Female Reproductive System - PUMCanatomy.sbm.pumc.edu.cn/mobile/files/pdf/Histology...Dept. of...

Female Reproductive

System

Qian Xiaoing

Dept. of Anatomy, Histology

& Embryology

pumc_he@126.com

69156461

I. Ovary

II. Uterine Tubes

III. Uterus

IV. Vagina

V. Mammary

Glands

Female Reproductive System

I. Ovary

• produce oocytes

• secrete female sex hormone

new born 15 y.

30 y. postmenpausal

1. Oogenesis

primordial germ cells

oogonia

primary oocytes

secondary oocytes

arrest II

arrest I

oogenesis cease

prior to/ just after birth

MI prophase

MII metaphase

(卵子发生)

1951, Zukerman dogma

J. L. Tilly

刘奎

吴际

• Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cell, 2005. 122(2): p. 303-15.

• Oocyte formation by mitotically active germ cells purified from ovaries of reproductive-age women. Nat Med, 2012. 18(3): p. 413-421.

• Isolation, characterization and propagation of mitotically active germ cells from adult mouse and human ovaries. Nat Protoc, 2013. 8(5): p. 966-88.

• Zou, K., et al., Production of offspring from a germline stem cell line derived from neonatal ovaries. Nat Cell Biol, 2009. 11(5): p. 631-6.

• Zhang, H., et al., Experimental evidence showing that no mitotically active female germline progenitors exist in postnatal mouse ovaries. PNAS, 2012. 109(31): p. 12580-5.

• Zhang, H., et al., Life-long in vivo cell-lineage tracing shows that no oogenesis originates from putative germline stem cells in adult mice. PNAS, 2014. 111(50): p. 17983-8.

Textbook rewrite?

• Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary. Nature, 2004. 428(6979): p. 145-50.

2. General Structure

1) Ovarian Surface Epithelium

2) Tunica Albuginea

3) Cortex

4) Medulla

1) Ovarian Surface Epithelium

simple squamous/cuboidal epithelium

2) Tunica Albuginea

dense C.T.

ovarian cancer

(白膜)

(卵巢表面上皮)

3) Cortex

• gamete-producing

structures &

derivatives

• stroma

stromal cells

smooth muscle

IAN hilum

loose C.T.

vessels

nerves

4) Medulla

hilus cells

3. Structures in Cortex

1) Follicular Growth

2) Ovulation

3) Corpus Luteum

4) Corpus Albicans

5) Follicular Atresia

Follicle: an oocyte + follicular cells

basement

membrane

1) Follicular Growth (folliculogenesis)(卵泡发生)

primordial follicle

mature follicle

primary follicle

secondary follicle

(antral/vesicular)

growing

follicle

1) Follicular Growth (folliculogenesis)

(1) Primordial Follicle

primary oocyte

a single layer of flattened follicular cells

(pool)

(2) Primary Follicle

• zona pellucida (ZP)

• primary oocyte

• granulosa cells

(follicle cells)

flattened cuboidal,

unilaminar multilaminar

growth rapidly

• BM

• follicular theca

(透明带)

(卵泡膜)

cortical granules

• zona pellucida

structure

function

(3) Secondary Follicle

(vesicular / antral follicle)

• antrum

follicular fluid

• stratum granulosum

• cumulus oophorus

primary oocyte

corona radiata

theca interna: theca cells, cap.

theca externa: smooth muscle

• follicular theca

（囊/ 窦状卵泡）

(卵丘)

(卵泡腔)

(放射冠)

(颗粒层)

corona

radiata

cumulus

oophorus

folliculibasement

membrane

• functions: estrogen produced

theca interna – follicular cell synergism

两细胞学说，协同作用

(4) Mature (Graafian) Follicle

granulosa layer:

thin, proliferation decreased

oocyte: primary secondaryDutch physician & anatomist

1 dominant follicle → mature f~

primordial

follicle

mature

follicle

primary

follicle

secondary

follicle

follicular

luteal

ovulation

2) Ovulation 排卵

secondary oocyte + zona pellucida + corona radiata

3) Corpus Luteum

(1) Formation

黄体

卵泡

(2) Structure

• granulosa lutein cells

粒黄体细胞

centrally located

numerous (80%),

large, acidophilic

• theca lutein cells膜黄体细胞

peripherally located

smallerGLC

progesterone

estrogen

secrete

(3) Function

• corpus luteum of pregnancy 妊娠黄体

secret progesterone, estrogen, relaxin （松弛素）

•corpus luteum of menstruation 月经黄体

(4) Types

LH stimulation

secret progesterone, estrogen

4) Corpus Albicans 白体

Ovulation

Corpus Luteum

Corpus Albicans

Follicular AtresiaFollicular Growth

• oocyte growth

• follicular cells change

• stromal cells proliferation & differentiation

Mature follicle

闭锁

5) Follicular Atresia

happened at any stage of

follicles

• primordial follicle atresia

oocyte : degeneration

granulosa cells : degeneration

• primary follicle atresia

zona pellucida collapses

• secondary follicle atresia

theca cells interstitial cells

interstitial gland

secrete steroid

→corpus albicans (corpus atretica)

