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Fire Hazards : Safety Measures for Prevention in Commercial Spaces
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEECENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
(DM 608)
SUBMITTED BY :Ankita PrasunM.Tech- 1st Year
Man – Made and Biological Hazards
Hazard A situation having potential to harm life, health, property or environment.
What is a Fire Hazard ? Any object, building, plants etc. that could easily catch fire or cause
a fire, thereby endangering life, property, health or environment.
One of the greatest threats to a business.
Can start anywhere
Holds the potential to destroy everything coming in its way.
How does FIRE ignite ?
For Fire, there has to be:
1. Oxygen to sustain combustion2. Heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature3. Fuel or Combustible materials
A combination of all the above creates FIRE
Breaking the above combination prevents FIRE
FUEL TYPE
SOLID LIQUID GASIncreasing Severity
Through combustible materials:• papers, files, etc.• old or waste materials
Unventilated Areas:• UPS or battery rooms• electrical panels or cabinets
Electrical Faults Open flames:
• smoking• pantry• electric device failures
How does FIRE ignite ?
Types of FIRE
1. Multi plugging2. Faulty electrical appliances
UPS Air conditioner Stabilizer Lighting fixtures
3. Overrun of Air-Conditioner PC rooms
4. Improper distribution of electric loads5. Improper Earthing6. Conditions like:
Connected load > Sanctioned load
Electrical Faults
1. Electrical Audit2. AMC of AC and UPS3. Modular Fire Extinguishers in UPS cabin 4. Air conditioners with timer5. Proper Earthing6. Sanction of additional load7. Single main switch for lighting and power8. MCB or ELCB installations9. Installation and maintenance of FIRE Alarm system:
Smoke/ heat detector Fire Alarm panel Hooters
Electrical SafetyMeasures
Branch Inspection Check Points:
• Scale of Fire Extinguishers• Refilling of Fire Extinguishers• Modular Extinguisher in UPS cabin• Fire alarm system• Electrical audit• General wiring• Ventilation and cooling of UPS room
Electrical Safety cont …Measures
Essentials of NBC : Construction
Architectural Safety
Means of Access
Open Space: Street = 12metres (min.) Entrance = 4.5/5 meters (min.)
Fire Lift: Enclosures (2hr ratings) Doors (1.5 hr rating) One per 1200sqm floor area 8 persons/545 kg 1.4sqm lift area Ground to top in 1 minute
Means of Escape
Refugee Area: 15 sqm
Exit Sign and Illumination: 10 Lux
Travel Distance: 30mtr/15mtr
Exit Doorway (width): 1mtr (min.)
Staircase Pressurization
Subdividing business building spaces
Measures
Essentials of NBC : Fire Safety
Architectural SafetyMeasures
Fire Extinguishers Automated Fire Alarms Hydrant System or Hose Heel Hose Box Fire Pump PA System Alternative power source
Lift, stairway, corridors Compartmentation Emergency lighting system Escape Lighting Automatic Sprinkler System
Fire Fighting : New Developments New Indian Specification for portable Fire Extinguishers –
notified by BIS Present ISI numbers of portable extinguishers:
Water Type – IS 940 DCP Type – IS 2171 CO2 Type – IS 2878
IS 15683 is being notified as single IS Code for all types of portable fire extinguishers.
Recommended brands for Fire Extinguishers: Minimax Safex LifeGuard Omex Other certified by BIS
Type Capacity Cost
Water 9.0 ltrs 1500 - 2000
CO2 4.5 kg 4000-5000
DCP 5.0 kg 1500 - 2000
ABC 5.0 kg 2500 - 3500
Modular 5.0 kg 4000 - 5000
Fire Fighting AMC of Fire Fighting Equipment:
Type Maintenance hecking
Water Half-yearly Annually
CO2 Half-yearly Annually
DCP Half-yearly Annually
ABC Half-yearly Biannually
Modular Half-yearly Biannually
Fire Alarm System: Quarterly CheckingModular Type fire Extinguisher (ceiling mounted)
DCP (Dry Chemical Powder) Type fire Extinguisher
THANK YOU !
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