Final Exam Review Guide - beelsscience.weebly.com

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CumulativeFinalExamReviewGuideUnitOne:NatureofScience

1. Onaseparatesheetofpaperwritedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Biologyb. ControlGroupc. Hypothesis

d. IndependentVariablee. DependentVariablef. Constants

2. Howdoyouwriteaproperhypothesis?Provideanexample.

3. Listthesixstepsofthescientificmethodinordera. b. c. d. e. f.

4. Readandanalyzethefollowingexperiment

Dr.BunsenHoneydewandhisassistantBeakerhavebeenworkingonacureforFozzie’sbadjokes.AftertryingtoteachFozzienewjokes,theygaveupanddecidedtheyhadtoapproachtheproblemfromadifferentpointofview,thatoftheaudience.Theyhavecreatedaformulathatlookslikewater,tasteslikewater,andisodorlesslikewater.BeforeFozzie’sshow,BunsenandBeakersplittheaudienceinhalf.Theleftsideoftheaudience(groupA)wasgivenabottleofwaterandaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)wasgivenabottleoftheformulaandwasalsoaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Afterthefirstfewjokes,Fozziewashitbyseventomatoes,heckledbyWaldorfandStatler(asusual)andbooed;allbytheleftsideoftheaudience(groupA).Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)didn’tnoticethebooingortomatoesbecausetheyweretoobusylaughingatFozzie’sjokes.Identifythefollowing:ControlGroup:ExperimentalGroup:IndependentVariable:DependentVariable:Constants:

UnitTwo:Biochemistry

1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. OrganicCompoundb. Photosynthesisc. CellularRespirationd. AerobicRespiration

e. AnaerobicRespiration/fermentationf. Macromoleculeg. Monomer

2. Identifythefourtypesoforganiccompoundsandanswerthequestionsabouteach.

a. ___________________________________________________

i. Whatarethemonomers?

ii. Whatisthepolymer?

iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?

iv. Whataretheyusedfor?

v. Provideatleastoneexample

b. ___________________________________________________

i. Whatarethemonomers?

ii. Whatisthepolymer?

iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?

iv. Whataretheyusedfor?

v. Provideatleastoneexample

c. ___________________________________________________

i. Whatarethemonomers?

ii. Whatisthepolymer?

iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?

iv. Whataretheyusedfor?

v. Provideatleastoneexample

d. ___________________________________________________

i. Whatarethemonomers?

ii. Whatisthepolymer?

iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?

iv. Whataretheyusedfor?

v. Provideatleastoneexample

3. Whyiswatersoimportanttolivingthings?Provideandexplain7reasons.a. b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

4. WhyisATPsoimportanttocells?

5. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaerobicrespirationandanaerobicrespiration/fermentation?WhichmakesmoremoleculesofATP?

6. Writeouttheequationforphotosynthesis

a. Whatarethereactants?

b. Whataretheproducts?

c. Whatelsemustbepresentforphotosynthesistooccur?

7. Writeouttheequationforcellularrespiration

a. Whatarethereactants?

b. Whataretheproducts?

c. Whatelsemustbepresentforcellularrespirationtooccur?

UnitThree:Cells

1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Diffusionb. PassiveTransportc. Hypertonicd. Hypotonic

e. Osmosisf. ActiveTransportg. Isotonich. Cells

2. Explainthefunctionoftheorganelleslistedandthenidentifytheorganelleslistedonthediagramsonthefollowingpage.

Organelle Function

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

NuclearEnvelope

CellMembrane

GolgiApparatus

SmoothER

RoughER

Ribosomes

Vesicles

CentralVacuole

CellWall

Chloroplast

3. Labelthefollowingdiagrams

4. Ofthetwodiagrams,whichisananimalcellandwhichisaplantcell?Howdoyouknow?

5. Thefollowingtablegivesyouinformationrelatingtodifferenttypesofsolutions:hypertonic,isotonic,andhypotonic.Fillinthemissinginformationtoidentifythesolutionandwhathappenstocellsineachsolution.

