Find the two remaining documents from yesterday’s document ... · Clergy –religious officials...

Primary Source Analysis

▪ Find the two remaining documents from yesterday’s document packet

▪ Let’s look at Francisco Pizarro’s Journal–Turn in to homework box when finished

▪ Tonight’s reading–Pgs 149-151 and pgs 159-161–Reading Quiz Thursday

–Unit exam has been moved to Tuesday, October 3

Pick up your foldable and pictures from the front

Great work on the foldables!

Bellwork

▪ Complete the sheets on Medieval Life and The Crusades

▪ Use pgs 298-302 and pgs 318-321 to complete

–You can use these on today’s quiz

–Review packet Pgs 149-151 and pgs 159-161

–Quiz begins at 8:20

▪ Tonight’s reading packet pgs 162-164

–Reading Quiz Friday

– Unit exam has been moved to Tuesday, October 3

Reading Quiz

▪ You may use your packet, yesterday’s worksheets, any reading notes, and pages 298-302, 318-321 on the quiz

▪ Record your answers for questions 1-27 on the scan sheet

▪ You may write on the quiz

▪ A = True, B = False

▪ Turn in scan sheet only (Block 1 Work Tray) when finished– We will turn in worksheets after everyone is finished

▪ Tonight’s reading packet pgs 162-164

–Reading Quiz Friday

Bellwork

▪ Have a seat – We will begin in a few minutes

▪ Today – Lecture on the Middle Ages

The Middle Ages (Medieval Period)

▪ 500-1450

▪ Period between the fall of Rome and the start of the modern era (Renaissance)

Geography of Western Europe

▪ Early Middle Ages (500-1000)

▪ Undeveloped – Small population

▪ Large forests

▪ Fertile Soil

▪ Outlets to the sea and navigable rivers

9

The Franks

▪ Heavy influence on European development

▪ Strong agricultural base

▪ Firm alliance with western Christian church

Charlemagne (800-814)

▪ Conquers much of the old Roman Empire

Charlemagne (800-814)

▪ Conquers much of the old Roman Empire

▪ Gains support of the Roman Catholic Church

Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire

New Kingdoms Emerge

▪ Muslims begin to gain control of N. Africa and Spain

Invasions

▪ Numerous invasions during the Middle Ages

17

Population Growth of Europe, 200-1000 CE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

200 400 600 800 900 1000

Millions

18

European Population Growth, 800-1300 CE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

800 CE 1000 1100 1200 1300 CE

Millions

Background on Serfdom

▪ Serfdom – Difference between peasants, serfs▪ Peasants were free, owned their

own land▪ Serfs not free, could not own land▪ Serfs, peasants lived similar lives

Economic Change and the Influence of the Church

The Rise of International Trade and the Power of the Church

Improvements in Agriculture (Beginning in the 900s)

▪ Heavier plow developed

– Impact?

Improvements in Agriculture

▪ Horses used for work instead of Oxen

Revival of Trade

▪ Post-Roman decline in trade (except Italy)

▪ Development of Commercial Capitalism

Trade Increases

The Medieval Church

Post-Classical Western EuropeInfluence of the Church

▪ Every aspect of life was dominated by the Church

▪ Rulers were crowned by the “Grace of God”

▪ Political rule viewed as divinely sanctioned (God’s Approval)

▪ All Christians were expected to tithe (a tax) to the church

▪ Education, art dictated by Church ideals

▪ Calendar organized by faith holidays

▪ Fair prices, economic practices dictated by church

The Power of the Church

►Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages

The Power of the Church

►Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages

►Papal Supremacy – belief that the Pope held authority over all rulers.

Structure of the Church

►Clergy – religious officials

Structure of the Church

►Clergy – religious officials

►Pope is at the top – priests are the lowest rank

Structure of the Church

►Clergy – religious officials

►Pope is at the top – priests are the lowest rank

►Priests were the main contact with the church and the people

Influence of the Church

►One of the few unifying factors in medieval Europe

►Served as a religious, social, and educational center

Power of the Church

►Gave people hope for something better

Power of the Church

►Gave people hope for something better

►Sacraments – religious ceremonies

Power of the Church

►Gave people hope for something better

►Sacraments – religious ceremonies

►Provides a common set of beliefs and rituals across Europe

Power of the Church

►Excommunication – banishment from the church

►The person could be refused sacraments (no salvation)

►Interdict – sacraments could not be performed on the king’s land.

The Crusades

The Crusades (1096-1204)

▪ 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims

The Crusades (1096-1204)

▪ 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims

▪ 1095 – Pope Urban II calls on Europeans to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims

The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)

▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)

The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)

▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)

▪ Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity

The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)

▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)

▪ Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity

▪ Merchants profited

The First & SecondCrusades

▪ Poorly organized

The First & SecondCrusades

▪ Poorly organized

▪ Attacks on non-Christian Europeans

▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land

The First & SecondCrusades

▪ Poorly organized

▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land

▪ Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders

The First & SecondCrusades

▪ Poorly organized

▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land

▪ Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders

▪ Muslim leader Saladinretakes the land less than 100 years later

4th Crusade (Early 1200s)The Looting of Constantinople

▪ Did not make it to the Holy Land

▪ Attacked Constantinople (a Christian city)

Effects of the Crusades

▪ Economic Expansion

– Increased trade, new trade routes, new products

Consequences

▪ Power of Monarchs and Pope grows

▪ A greater understanding of the world

▪ Religious tensions – negative view of non-Christians among Europeans

Crisis of the Middle Ages

Heresy, War, Disease

Religious Conflict

►Weakening Church

– Papal Dispute – More than one person claims to be Pope

►Heresy

– Beliefs opposed to official church teachings

►Inquisition

– Trials of suspected heretics

– Imprisonment, Torture, Death

Crisis of the Middle Ages: The Plague

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

►Carried by rats and infected fleas

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

►Carried by rats and infected fleas

►People begin moving to the country

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

►Carried by rats and infected fleas

►People begin moving to the country

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

►Carried by rats and infected fleas

►People begin moving to the country

The Plague

►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague

►Carried by rats and infected fleas

►People begin moving to the country

►Increased anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish)

Dance of Death (1463)

Economic Impact

►Epidemic – An outbreak of disease

►Fewer workers = Higher wages

►Peasants move to cities, look for work

►Revolts across Europe

The Church

►Church power is weakened

►Persecution increases

Impact of the Plague

1. Decline in feudalism

2. Increase in manufacturing and technology

3. Towns and cities grow