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8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
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Bad Weather
Driving Guide
Poc
ketGuide
Health & Safety Executive
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Disclaimer: While the Department for Transport (DfT) and theScottish Government have made every effort to ensure theinformation in this document is accurate, they do not guaranteethe accuracy, completeness or usefulness of that information;and cannot accept liability for any loss or damages of any kind
resulting from reliance on the information or guidance thisdocument contains.
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
.
......
.
...
Contents
Introduction..................................... 4
UK Weather:
Is Your Vehicle
The Four Seasons......................... 8
Your View, Your Saety.............. 18
Fit For Purpose?............................. 22
Be Prepared...................................... 34
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4
Introduction
During bad weather, proessional drivers ace more
challenges than other road users through increased
demands on their own concentration and their
vehicles. Some o these are due to the size o the
vehicles and actors such as braking distances thatare aected by certain weather types.
Typically, planned delivery times and journey
times remain the same all year round with drivers
and vehicles required to perorm the same duties
whatever the driving conditions. We know thathigh winds, ice and snow or driving rain make the
operation o a large vehicle much more dicult.
Remember, whilst on the road, you the driver, are
solely responsible or the sae operation o your
vehicle, security o your load and delivery o goods
to your destination.
By ollowing the simple steps outlined in this Pocket
Guide you can ensure your own saety and that o
other road users:
Check your vehicle dailyEnsure your load is saely secured in place
Plan your route including potential diversions
Watch the weather orecasts ahead
Drive saely
1
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
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Proessional Drivers are
Champions o SaetyREMEMBER
!
1.1 How Will This Guide Help You?
This Pocket Guide is or you the proessional driver.
It oers simple advice to help:
Check your vehicle is t or purpose
Plan your route
Know the weather orecast or your routeAdapt your driving style to suit the conditions
Be fexible to road closures and rerouting
Minimise delay and idle time
Save you and your employer money
Planning ahead andpreparing or potential
road closures and
diversions will save you
time, uel and money.
Having the right advice
to hand is sometimesdicult when you are out
on the road. Carry this
Pocket Guide in your jacket pocket or cab or quick
reerence. Keep it handy and cut the risk o delay or
accidents caused by bad weather conditions.
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6
There are many guides, manuals and codes o practiceavailable on specic aspects o transport. This Pocket
Guide is a summary o how to prepare and drive in bad
weather but is not comprehensive advice. Appendix 1
provides a useul list o organisations that can help you
nd more inormation.
1.2 Freight Best Practice
This Pocket Guide is part o a series oFREE
publications produced by the Scottish Government
under the Freight Best Practice Scotland
programme.
The Freight Best Practice programme provides
a wide range oFREE inormation to help you
improve the eciency o your business. For a ull
list o all the FREE publications and or urther
inormation, call the Hotline on 0845 877 0 877 orvisit the website atwww.reightbestpractice.org.
http://www.freightbestpractice.org/http://www.freightbestpractice.org/8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
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k
Printed intheUKonpapercontainingatleast75%re cycledfb re.
FBP108 3 Queens PrinterandControlle ro HMSO20 07.
www.freightbestpractice.org.u
Bad Weather Driving Guide
http://www.freightbestpractice.org.u/http://www.freightbestpractice.org.u/http://www.freightbestpractice.org.u/8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
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!Lower speeds improve vehiclehandling in high cross windsFACT
Open and exposed routes can leave your vehicle
especially vulnerable when there are changeablecross winds. This is most common on exposed
routes and high bridges where wind can buet
the vehicle making it dicult to operate.
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In high winds watch out or damage to:
Lampposts and signposts
Telephone and electrical wires
Scaolding and construction material
Low hanging trees and branches
Other vehicles
Buildings
Road urniture
Any o these can put
REMEMBER your vehicle at risk!
!
2.2 Rain & Spray
Rain obscures your vision through bouncing othe windscreen. Rain can also lead to oggingup
on the inside o the windscreen and wing mirrors
making it harder to see all around.
Fast moving trac can lit gallons o water o the
road surace creating a spray cloud. This makes
visibility very dicult or ALL drivers.
Lack o visibility caused by rain can be equally
dangerous when operating at low speed. Rain water
rom your side windows and mirrors can aect your
view rom the cab.