• produce secondary oocyte

• secrete female sex hormone

4. Functions of ovaryovulation

follicular phase luteal phase

II. Uterine Tubes (Oviducts, Salpinges，Fallopian Tubes)

• Infundibulum (漏斗部)

• Ampulla (壶腹部)

• Isthmus (峡部)

• Uterine Part(子宫部)

1. Gross Structure

2. Microscopic Structure

1) Mucosa

3) Serosa

2) Muscularis

simple columnar epi.

lamina propria

• epithelium

• ciliated cell

• secretory (peg) cells

hormone sensitively

Mucosa

nutrition & protection

capacitation factor

2. Microscopic Structure

1) Mucosa

lamina propria

3) Serosa

2) Muscularis

inner circular layer

outer longituinal layer

Infundibulum: fimbriae

Ampulla:

Isthmus:

Uterine Part:

longitudinal

folds of mucosa

smooth

muscle

ectopic pregnancy

III. Uterus muscular organ

• Gross Structure

fundus

body (corpus)

cervix

• Microscopic Structure

endometrium (子宫内膜)

myometrium (子宫肌层)

perimetrium (子宫外膜)

1. Uterine Body / Corpus

1) Perimetrium

serosa

3 ill-defined layers:

inner longitudinal layer

middle circular layer

blood vessels

outer longitudinal layer

2) Myometrium

bundles of smooth muscle

C.T. interwoven

3) Endometrium

• simple columnar epi.

ciliated cells

secretory cells

• lamina propria

stromal cells

uterine glands

(secretory cells)

straight arteries (基底a.)

the basal ends of the

uterine glands

unaffected by hormone

not shed

• functional layer

• basal layer

spiral arteries (螺旋a.)

hormone responsive

cyclic changes

3) Endometrium

2. Menstrual Cycle (月经周期)

• menstrual phase (月经期, 1-4d)

• proliferative phase (增生期, 5-14d)

• secretory phase (分泌期, 15-28d)

menstrual

proliferative

secretory

time (day) 1-4 5-14 15-28

hormone

spiral A.

uterine glands

epithelial cells

stromal cells

functionalis

elongated

coiled

straight

proliferation

regenerated

luteal phase

progesterone

estrogen

elongated

highly coiled

secretion

differentiation

reduction

constricted

relaxed broken

broken

necrosis

detached

follicular phase

estrogen

menstrual phaseproliferative phase secretory phase

3. Uterine Cervix

endocervical canal

exocervix 宫颈阴道部

子宫颈管

Mucosa

Myometrium

Adventitia

• epithelium

stratified squamous epi.

1) Mucosa

not shed

endocervical mucosa

exocervical mucosa

transition zone

• cervical glands hormone sensitively

cervical mucus

endocervical mucosa

3) Adventitia

1) Mucosa

2) Myometrium

mainly C.T.

few smooth muscle

endocervical mucosa

exocervical mucosa

3) Adventitia

1) Mucosa

2) Myometrium

mainly C.T.

few smooth muscle

endocervical mucosa

exocervical mucosa

cervical smear (Pap smear 巴氏涂片)

IV. Vagina

nonkeratinized stratified

squamous

glycogen lactic acid

• epithelium

• lamina propria

loose C.T.,

rich in elastic fibers

highly vascularized

1. Mucosa

2. Muscularis

inner circular bundles

(ill-defined)

outer longitudinal bundles

(prominent)

3. Adventitia

dense C.T.

rich in elastic fibers

1. Mucosa

Masson staining

epithelium

lamina propria

V. Mammary Glands

Science, 2015, 348(6232): 333-336

oxytocin

Sensory systems: The yin and

yang of cortical oxytocin Nature

520(7548): 444-445

1. Structure

compound tubuloalveolar glands

dense C.T.

adipose tissue

lobe, lobule

1) Alveoli

• secreting cells: milk secretion

• Compound Tubuloalveolar Glands

• myoepithelial cells

intralobular ducts interlobular ducts

lactiferous ducts lactiferous sinuses opening

simple cuboidal epi. stratified squamous epi.

2) Ducts

输乳管窦

Breast Cancer

2. Different State of Mammary Gland

1) Inactive (resting)

pregnancy: alveoli proliferate

lactation: milk secretion & accumulation

2) Active

I. Ovary

II. Uterine Tubes

III. Uterus

IV. Vagina

V. Mammary

Glands

Female Reproductive System

summary

The structures in cortex and their functions

Menstrual Cycle

Female Reproductive System - PUMCanatomy.sbm.pumc.edu.cn/mobile/files/pdf/Histology...Dept. of...

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