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Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain
Microbiological surveillance of carcasses and meat in Belgium Scientific exploitation of databases
Yasmine Ghafir
Federal Agency for the Safety
of the Food Chain
23/11/2007 SciCom FASFC
Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain 2
Illustration
• NRL food microbiology (animal origin) for AFSCA / FAVV (ULg)
• Surveillance of zoonosis in carcasses and meat:– Salmonella, Campylobacter, STEC O157,
indicators– Carcasses and meat beef, pork, poultry
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Belgian surveillances
• 1997-1999: introductive study– Various parameters and matrixes– Different dilutions of the same samples
• 2000-2003– Representative sampling– Choice of dilutions– Follow up of contamination
• 2003-2006 and after– Integration in the global food safety surveillance– Based on risk analysis– …
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INTRODUCTION• Materials and methods
UTILISATION OF DATABASES• Assessment of process hygiene criteria for
indicators• Assessment of process hygiene criteria for
pathogens• Risk assessment of Campylobacter in poultry
meat preparation
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INTRODUCTION
REPRESENTATIVENESS OF SAMPLING• 2000 - 2003 (10 -11 months / year)• Establishments• Samples• Sampling method • Laboratory analysis
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Introduction: microorganisms
• Microorganisms:– Pathogenic:
• Salmonella, Campylobacter,• Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157• Yersinia enterocolitica
– Indicators• E. coli, ACC, Enterobacteriaceeae
– Introductive study: • dilution• microorganisms and samples
• databases– Registration of data– According to the objectives– Counts: cfu/cm2 -> log– Values < detection limit
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Results: pork carcasses (log cfu/cm2)
-2,00
-1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
E. coli 2000 E. coli 2001 E. coli 2002 E. coli 2003
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1. Assessment of process hygiene criteria
Pig and beef carcasses• Abattoir:
– Cooling room– 2-4h after slaughter
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1. Process hygiene criteria: Belgian application for
indicators (counting method)
Pig & beef carcasses
a. Dec. 2001/471/EC⇒ adaptation of AR/KB 4/7/1996 (2002)
b. Reg. (EC) n°2073/2005
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1a. Process hygiene criteria:adaptation of AR/KB 4/7/1996 (2002)
Pig & beef carcasses• E. coli:
– Indicator of faecal contamination– Indicator of a possible presence of pathogenic
microorganisms of faecal origin• Aerobic colony counts:
– Indicator of general hygiene• 75th P ⇒ m (level of satisfaction)• 95th P ⇒ M (limit of acceptability)
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Results: pork carcasses (log cfu/cm2)
-2,00
-1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
E. coli 2000 E. coli 2001 E. coli 2002 E. coli 200375th P (1,2) 95th P (2,3)
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Results: pork carcasses (log cfu/cm2)
E. coli 2000-2003 AR 4/7/199675th P 1,20 m 1,49
95th P 2,32 M 2,38
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Results: pork carcasses (log cfu/cm2)
ACC 2000-2003 AR 4/7/199675th P 3,67 m 4,08
95th P 4,74 M 4,92
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1b. Process hygiene criteria: Belgian application of
Reg. (EC) n°2073/2005Pig & beef carcasses
• Enterobacteriaceae & ACC• Sampling method to be assessed by MS:
DESTRUCTIVE ⇔ SWABSReference ⇔ Belgian
Before cooling
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SciCom AFSCA/FAVV
• Sampling: destructive or not-destructive method
• Recuperation of microorganisms-0,5 log (20-50%) in comparison with
destructive method
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
beef
ACC
Reg
.Sc
iCom
beef
ACC
Stu
dybe
ef E
C Re
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iCom
beef
EC
Stud
y
pork
ACC
Reg
.Sc
iCom
pork
ACC
Stu
dypo
rk E
C Re
g.Sc
iCom
pork
EC
Stud
ylo
g c
fu/
cm2
S A NA
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24%
7%
21%
11%15%
7%
15%12%
19%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Pig carcasses (600cm2) Broiler carcasses (1g)
20002001200220032000-2003
Belgian application of Reg. (EC) n°2073/2005Salmonella on pig & poultry carcasses 2000-2003
2. Process hygiene criteria: pathogenic agents (P/A)
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Salmonella on pig & poultry carcasses
Pig carcasses(/swabbed area)
Poultry carcasses
R2073/2005BE 2000-
2003R2073/2005
(/25g)BE 2000-2003 (/1g)
n 50 50 50 50
c 5 7,5 7 5
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Exemple 43. Semi-quantative estimation of
Campylobacter prevalence:Poultry meat preparation
– 25g samples + 225 ml broth (1/10th)
– homogenisation
– Dilutions: 10ml (1g), 1ml (0,1g), 0,1ml (0,01g) ->
in 9 or 90 ml of broth
– Incubation & analysis
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28%
18%
90%
83%
63%
6%10%
59%
19%
69%
13%
96%
15%
4%10%
3%
12%
2%1%0%0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
broilercarcasses
broiler fillets layer carcasses pork cuttingmeat
pork mincedmeat
pork carcasses
Samples
<1cfu/25g or 600cm21-249cfu/25g or 600cm2>250cfu/25g or 600cm2 for pork samples; 250-1499 cfu/25g for poultry samples>2500cfu/25g for poultry samples
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9%
24%
67%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
poultry meat preparation (n=304)
<1cfu/25g
1-2500cfu/25g
>2500cfu/25g
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Exemple 4Risk assessment of Campylobacter in
poultry meat preparation:Superior Health Council
• Elimination of highly contaminated samples– > 1000 Campylobacter / g– > 100 Campylobacter / g
• Good cooking of poultry meat
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ConclusionImportance of surveillance system & data
collection– Determination of limits– Take into account the Belgian
situation– Risk assessment
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Thanks for your attention
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