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Wet conditions
Turn on your vehicles lights to beseen by other road users
Use longer braking distances to slow
your vehicle more smoothly
Make your vehicles movements known
with extended use o the indicators
Watch out or puddles! Other road
users may avoid them
Fit a spray suppression kit to keep down
the spray rom your tyres
Water thrown rom your vehicles tyres can
be a hazard to other road users and pedestrians
!By planning well ahead and braking
smoothly, gear changes will be
reduced and uel will be savedFACT
11
Bad Weather Driving Guide
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2.3 SnowWhen driving in cold weather, keep an eye on the
outside temperature, especially when
climbing long ascents. At nightall
the temperature can all rapidly
turning rain to snow. Most modernvehicles have a temperature gauge
on the dashboard.
Snowall
Heavy alling snow will cause all
road users to slow down
In heavy snow you may have to make tram lines to
allow other road users to ollow saely through
Gentle use o all o the controls is required
to ensure the vehicle does not breakaway
in the slippery conditions
You should use the dierential lock on the
drive axles to increase grip in the worst cases
!In snow using higher gears
at low engine revs helps to
avoid wheel spin
FACT
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
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2.4 Ice
!
Ice can not only build up on the windscreen and
windows but also along the vehicle body and on
the roo o the trailer. This may
present a danger to other road users.
Black ice is invisible to the eye. In
reezing conditions black ice may
orm without warning.
CAN YOU SPOT
THE BLACK ICE?
NO ICE BLACK ICE
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Ice and Black Ice
Ice on the road surace will massively increase
your stopping distances. Brake early and gently
Steering and braking must be gentle so as not
to upset the high centre o gravity o your
vehicle thereby causing a skid
Where your vehicle does not have ABS, cadence
braking may be used whereby rapid but gentle
use o the brake pedal slows the vehicle
Watch out or bridge decks during icy conditions.
They may be colder than the road close by
making them more slippery
!Ice reduces grip with the
road surace making all
aspects o traction, steering
and braking less eective
FACT
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2.5 Slush
Oten, stripes o melting snow create tram lines
along the road making driving particularly dicult
or drivers o smaller vehicles with smaller wheels.
Slush 15
You should reduce your speed during slushy
conditions; there may still be ice underneath
the layer o slush
Other road users may have diculties in these
conditions. Be aware o other vehicles movements.
Try to avoid damage to wheels and tyres as slush
can cover roadside objects such as kerbstones
Be aware o your vehicles position when
approaching junctions and roundabouts.Road markings may be covered
!Debris thrown up by your
vehicles tyres can cause a hazard
to other road users, particularly
pedestrians and cyclists
FACT
Bad Weather Driving Guide
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2.6 Flooding
Following wet and wintry weather, dangers can still
exist through snow melt and localised fooding. This
can result in road closures and diversions.
Flood Water
I you have to ord a fooded road you should
keep to the highest point o the road camber,
usually the centre line
Keep your speed down to avoid making a
bow wave which may be thrown up
onto oncoming vehicles
Always dab your brakes several times ater getting
them wet, in order to test / dry the system
!Flood water may be owing at
speed, placing side loads onthe vehicle. Stay in the middle
o the road where possible
FACT
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2.7 Fog
Fog is a danger to the driver. It blocks the drivers
view over long distances causing most vehicles to
slow down.
On open motorway and trunk roads og represents17
the greatest danger. Varying vehicle speeds aect
trac fow creating more potential or accidents.
Fog
Fog limits your visibility. You should slow down
to a sae speed. You must make sure you have
adequate stopping distance in ront o your vehicle
Use your og lights when appropriate and
remember to turn them o once you clear the
og to avoid dazzling other road users
!Just because you can see the og
lights o the vehicle in ront does
not mean you have time to stop.
Always maintain a sae braking
distance rom the vehicle in ront
FACT
Bad Weather Driving Guide
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Your View, Your Saety
A proessional heavy goods driver is only as good as
what he / she can see. The inormation provided in
this section tells you what you, the driver, needs to
be aware o rom the drivers seat.
