Fear of Revolutionary Ideas When Louis XVI was executed during the French Revolution, other European...

Fear of Revolutionary IdeasWhen Louis XVI was executed

during the French Revolution, other European kings were afraid that these ideas would lead to revolutions in their countries

Prussia, Spain, England, Sweden, Austria formed the First CoalitionFirst Coalition & went to war with France to bring the Bourbon Dynasty back & end the French Revolution

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

was a popular soldier in the French military who supported the republic

In 1796, the leaders of the French republic gave Napoleon command of the army to defend France from this European coalition

Napoleon’s Control of FranceNapoleon showed

his great military skills & defeated the First Coalition

By 1799, Napoleon believed that he could do a better job running the French government than the leaders of the republic

Napoleon Controlled FranceDesperate for

strong leadership, French citizens allowed Napoleon to have as much power as he wanted, so he made himself emperoremperor in 1804

Napoleon’s Changes in FranceBad Changes

Used the military to run the country

Limited freedom of speech & executed or jailed his critics

Forced men to join the French army

Continued fighting European wars

Good Changes Improved educationCreated a Bank of Bank of

FranceFrance & made everyone pay taxes

Created the Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code to make French laws more equal & clear

Increased the size of the French empire

Napoleon’s Reforms1. Economic Order – set up a National

Bank2. Social Order – Welcomed nobles back3. Religious Order – Signed the

Concordat – agreement that set a new relationship between church & state. Religious freedom allowed

4. Legal Order – Wrote a new set of laws called the Napoleonic code

Napoleon sold Louisiana territory to USA president Thomas Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million ($0.03 per acre)

Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805) France defeats a

bigger Austrian & Prussian army

Masterful tactical victory

Forces Austria out of the war

Battle of Trafalgar

October 1805Napoleon

knows he must defeat Britain’s navy to capture Britain

Battle of Trafalgar French navy meets

British navy outside of Gibraltar

British navy led by Lord Horatio Nelson

British force a retreat & Britain is saved

By 1810, Napoleon had created the largest European empire since the Romans!

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon forced Europe to:

–Obey the Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code –Obey the Continental SystemContinental System—a

strict blockade of all British goods & a heavy tax on any non- French product

End of Napoleon’s EmpireBy 1812, the

only countries Napoleon did not control were England, Sweden & Russia

When Russia violated the Continental System & bought grain from England, Napoleon attacked

Napoleon’s Retreat from Russia

Napoleon arrived in Russia with 614,000 French troops but returned with only 40,000

End of Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon was exiled

to Elba (an island near Italy); France brought back the Bourbon king Louis XVIII

But…Napoleon returned & created a new army to lead France; BUT…

End of Napoleon’s EmpireThe Sixth Coalition of European

powers defeated him at Waterloo in 1815 & ended Napoleon’s reign

Napoleon was exiled to the South Atlantic where he died in 1821 (of stomach cancer or poison?)

Let’s Create a Perspective Poster about Napoleon

Your poster should include:–A titletitle that takes a stand: was

Napoleon good or bad?–A visualvisual of Napoleon as either

a good influence or as a bad influence

–A listlist of achievements or complaints