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Ferdiand de
Saussure
Father of Linguistics
Silvia Lee
Born:Geneva, Switzerland 1857
Father:Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure
MineralogistEntomologistTaxonomist
University of Geneva1875
Graduate Work:University of Leipzig 1876
l’Ecole pratique des hautes étudesTaught (11 years):• Sanskrit• Gothic• Old High German
Knight of the Legion
of Honor
University of Geneva 1891
Professor• Sanskrit• Indo-Eurpoean
langauges• Course of
General Linguistics (1907-1911)
Doctorate in 1880:
Dissertation on the Primitive Vowel System
in Indo-European
Languages
What is language?
Sign
Sign = abritary
Symbol = motivation
Sign
SignifiedSignifier
Value of the Sign
Emile Durkheim
•Father of sociology
•Social integration
Langue Parole
(system) (put into practice)
Language in social, cultural context
gay
Signs•Polysemous
•Unstable
•Endlessly shifting
•Create new meanings, new social contexts
The Arbitrary Nature of the Sign
system of relations
Objection 1: Onomoatopeoia
Objection 2: Interjections
Synchrony & Diachrony
complete systemat a given time
historical development
Synchrony:present and future
Paradigm (pattern)&
Syntagm (syntax)
Criticisms• Langue: complete system?
• Distinction: syntagm & paradigm
• Finite-state grammar
Claude Levi-Strauss
•Structuralism
•Family relations
Linguistics
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
•Linguistic relativity
•Language determines thought
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