3.1 Windscreens & Windows
Your windscreen is your view on the world; make
sure it is ree o stickers, hanging motis and
emblems. Keep side windows ree o obstructions
such as sleeper curtains.
Cold and wintry weather can lead to a build up o
condensation on the windscreen and windows
in the cab. In very cold weather ice can build up
quickly on the outside o the cab covering unheated
parts o the windscreen and side windows.
To ensure that your windscreen stays clear during
poor weather you should:
Regularly clean the glass on all cab windows
with an approved cleaning product
Ensure that the cab heater is set to blow onto
the windscreen and door windows
NOT cover air vents with paperwork and
clothing
Preprogramme your night heater to derost
your cab beore you start the engine
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
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NOT leave your engine idling to derost your
cab beore starting a shit, unless it is essential
!FAC
3% o all roadside prohibition notices
T are served or deective glass andrestricted view o the road
3.2 Windscreen Wiper Blades
Windscreen wiper blades are vital to maintain your
line o sight on the road. I they become iced up
or there is damage to the rubber blades this will
restrict your view o the road ahead. Check andrenew wiper blades regularly.
Washwipes can reeze in very cold weather
due to exposed pipes eeding the fuid rom the
reservoir to the blades. Use neat screenwash with
a minimum reeze limit o 20 degrees C to helpprevent washwipe fuid rom reezing. Neat screen
wash will help derost nozzles.
REMEMBER
Keep a spare bottle o
screen-wash inside a
cab locker in order totop up en-route
!
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3.3 Wing Mirrors
Beore starting your journey, make sure your wing
mirrors are positioned so that you can see all around
the vehicle.
Most modern vehicles have a heated wing mirror
unction. Make sure it works properly and that you
use it. Cracked or damaged glass should be replaced
straight away. To ensure the best all round view you
should:
Wipe clean your mirrors beore every journey
Replace any broken or cracked glass
Ensure that the heater is switched on at all
times to clear mirrors while driving
REMEMBER
!Road salt can build up
quickly because o heated
wing mirrors - wipe your
mirrors regularly
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
Drivers: You are the key!
Printed in the UK on paper containing at least 75% recycled fibre.
FBP1083 Queens Printer and Controller of HMSO 2008.
www.freightbestpractice.org.uk
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Is Your Vehicle Fit
or Purpose?
Vehicle perormance in the winter months can
be as much as 10% poorer than in the summer
months. Winter conditions can mean greater useo equipment such as og lights, screen demisters,
etc. The change rom summer grade diesel uel to
winter grade can also contribute to an increase in
uel consumption o around 3%.
Deects or problems should always be recorded,reported and i necessary, repaired. The Vehicle
Operator Saety Agency (VOSA) has the right to stop
a vehicle at the roadside, carry out spot checks and
issue prohibition notices i necessary.
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4.1 Saety Checks
Vehicle checks should be carried out beore starting
any journey. These should be part o your everyday
responsibilities as a proessional driver.
Drivers are legally responsible or:
Checking the vehicle is roadworthy
Ensuring specied equipment is present and
serviceable
NOT DRIVING the vehicle i major aults are
present
REMEMBER
!Never begin a journeywith a deective warning
device or when a warning
is showing on the
dashboard!
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4.2 FuelMake sure your vehicle has enough uel to cover
any stoppages or holdups you may ace on your
journey. In severe and cold weather you may need
to topup your tanks prior to tackling a potentially
hazardous journey.
4.3 Brakes
When you need to use your brakes they must be
working at their best, in order to protect you and
other road users.
The air brake system draws moisture rom the
atmosphere through an air compressor. Many
modern vehicle designs use an automatic draining
system or the air brakes. Manual systems need
regular draining to keep them sae.
Check to see i your
vehicle has manual or
automatic drainingREMEMBER
!
Air Brakes check your brakes beore every journey:
Charge up your air tanks and turn o the
engine
Listen or leaks in hoses and brake components
Monitor your air tank readouts on the
dashboard
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When coupling up to a dierent trailer,
careully inspect the components visually,
audibly and with a brake test
Beore leaving your rest area or yard, test your
brakes with a simple tap o the brake pedal,
this should draw your vehicle up promptly
!Your stopping distance is
greatly increased in wetand snowy weather
FACT
4.4 Use o ABS
Modern HGV design includes disc brakes on all
axles, typically with AntiLock Braking System (ABS).
