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Family Systems Therapy
Dr. Alfred Adler
Dr. Murray Bowen
Dr. Virginia Satir
Dr. Carl Whitaker
Dr. Salvador Minuchin
Dr. Jay Haley
Dr. Cloe’ Madanes (Haley)
Basic Assumption
Serve a purpose for the family Conflict
Be a function of the family’s inability to operate productively The Cause
Be handed down across generations
Primary Goal of Therapy
To bring about change in the family system, which is assumed to produce change in the individual members of that family unit…
Adlerian Family Therapy
Basic Assumption: Both parents and children become stuck in repetitive negative interactions, which become motivators for the type of behavior displayed by the entire family…
EX: Arguing, Tobacco & Alcohol Use, Trouble with authority, etc…
Family Power & Authority
P
F
1 2 3 1 32
P
F
TYPICALTYPICAL DYSFUNCTIONALDYSFUNCTIONAL
2
Decision
Maker
Decision
Maker
Role of Therapist
The role of the therapist is that of a “Collaborator” who actually seeks to join the family unit…
Goals of Adlerian Family Therapy Unlock mistaken goals and interactional
patterns Engage parents in a learning experience
and joint assessment Of the family
Place emphasis on the family’s motivational patterns What makes them tick
To initiate a reorientation of the family Teach them new ways
Multi-Generational Family Therapy: Murray Bowen
Bowen the original developer of mainstream family therapy
A family can be best understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective…
Basic Concept of Differentiation of Self & Triangulation
Differentiation of SelfThe psychological separation of
intellect and emotion and independence of self from others
TriangulationEliciting the support of a third
party to lessen emotional tension between other family members
Central
To
Therapy Model
Multi-Generational Goals
To change the individuals within the system To end generation-to-generation
transmission of problems by resolving emotional attachment
To lessen anxiety and relieve symptoms To increase the individual member’s level of
differentiation
Human Validation Process Model: Virginia Satir
Her approach emphasizes: Communication Emotional Experiencing And, stresses the involvement of the
therapist with a family
The model is called: “Con-Joint Family Therapy”
Validation Process
Enhancement and validation of self-esteem Family Rules Congruence and openness in communication Sculpting Nurturing Triads Family Mapping and Chronologies
Goals of Conjoint Therapy Open Communication
Individuals are allowed to honestly report their perceptions
Enhancement of Self-Esteem Family decisions are based on individual
needs Encouragement of Growth
Differences are acknowledged Transforming extreme rules into useful and
functional rules Families have many spoken and unspoken
rules
Experiential Family Therapy:Carl Whitaker
Choice Freedom Self-Determination Growth Self-Actualization
This approach stresses:
Therapist Emphasis
Unmask pretense, create new meaning, and liberate family members
Techniques are secondary Creates family turmoil
Phases of Family Therapy
Engagement Involvement Disentanglement
Goals of Experiential Family Therapy
Individual autonomy Achieve more intimacy Encourage free expression Promote spontaneity, creativity, the
ability to play, and the willingness to be “Crazy”
Structural Family Therapy:Salvador Minuchin
An approach to understanding the nature of the family, the presenting problem, and the process of change…
An approach that stresses action over insight…
Family Structure
Basic Family Family Sub-Systems
Spousal sub-system Mother/father sub-system Sibling sub-system Extended family sub-system
Strategic Family Therapy: Jay Haley
Focus is on solving problems in the present
Therapy is brief Therapist designs strategies Change results when family follows
therapist directions
Goals of Therapy
Resolve presenting problem Change Behavior Shift family organization Move family toward an appropriate
stage of development
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