Ifthefluidoutsidethecellhas…

Theoutsidefluidis…(hypertonic,isotonic,

hypotonic)Waterdiffuses…

Effectoncell(shrivels,staysthesame,bursts)

Lowerfreewatermoleculeconcentration

thansalt

Outofthecell.

Highfreewatermoleculeconcentration

thansalt

Intothecell

Samefreewatermoleculeconcentration

assalt

Intoandoutofthecellatequalrates

6. Identifythedescriptionsbelowaseitheranexampleofdiffusion(d)orosmosis(o)

a. _____________Twodropsofbluefoodcoloringandtwodropsofyellowfoodcoloringareaddedtoaglassofwater,laterallofthewaterisgreen.

b. _____________Theiodineandstarchlabthatwedidinclass.

c. _____________Alumpofsugarisaddedtoabeakerofwater,eventuallythesugariscompletelydissolvedinthewater.

d. _____________Inanisotonicsolution,watermoleculesmoveintoandoutofthecellsatthesamerate.

e. ______________Isprayperfumeinthefrontrightcorneroftheroomanditcaneventuallybesmelledinthe

backleftcorneroftheroom.

7. Compareandcontrastpassiveandactivetransport.Besuretogiveexamplesofeach.

8. Bacteriacomeinthreebasicshapes.Givethecommonandscientificnameofeach.a.

b.

c.

UnitFour:CellDivision

1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Chromosomeb. Diploidc. Haploidd. Trisomye. Karyotypef. Mitosisg. Meiosis

h. Canceri. Crossing-Overj. Autosomek. HomologousChromosomel. Sex-Chromosomem. Chromatidn. Centromere

2. AlloftheDNAinacellismuchlargerthanthecellitself.HowdoestheDNAbecomemorecompacttofitinside

thenucleus?

3. Whatcombinationofsexchromosomesproducemalesandfemalesinhumans?

4. Ifaspermcellcontains10chromosomes,howmanychromosomeswillbeintheorganism’sbodycells?

5. Listthreecharacteristicsofcancercells?

a.

b.

c.

6. Usethediagramtoanswerthefollowingquestionsa. Whatdoesthediagramrepresent?

b. WhathappensintheG1,S,andG2stage?

c. Whatphasedocellsspendthemosttimein?

d. Whatphasedocellsspendtheleasttimein?

e. Mitosisisalsoknownasthedivisionofwhat?

f. Whichtwophasesmakeupcelldivision?

7. Compareandcontrastmitosisandmeiosis.Bespecific.

8. Drawthefourstagesofmitosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage.

Mitosis

Stages

Drawing

Description

9. Drawtheeightstagesofmeiosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage

Meiosis

Stages

Drawing

Description

UnitFive:Genetics1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writethedefinitionsforthefollowingterms.

a. Allele

b. Homozygous

c. Heterozygous

d. Genotype

e. Phenotype

f. CompleteDominance

g. IncompleteDominance

h. Co-Dominance

i. Genetics

j. Heredity

k. Recessive

l. Mutation

m. Autosomaln. Sex-linked

2. Identifythepedigreeasautosomalorsex-linkedanddominantorrecessive.Thengivethemostprobable

genotypeofeachindividual.

3. Whoisknownasthe“father”ofgenetics?Whatdidhestudy?Whydidhestudythis?

4. Whoismorecommonlyaffectedbysex-linkedtraitsandwhyaretheymorecommonlyaffected?

5. PerformthefollowingcrossesusingPunnettsquaresandgivetherequestedratio.Gisdominantforgreenskin;

gisrecessiveforblueskin.Bisdominantforbrowneyes;bisrecessiveforblueeyes.

a. GgxGg(GenotypicRatio)

b. BbxBb(PhenotypicRatio)

c. GgBbxGgBb(GenotypicandPhenotypicRatio)

UnitSix:DNA1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms

a. DNAReplication

b. Nucleotide

c. NucleicAcid

d. Mutation

e. RNATranscription

f. AminoAcidTranslation

g. Codon

h. Anticodon

i. DNAFingerprint

2. DescribethestructureofDNA.IncludeallofthevariouspartsthatmakeupDNA.

3. ExplainhowaDNAfingerprintcanbeusedtosolvecrimes.

4. CompareandcontrastDNAandRNA.Whichoneistheblueprintoflife?

5. Whatarethebasepairingrulesfor…?

a. DNA?

b. RNA?

6. AnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheDNAsequence:TACGCCTTGa. WhatwillthecomplimentaryDNAstrandlooklike?

b. TranscribetheDNAintoastrandofmRNA

c. TranslatethemRNAintoaproteinchain(youneedyourcodonchartforthis)

7. Describetheprocessofproteinsynthesisindetail.

8. Therearethreemaintypesofmutations.Listandbrieflydescribethem.

a.

b.

c.

9. Doeseverymutationcausedamagetoanorganism?Explainyouranswer.

UnitSeven:Evolution1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms

a. Evolution

b. NaturalSelection

c. Adaptation

d. Fossil

e. HomologousStructure

f. VestigialStructure

g. AnalogousStructure

h. Species

i. Competition

2. WheredidDarwindomostofhisresearch?

3. Explainnaturalselection.

4. Listanddescribesomevariablesthatcauseevolution.

5. Ifapopulationisnotevolving,thismeansthatthepopulationisinwhat?

6. Oftheitemslistedbelow,circleanythatcouldcontributetonaturalselection.

a. PhenotypicVariationb. GeneticVariationc. RenewableWaterSupplyd. EnvironmentalChangee. LimitedLivingSpacef. ClimateChangeg. UnlimitedResourcesh. Mutationi. FoodSource

7. Therearethreetypesofnaturalselectionthatcanoccur.IdentifyeachofthegraphsbelowaseitherStabilizing

Selection,DisruptiveSelection,orDirectionalSelection.Besuretoprovideanexplanationofeachtypeofnatural

selection.

TypeofSelection

DescriptionofSelection

8. Listandexplainthe4requirementsfornaturalselectiona.

b.

c.

d.

9. Listandexplainthesixpiecesofextraevidenceforevolution

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

10. ExplainspeciationasitrelatestoDarwin’sfinches.Whatkeyadaptationsinthefinchesisaffectedbythetypeoffoodavailable?

11. Compareandcontrasthomologousstructuresandanalogousstructures.Giveanexampleofeach.

12. Nametwovestigialstructuresinhumans

a.

b.

UnitEight:Populations&Ecology

1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms

a. Producer

b. Primary

Consumer

c. Secondary

Consumer

d. Tertiary

Consumer

e. Habitat

f. Carryingcapacityg. Ecologyh. Ecosystemi. BioticFactorsj. Biodiversityk. Population

l. Biome

m. AbioticFactorsn. Community

o. Secondary

Succession

p. Primary

Succession

2. Therearefivetypesofsymbioticrelationships.Name,define,andprovideanexampleofeachbelow.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. Drawafoodwebinthespacebelowbasedonthefollowingfoodchains:

a. PlantsàMouseàHawk

b. PlantsàRabbitsàWolf

c. PlantsàRabbitsàSnakeàHawk

d. PlantsàMouseàSnake

e. PlantsàDeeràWolf

f. PlantsàHawkàWolf

4. Provideexamplesfromthefoodwebaboveforeachofthefollowing

a. Producer b. Primary

Consumer

c. Secondary

Consumer

d. Tertiary

Consumer

5. Mostecosystemsonlycontainfourtrophiclevels.Basedonyourfoodwebfrom#2,explainwhichtrophic

level(s)thewolffeedsatandwhy.

6. Explainhowmuchenergymovesupthroughthetrophiclevelsandwhythereisnota4thlevelconsumer.

7. Explainhowprimarysuccessiondiffersfromsecondarysuccession.Howaretheysimilar?Whyissuccession

important?

8. Usethegraphtoanswerthequestions

a. Whichsectionshowsanincreaseinbirthrate?

b. Whichsectionshowanincreaseindeathrate

c. WhydoesthegraphleveloffinsecondC?

9. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtoincrease?

10. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtodecrease?

11. Explainthefollowingcycles(youmaysketchadiagramifthat’seasier)

a. WaterCycle

b. CarbonCycle

c. NitrogenCycle