This technology is included to assist your input as a
driver NOT to take over or you.
For the saest use o ABS brakes apply the brake,
maintain maximum orce to the pedal as this
ensures that the system works most eectively.
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4.5 Auxiliary Braking Systems
Auxiliary braking systems typically work in the drive
train o the prime mover; exhaust brakes, retarders
and intarders all use systems to slow the drive axles
o the vehicle.
Be aware that in icy and snowy weather there is
potential or skidding or locking up the driveaxle as
the ollowing axles on the vehicle rely wholly on the
drive axles to brake the vehicle.
REMEMBER
!
In slippery conditions
you should try to balance
the use o service and
auxiliary braking systems
FACT!
!
Sympathetic use o service brakes
will increase their operating lie
and ensure better perormance,
also saving you money
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Bad Weather Driving Guide
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4.6 Tyre Conditions
Ensuring that your tyres are in good condition on
both the steering and drive axles during the winter
months is particularly important.
To ensure that you remain within the law and dont
run the risk o a blowout, inspect tyres or damage
and wear beore every journey:
Inspect tread depth across the tyre
Check or correct operating pressure i
equipment is available (i not, plan visits to your
tter or checks oten)
Look or uneven wear on shoulders
Inspect dual tyres or even wear between tyres
Look or damage and cracks
Remove debris trapped in a tyres tread and
between twin tyres
Replace worn or damaged tyres immediately
Flat spots can indicate a locking brake
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4.7 Tyre Pressure
In very cold weather, tyres can appear to be under
infated as the air pressure inside drops with thetemperature.
Regular tyre pressure checks should ensure that as
the weather, temperature and air pressures change
the tyres are operating at the correct pressure.
!
FACT
Sot tyres increase rolling
!resistance and uel is wasted e.g.
a 10 psi all in tyre pressure will
result in a 1% increase in MPG
4.8 Wheel Alignment
The condition o your tyres is the earliest sign
o problems with wheel alignment or potential
damage to wheel hub, axle, suspension or braking
components.
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When a wheel is out o alignment it does not
run inline with the rest o the vehicle
The added drag on the tarmac will typically
wear the tyre aster reducing vehicle
perormance and shortening the lie o the tyre
Tyres which have scrubbed on the shoulder
may be attached to a wheel which is out o
alignment
!FACT!
A wheel out o alignment by just
1 on only one axle could increase
uel consumption by around 5%
4.9 Lights, Markers & Refectors
During bad weather other drivers ability to see your
vehicle is as important as your ability to see other
vehicles.
Make sure that lights
are working all round
your vehicleREMEMBER
!
Drying road salt on the lenses greatly deteriorates
headlight eciency; these may need to be cleaned
regularly to ensure they remain eective.
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!FACT!
When driving at night clean
and ecient headlights reduce
eyestrain and driver atigue!
When using headlights and og lights in very poor
visibility remember to turn them o again when the
weather clears to avoid dazzling other road users.
Side marker lamps must be visible at set intervals
along your vehicle. I snow or ice builds up you must
stop to clean these lights.
Beore every journey and throughout a long journey
in winter months:
Regularly check and clean all onboard lights
Clean debris rom all markers and refectors at
all rest stops and breaks
Replace broken bulbs, light clusters and
refectors BEFORE setting o again
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!
FACT!
I other road users cant see you
they cant avoid you, 22% o all
HGV accidents are as a result o
the driver ailing to look properly!
4.10 Catwalks, Ladders and Trailer BedsSlips, trips and alls are responsible or the greatest
number o accidents in the workplace. During snow
and icy weather you must be extra careul when
walking or climbing on the outside o your vehicle.
Ensure that you have slip resistant ootwear
with good grip
Remove snow and ice on the catwalk behind
the cab
Be careul o ice and snow when walking across
fat or exposed trailer beds in winter weather
Chip ice o ladders, tail lits and ramps BEFORE
attempting to climb on or operate them
Ater cold nights, watch out or ice which may
all rom your vehicle and become a danger to
other road users
!FACT!
