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7/29/2019 Firstaid Training Medical 2013
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First Aid
TrainingDr. Nyunt Wai,Associate Professor,
School of Medical Sciences, IMUFirst Aid/CPR Coordinator
2013
Briefing on
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Has any one of you had
first aid training?
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If you have a
nosebleed,what will you
do?
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Nosebleed = Epistaxis
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Pressure/elevation
A b
leeding wound
Need to wear gloves?
At least 10 minutes to give time for the blood to clot
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Video 1
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Pressurepoints
Where arteries
can becompressedagainst the bone
to controlbleeding
Anatomy ofthe
cardiovascularsystem
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Choking
Why?
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Choking - Adults
Heimlich maneuver
May also give back blows
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://files.5min.com/Thumbnails/28/1351_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.5min.com/Chadkelly&h=480&w=720&sz=16&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=w1KSLwPyrvn9dM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchoking%2Bfirst%2Baid%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den7/29/2019 Firstaid Training Medical 2013
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Video 2
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Choking- infant
under 1 yr
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If YOU are alone and choking:
Self- Heimlich maneuver
Position your fist slightlyabove your navel andgive yourself quick,inward and upward
thrusts, or lean forward andpress your abdomenquickly over any firm
object, such as the backof a chair or a porchrailing.
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The First Aid Course: Objective:
To provide basicintroduction to first aid Skill-based approach
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Introductory first aid training
ME 113
Refer to yourtimetable for
practical
sessions
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3 training sessions 1 theory, 2 practical
Assessment 30 mins theory, 30 mins practical
Topics covered:
A. Definition of First Aid
B. Aims of First AidC. Principles of First Aid
D. Wounds and Bleeding
E. Fractures
F. Bandages
G. Strains, Sprains and Cramps
H. Dislocation
I. Nose Injury
J. CPR
TRAINING STRUCTURE
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What Is First Aid?
Immediate assistance or treatment
given to someone injured orsuddenly taken ill
before the arrival of ambulance,doctor, or other appropriately
qualified person
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The 3 Ps :
To Preserve life
To Prevent worsening of condition
To Promote recovery
Aims of First Aid
Note: Apply in every situation
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Unconscious?
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Primary Assessment
D
R
A B
C
anger
esponse
irwayreathing
irculation
Detect life threatening problems
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Danger
Assess
What has happened
Danger to you, casualty, bystanders
Number of casualties
How???
Casualties condition
Life threatening
Available resources
Special assistance
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Response
Level of Consciousness
AVPU
Respond to command, touch, pain
Response by eye movement,movement or verbal response
Alert,
Verbal-Speak louder and closer to
casualty Pain-Employ pain stimulus
Unresponsive
B i Lif S t [BLS]
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Basic Life Support [BLS]:maintenance of ABC
Maintain an adequate open Airway Restore Breathing to reverse respiratory
arrest
Electric shock Drowning
Head injuries
Restore Circulation to keep blood
circulating and carrying oxygen to brain
heart,
and the body
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Circulation
Check pulse
Pulse??
No pulse??
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Carotid artery pulse
With 2 fingers, feel for the Adams
appleThen slide the fingers to the side into
the groove between the Adams apple
and the strap muscle
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Feeling our own carotid pulse
Lets do it!
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Feeling our own radial pulse
Lets do it!
Thumbs side,at the wrist
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airway
Head tilt chin lift maneuver
Look for obstruction
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Breathing
Head tilt chin lift maneuver
Check breathing by:
Look chest movement
Listen movement of air
Feel expired air
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Cardipulmonary Rescuscitation
(CPR)
A procedure involving chest compressions andrescue breathingto maintain oxygenation tothe brain in the case of a casualty with cardiacarrest.
Artificiallypump the heart
by chest
compressions
Cardio (=
Heart)
Artificial
breathing by
blowing air into
lungs
Pulmonary(= lung)
30 chest compressions, followed by 2 breaths performeduntil - it is too dangerous, the person recovers, you are too
tired, someone else cantake over, or advanced medical help
has arrived
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Unresponsive,
no breathing
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Videos 3 & 4: CPR
1. What NOT to do2. What to do
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Incised wound Laceration
Abrasion
Contusion (bruise)
Puncture wound
Gunshot wound Amputation
TYPES OF WOUNDS
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Treatment
Washwound with antiseptic lotion or water. Dab dry, apply antiseptic cream and cover with
clean gauze.
control bleeding
Use gauze, roller bandages etc
If dressing gets soiled, DO NOT remove it.
Apply a new dressing over.
For Bruises- Apply cold
compress to minimize
swelling.
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Fractures
Break or crack in bone
Causes:Direct force (at the point of fracture)
Indirect force (elsewhere from fracture point)
Note:
Indirect force can be a twist or wrench
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Closed vs open fracture
Closed = Simple fracture
Skin surrounding the
fracture is unbroken
Bruising and swelling
may occur
Open = Compound
fracture
A wound accompaniesthe fracture.
Overlying skin is broken
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Management - closed fracture
Dont movethe casualty unless in danger
Steady, support and secure the injured part
Immobilise the injured part with bandages and
splints
Send to hospital
DO NOT let the casualty have anything to eat or
drink.
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Management-open fracture)
Cover the wound with a sterile dressing
Control bleeding
Place padding around any protruding bone and
bandage over pads (Same steps with management of closed
fracture from Immobiliseto Send to
hospital)
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Bandages Sterile and absorbent dressings that cover
and protect a wound.
Funtions:
To maintain direct pressure over a
dressing
To retain dressings and splints in position
To prevent or reduce swelling
To provide support for a limb or joint
To restrict movement To assist in lifting and carrying casualty
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Types of dressing:
Adhesive
Sterile
Gauze
Improvised
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The bandage is too tight if
theres
Blue tinge (cyanosis) of the finger or toe
nails
Tingling or loss of sensation of fingers and
toes
Coldness of the fingers and toes
Inability to movethe fingers or toes
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Strains, sprains
Astrain is a forcible over-stretching or tearing of a
muscle or tendon
A sprain is an injury to a
ligament at or near a joint,
which is often caused by a
wrenching movement atthe joint tearing the
surrounding tissues
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Management - strains and sprains
RICE- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Rest- Rest and steady the injured part
Ice- Apply ice or cold packs (not directly, but
wrapped with cloth) Compression- Compress, applying even pressure to
the injured part (can bandage)
Elevation- Elevate the injured part
Request medical assistance if necessary
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Any take home messages?
Cardiac arrest: Better to break a bone than
to let the person die
Improvise!
Apply basic science principles (emergency
medical officer vs a paramedic)
Use common sense (which is not very
common)
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And one more thing..
Thank youfor your
attention!
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