (chalking)
− Measured in Megajoules
▪ Reported as MJ/m2
QUV — ASTM D 4587
• Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint & Related Products
− Common Standardized Test in Paint Industry
− Provides good “apples-to-apples” comparison between products
− Reported as number of exposure hours
ASTM D 4587 (QUV)Ultraviolet Light (UV) on Color & Gloss (10,000 Hours)
ACRYLIC
POLYURETHANE
FEVE
FLUOROPOLYMER
PERFORMANCE DATA
COMPARING LABORATORY RESULTS TO REAL WORLD
GLOSS RETENTIONKANSAS CITY vs. FLORIDA EXPOSURE
PREDICTION OF GLOSS RETENTIONUSING ACCELERATED TESTING - POLYURETHANES
GLOSS RETENTIONFLUOROPOLYMER vs. POLYURETHANE vs. POLYSILOXANE
GLOSS RETENTIONFLUOROPOLYMER TOPCOAT COMPARISON
PREDICTION OF GLOSS RETENTIONUSING ACCELERATED TESTING - FLUOROPOLYMERS
GLOSS PERFORMANCE AND FORMULATION
FORMULATION & PERFORMANCE
• There is more to the performance of an FEVE/PVDF Fluoropolymer than just the amount of fluorine content in the dry film.
• The combination of formulation and proper ingredients dictates the overall performance of the coating.
SSPC Technology Update No. 12
Ambient-Curing Fluoropolymer Finish Coats
Applied to Metal Substrates
FLUOROPOLYMER PERFORMANCESOUTH FLORIDA EXPOSURE
Fluoropolymer: 9 Years Polysiloxane: 10 Years
PUBLISHED PERFORMANCE DATA
• TEST: ASTM D 4587 (UVA-340 bulbs, Cycle 4: 8 hours UV/4 hour condensation).
• SYSTEM: Fluoropolymer applied to SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaned aluminum panels and cured 30 days at 75°F (24°C).
• RESULT: No blistering, cracking or chalking. No less than 95% gloss retention (3.8 units gloss change) and 2.74 DE FMC2 color change (blue) after 10,000 hours exposure.
• TEST: ASTM D 4141, Method C (EMMAQUA).
• SYSTEM: Fluoropolymer applied to SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaned aluminum panels and cured 30 days at 75°F (24°C).
• RESULT: No blistering, cracking or chalking. No less than 87% gloss retention, no more than 10 units gloss loss and no more than 0.47 DE Hunter color change (blue) after 3,500 MJ/m² (128,951 MJ/m² total) EMMAQUA exposure.
PERFORMANCE IN THE SPECIFICATION
• Include performance attributes in Part 2 Products section of a specification
• Performance testing should be referenced by:
─ Test Method
─ System tested
─ Requirement
Actual Specification Verbiage
COLOR APPROVAL & AVAILABILITY
• Fluoropolymer coatings are a premium product that are made with UV stable raw materials.
• Typically made with color bases, not tintable bases.
• Can take some time to get drawdowns for approval and also manufacture material.
Actual Specification Verbiage
OTHER ATTRIBUTES:
RESISTANCE TO GRAFFITI
Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer
Spray Paint
Lipstick
PermanentMarker
GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –AFTER FOULING
Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer
Spray Paint
Lipstick
PermanentMarker
GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –INITIAL CLEANING
Waterborne Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane FEVE Fluoropolymer
Spray Paint
Lipstick
PermanentMarker
GRAFFITI RESISTANCE TESTING –THOROUGH CLEANING
TypeWaterborne
AcrylicAcrylic
PolyurethaneFEVE
Fluoropolymer
Spray Paint Heavy Shadow Removal Removal
Lipstick Heavy Shadow Faint Shadow Removal
Permanent Marker Heavy Shadow Faint Shadow Removal
ASTM D 6578 — STANDARD PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF GRAFFITI RESISTANCE
OTHER ATTRIBUTES:
RESISTANCE TO DIRT PICKUP
WATER TANK: WADSWORTH, OH
Polyurethane Topcoat FEVE Fluoropolymer Topcoat
WATER TANK: BRANDON, SD
Polyurethane Topcoat
FEVE Fluoropolymer Topcoat
CLEANABILITY TESTING (MIL-PRF-85285C)
PURPOSE
Determine the cleaning ability of a coating using artificial soil and
cleaned with bristle brush and 1.0% Alconox solution.
SIGNIFICANCE
Quantifiable results reflected to actual field experience. Allows
for product performance comparisons.
CLEANABILITY TESTING: MIL-PRF-85285C
Waterborne
Acrylic
Acrylic
Polyurethane
FEVE
Fluoropolymer
Average Cleaning
Efficiency7.55% 73.35% 97.80%
OTHER ATTRIBUTES:
DEGREE OF CHALKING
• Chalking, n—the formation on a pigmented coating of a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath the surface, commonly caused by weathering, which may give the appearance of color fading.
ASTM D 4214 – EVALUATING THE DEGREE OF CHALKING
• Photographic Chalking Reference Standards
ASTM D 4214 – EVALUATING THE DEGREE OF CHALKING
DEGREE OF CHALKING – 20 YEAR TEST (ASTM D 4214)
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
VOCS & RATING SYSTEM CREDITS RELATED TO FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS
VOC REGULATIONS
Various air districts throughout the
U.S. and Canada have VOC content
regulations, which must be followed
when specifying paints and coatings.
FEVE Fluoropolymers typically fall
into the Industrial Maintenance
Category.
VOC REGULATIONSIM: 340 g/l
IM: 250 g/l
IM: 250 g/l
IM: 450 g/l
IM: 100 g/l
SECTION CREDIT NAME
Sustainable Sites: Heat Island Reduction Roof/Wall
Indoor Air Quality: Low-Emitting Materials Paints & Coatings
CREDITS RELATED TO FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS
Source: U.S. Green Building Council
LEED v4.1
• VOC Content: Must meet VOC limits of CARB 2007 SCM or
SCAQMD Rule 1113.
• Emissions: Must meet CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.2
(January 2017).
FEVE FLUOROPOLYMER – CDPH EMISSIONS TESTING
• Select manufacturers have FEVE Fluoropolymers under 100 g/L in VOC and also have CDPH emissions testing.
Actual Specification
Verbiage
KEY PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIERS
Color & Gloss
Performance
• ASTM D 4587 (QUV)
• ASTM D 4141 (EMMAQUA)
• AAMA 2604 (5-year) & AMMA 2605 (10-year)
Graffiti Resistance • ASTM D 6578
Soiling Resistance
• MIL-PRF-85285C (Dirt pick-up)
• ASTM D 5589 (Algal Resistance)
• ASTM D 3273 (Mold Resistance)
• ASTM D 5590 (Fungal Resistance)
Chalking Resistance • ASTM D 4214 (Degree of Chalking)
Corrosion Resistance of
the Complete System
• ASTM B 117 (Salt Fog)
• ASTM D 5894 (Cyclic Salt Fog/QUV)
CASE STUDIES15-20 YEAR REAL WORLD COLOR & GLOSS PERFORMANCE OF FEVE FLUOROPOLYMERS
2013 2020
FORUM: INGLEWOOD, CA
WATER TANK: GRANBURY, TX
2001 2015
WATER TANK: JOPLIN, MO
2003 2020
PEACHTREE BUILDING: ATLANTA, GA
2003 2020
SHUTTLECOCKS: KANSAS CITY, MO
2002 2019
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION.
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