Ice alling rom your vehicle
is classed as an insecure load,
you can be prosecuted or
damage it may cause
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4.11 CurtainSided TrailersIn high winds, curtainsided trailers and loose sheeted
fatbed vehicles can be aected by wind damage
more than other vehicle body types. The risk o blow
over is ar higher when operating a curtainsided
trailer due to the air pressure dierence between the
windward and leeward side o the vehicle.
When running a curtainsided trailer empty in high
winds, it may be necessary to tie back the curtains
to avoid a blow over. When making this decision you
must assess the risks involved.
Factors which may be considered in this are tying back
curtains to reduce the wind load on the trailer or i this
is not possible, rerouting away rom high and exposed
routes to minimise risk to you, your vehicle and other
road users and pedestrians.
Damage to curtains and sheets must be repaired
immediately not only to protect your vehicles load but
because loose trim may be hazardous to other road
users.
4.12 Straps and Lashings
I your vehicle is a curtainsided trailer or a fatbed
with sheeted load, you must check your vehicle over
regularly. Ensure there are no loose lashings, chains,
ropes and straps which may break away rom the load
in high winds.
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You should check the condition o your straps,
worn or damaged straps can ail. Replace damaged
equipment at the earliest opportunity. Report any
deected equipment to your Transport Manager.
REMEMBER
It is illegal to drive an
HGV with loose lashings
and chains which may
cause a danger to other
road users
!
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Be Prepared
Beore starting your journey in bad weather, you
should plan your route in detail. Identiy any potential
hazardous locations on the route and where you will
need to stop or rest breaks.
I necessary take advice rom other drivers and your
Transport Manager over issues you may ace on your
journey.
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5.1 Route Planning
Taking 10 minutes to plan your route beore starting
your journey could save you hours out on the road.
Always plan or an alternative route to allow or road
closures during bad weather. When planning a routeduring bad weather try to:
Identiy the locations where there is a risk o
high winds, particularly on high or exposed
routes
Be aware o potential localised road closuresthrough snow gates, food risk, landslip or
other dangers
Always prepare or a suitable diversion route
!FACT! Getting lost causes stress,wastes uel and money
5.2 Radio Advice or the Route Ahead
Your best deence against getting lost or stuck in
trac is orward planning. Local radio is one o the
best and most up to date methods o monitoring
weather and trac. You can tune your incab radio
by:
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Using the Trac Report (TP) or Trac
Announcement (TA) button, this unction can
tune into local as well as national trac reports
More modern radios also eature the Trac
Inormation Memory (TIM) unction which canbe set up to record trac announcements
beore your journey
5.3 Variable Message Signs (VMS)
Variable Message Signs (VMS) are used to transer shortmessages to road users and provide accurate and up
to date inormation on local trac delays.
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REMEMBER
!in bad weather listen to
the radio and watch VMS
signs or trac reports!
5.4 Internet and RSS Services
A number o Internet based trac and weather
services are available. Some examples are:
Trafc Scotland:
http://www.tracscotland.org/trac.aspx
Trafc England:http://www.tracengland.com/
Met Ofce:http://www.metoce.gov.uk/weather/uk/
5.5 Satellite Navigation
Some satellite navigation equipment has builtin or
optional realtime trac updates. You can only use
one i it is available. It could save you lost miles, time
and money.
5.6 Pack Your Bags
During bad weather you should prepare or delays
and the possibility that you could have to spend
longer in the vehicle than normal. You should be
prepared to bring with you:
http://www.trafficscotland.org/traffic.aspxhttp://www.trafficengland.com/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/uk/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/uk/http://www.trafficengland.com/http://www.trafficscotland.org/traffic.aspx8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
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Warm jacket
Gloves and hat
Winter boots
Spare clothing
Bottles o water
Extra ood and a fask o warm drink
A blanket
Mobile phone and charger
FACT!
!Training and preparationis vital. Dont go out in severe
weather conditions without
being properly prepared
5.7 Rest Stops & Breaks
Plan your rest stops and breaks ahead o travelling.
When operating in bad weather make sure you have
a plan or suitable places to park your vehicle in the
event o the weather closing in and preventing youronward progress.
During bad weather you should always have a
secondary route planned. A journey you consider
simple on a ne day can result in signicant
additional time and mileage during bad weather.
