Feed Additives and Implant Strategies

Breanne Ilse

Livestock Research Specialist

Carrington Research Extension Center - NDSU

Implants & Feed Additives

Implants & Feed AdditivesImplants

TypesEffectsMethods

Feed additivesConventionalNatural

Implants

Types of Implants

Estrogen basedEstradiol 17-ßProgesterone

Androgen basedTrenbolone Acetate

(TBA)Testosterone

CombinationAndrogen/

Estrogen(TBA/E2)

Estrogenic (Ralgro, Synovex-C, Magnum)

Metabolically enhance nutrient use to enhance growth

Implant Information

Estrogenic Mode of ActionIncreased

Somatotropin & IGF-1

ADG and HCWLittle change

Fat distribution

Protein deposition

Feed efficiency 5-10%

Daily gain5-15%

Androgenic (Finaplix-S/H)

Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growth

Implant Information

Androgenic Mode of ActionIncreased

IGF-1ADG and feed

efficiency

No change in intake

Feed efficiency 2-3% additional

Daily gain 3-5% additional

Combination TBA/E2 (Synovex Choice,Revalo IS/IH,

Synovex Plus)

Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growthAdditive effect with estrogenic

Implant Information

ActivityPotenc

yRe-Implant

Window

Optimum Payout Period

Estrogenic Low 45-90 days 60-90 days

EstrogenicModerat

e70-100 days 80-120 days

AndrogenicModerat

e70-100 days 80-120 days

Combination

Moderate

70-100 days 90-120 days

Combination

High 90-100 days 90-120 days

Potency Level

Estrogen Concentration

Foodng per 3 oz. serving

Beef, non-implanted steer 1.3

Beef, implanted steer 1.9

Beef, heifer 1.1

Milk 11.0

Soybean oil 170,000

Wheat germ 340,000Schoonmaker, J., and G. Lardy. 2004 NDSU

28 billion nanograms in an ounce

Enhance growth performanceIncrease ADGIncrease intakeImproved efficiency

$ $ $ & ¢ ¢ ¢Estimated return $15 to $40

Results of Implant

Ration / fed nutrients

Level of growth promotant

Reimplant window- threshold

Implant Response

Strategic Planning

Performance goals

Animal characteristics

Nutrition

People & Facilities

Terminal dateEstimate date of slaughter

Work backwards

Implant Timing

Location, Location, Location

Implant Est. cost / head

Abscessed $25

Bunched/Crushed $15

Missed $25

Walled off/In Cartilage $25

Partial loss $20

Cost of Improper Technique

Synovex Animal Health Inc. 2004

Dark cutters

Decreased marbling

Decreased tenderness

Negative Effects

Continue once started

Progression of potency

Dose and duration

Implant Guidlines

Feed Additives

5 General categories: IonophoresAntibiotics Estrus suppressantsBuffersOthers / Natural

Effects & Benefits

Fed to Slaughter Weight

3-3.5 lbs/Day up to 5lbs

Step-up diets to acclimate cattle

Usually 85% Concentrate

Finishing Period

Normal Rumen

Disturbed Microbes

Explosive Rumen

Improve efficiency of energy metabolism

Improve efficiency of protein metabolism

Reduce the incidence of digestive upsets

Ionophores

IonophoresGeneral Results

Decrease feed intake

Improve feed conversions

Maintain or increase daily gain

Increase Propionate

Increase pH

Decrease Bloat

Decrease Protein Degradation

Beta-agonist stimulate beta receptors on cell surfaces

Repartitioning agent of fat to protein

Metabolism Directs more nutrients to increase protein synthesis Slows protein degradation

Ractopamine hydrochlorideOptaflexx®

Zilmax ®

Beta-agonist

Fed only for month prior to slaughter60-430 mg/hd/dShort withdrawal timePrice $7- $25 investment per headEffects

Increases dressing percentage Increases hot carcass weight Increases ribeye area Improves yield grade Improves cutability Increases red meat yield

Beta-agonist

www.cattlenetwork.com: Intervet and Elanco

Antibiotics

Reduce Bacterial diarrhea & Pneumonia

Shipping fever

Respiratory infection

Preventing Foot rot

Liver abscesses

Aureomycin

Chlortetracycline

Oxytetracycline

Tylosin

Melengestrol acetate MGA™

MGA Similar to Progesterone

Suppression of Estrus Reduces injuries, and energy lossesImproves gain and feed efficiency of

intact heifers

Estrus Suppressor

Resist changes in rumen pH

Reduce incidence of acidosis

Improve fiber digestion

Individual animal performance extremely variable

Buffers

Live naturally occurring microorganismsNon therapeutic claims

Establishing viable bacterial colonies in gut

Affect digestive function of the animal

Increasing production

Decreasing morbidity

Direct Fed Microbial

Production of organic acids

Production of antimicrobials

Reduce toxic amines

Competitive exclusion

Potential Modes of Action

Fermentation ProductContain live bacteria/microbial cells

Fermentation ExtractBacteria or fungal extracts or

fermentation byproductsContains enzymes extracted from a

microbial fermentation (cells not contained in the product)

DFM - Product vs. Extract

Yeasts and enzyme additivesStabilize rumen pHIncrease fiber digestion

Rumen modifiersRumen microbe populationVFA ratioCompetitive binding

Natural feed additives in feedlot

Saponins Yucca : Antiprotozoal

Organic CobaltPrecursor for Vitamin B12: Increase

VFA productionβ – glucans

Enhance immune systemManna – Oligosaccharide

Competitive binding on bacteria sites

Natural

ConclusionFeed for intended

purpose

Follow label directions

Read warning statements

Store feed properly

Observe withdrawal time

Use of trade names neither endorses nor discounts any product mentioned

Do your own research on the products before purchaseNDSU, CREC, accredited

resources

Disclosure Statement

Questions ?

Breanne IlseOffice phone : 701.652.2951

Email : Breanne.Ilse@ndsu.edu