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FCS-FNL-4ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
What do we know?What do we want to know?
What did we learn?
Written by: Helen Hawyer
Georgia CTAE Resource Network
2010
The notes from this PowerPoint were
paraphrased from the book “Residential
Housing and Interiors” (Good-Heart Wilcox)
Chapter 6
VOCABULARY•SPACE
•LINE
•SHAPE
•FORM
•TEXTURE
•COLOR
A. The area provided for a particular purpose
B. The visual direction of a design
C. A flat or silhouette design that is 2-D in width and length
D. The outlined edges of a 3-D object
E. A surface’s tactile quality
F. Another name for hue
SPACE• Without space, there would be
nothing to decorate!– the area provided for a particular purpose– May be 2 or 3 dimensional– Can be divided into distinct parts
• Provide a sense of space and security– Using doors, walls, dividers, screens,
etc.
– Too little space creates a feeling of loss of privacy
• Think of the streets of New York City
– Too much space can create a feeling of loneliness
• Think of the deserts of Nevada
– Space should change gradually instead of abruptly
• Kitchens flow into dining rooms, which flow into dens, which flow into back porches, etc. etc.
CROWDED!
Above: Too many things going on in a small space.
Right: The bathroom is almost non functional because of the crowded space
Above: This space is too small to use as a sitting area and a dining area.
SPACED OUT!
Notice a division of space using a screen (Right) and columns (Below)
This space to the right is used as a den. The designer made certain to incorporate the use of window space on the wall.
SPACE HOMEWORK•Utah State Lesson Planshttp://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4925
LINE
• The visual direction of a design• Used to emphasize an element or to hide
one– For example, making a short room appear taller
• Lines can be used in patterns of wallpaper or fabric, or in shapes of furniture and windows
• Types of lines– Vertical…add height
• Tall furniture
– Horizontal…lead eye left or right and create width
• Long couches, long tables
– Diagonal…suggest action or movement, create excitement in design
• Staircases, checkerboard floors
– Curved…add softening, graceful effect• Arched doorways and windows, rounded furniture
PROJECT
BLACK AND WHITE LINE DESIGN
– Utah State Lesson Plans• http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/
preview.cgi?LPid=4141
STRUCTURAL AND DECORATIVE DESIGN
– Utah State Lesson Plans•http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4101
SHAPE AND FORM• Shape is a flat silhouette or
image– Has two dimensions, length and
width– Created by intersecting lines that
form geometrical shapes– Imperfect geometric shapes cause
tension and attract interest• They should be used with care
– Stained glass windows– Modern Art
SHAPE AND FORM• Form is the outlined edges of a
3-D object– Has length, width and depth as
well as volume and mass– A square is a shape, but when 6
are joined together, it creates a form, or a cube
• Dressers, chest of drawers
– Forms can be sturdy or fragile• Heavy wood versus a glass vase
– Related forms look better together than unrelated forms
• A collection of circular objects in various sizes verses square, rectangle, and circular objects.
PROJECT• SHAPE AND FORM PROJECTS
– Utah State Lesson Plans•Shape and Form Salt Dough•http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4281
– Team Shape Picture•http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4280
– Shape Creation•http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4280
TEXTURE• Texture is the surfaces tactile quality
– Tactile refers to the perception of touch• Crinkled, rough, smooth, wrinkled, etc.
• Patterns or colors often form illusions of texture– Floral patterns give off texture even when
printed on silk (a smooth surface)– Striped fabrics give a sense of rigid
texture
• Furniture can have texture– Carvings made into wood or wood grains
showing through a stain
• Can affect color by subduing or intensifying it– Rough surfaces absorb more light and
smooth surfaces reflect light
COLOR• The most important element of
design and the most exciting tool of the designer!
• Colors are also called hues• Designers use the color wheel
to help match color schemes
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