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5.8 Fixed Diversion Routes
Fixed diversion routes are shown through the use o
trac signs and VMS
messaging. Typical
situations where re
routing may occur are
the closures o bridgecrossings due to high
winds or accidents.
REMEMBER
!I you have to ollow a
fxed diversion routemake sure it is suitable or
your vehicle type!
5.9 Own Choice Diversion
Where you know rom experience that high and
exposed routes are likely to be closed or very
treacherous, make sure that you plan a diversionary
route suitable to your vehicle. Stop and take your
time to plan ahead using Maps, Atlases or SatNav.
REMEMBER
!Your vehicle height isdisplayed in your cab,
but dont orget to
check the specifcs o
your trailer or load
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5.10 Getting StuckI you do get stuck in snow or in a trac hold up, you
may have to park up until snow ploughs can clear
a route or an accident has been removed rom the
carriageway. When you park up or the night or to take
a rest period, make sure you do so in a sae and legal
place.
REMEMBER
!In these circumstances
ollow the requests o any
ocial at the location
5.11 Ater your Diversion Route
Once you rejoin your original route, DO NOT be
tempted to push past the legal driving hours just to
make up mileage, drivers hours are still mandatoryeven under exceptional circumstances.
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Appendix
Freight Best Practice
Tel: 0845 877 0 877
www.reightbestpractice.org.uk/scotland
Health and Saety Executive (HSE)
Tel: 08701 545 500
www.hse.gov.uk
Driving at work managing workrelated road
saety (HSE)
Health and saety in road haulage (HSE)
Workplace Transport Saety (HSE)WorkSmart videos or workplace transport (HSE)
Department or Transport (DT)
Tel: 020 7944 8300
www.dt.gov.uk
Saety o Loads on Vehicles Code o Practice (DT)
Work related road saety (DT)
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA)
Tel: 0870 606 0440
www.vosa.gov.uk
Drivers hours and tachograph rules or goods
vehicles in the UK (VOSA)
Your guide to ABS and EBS (VOSA)
Guide to maintaining roadworthiness (VOSA)
Check it out DVD (VOSA)
http://www.freightbestpractice.org.uk/scotlandhttp://www.hse.gov.uk/http://www.dft.gov.uk/http://www.vosa.gov.uk/http://www.vosa.gov.uk/http://www.dft.gov.uk/http://www.hse.gov.uk/http://www.freightbestpractice.org.uk/scotland8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
42/44
8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
43/44
8/7/2019 FBP 1113 Bad Weather Pocket Guide rev 3_final_LR
44/44
Freight Best Practice publications, including those listed below, can be
obtained FREE of charge by calling the Hotline on 0845 877 0 877 or by
downloading them from the website www.freightbestpractice.org.uk
SavingFUEL PerformanceMANAGEMENT
Fuel Saving Tips
This handy pocket guide is ideal for
drivers and managers looking for
simple ways to reduce fuel
consumption.
CaseSTUDIESCompanies and Drivers Benefitfrom SAFED for HGVs: ASelection of Case Studies
This selection of case studies
describes the benefits experienced by15 companies and their drivers who
have taken part in the Safe and Fuel
Efficient Driving (SAFED) scheme.
Equipment & SYSTEMSTelematics for Efficient RoadFreight Operations
This guide provides imformation on
the basic ingredients of telematics
systems, highlights how to use this
technology, the information obtained
from it and how to select the right
system for your needs.
Fleet Performance ManagementTool Incorporating CO2 Calculator
This tool has been designed to help
fleet operators improve their
operational efficiency using key
performance indicators (KPIs) to
measure and manage performance.
KPIs include costs, operational,service, compliance, maintenance
and environmental.
Transport Operators Pack-TOPTOP provides practical every day
support material to help operators
implement best practice in the
workplace and acts in direct support of
tasks essential to running a successful
fuel management programme.
DevelopingSKILLSDrive It! DVD
A 25 minute driver focussed DVD
helping to inform and educate on
methods of improving efficiency. It
contains several examples and case
studies of how companies improved
their own operational efficiency.
http://www.freightbestpractice.org.uk/http://www.freightbestpractice.org.uk/Recommended