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Fair Use and Citing Sources
Writing Consultant PresentationEG 1003: Intro to Engineering and DesignNYU’s Polytechnic School of Engineering
Fair Use and Citing Sources
What is fair use?
Citation style that respects fair use
Resources for more information
Profit from their words or images
Permit others to reproducetheir work
Create “derivative works” (summaries, movies, translations, etc.)
Perform or display in public
Creators get automatic rights
Without quoting (making a derivative) … research and public conversation cease
Criticism, review, commentary, parody, news reports are important to free society
Some copyright infringements are worthwhile
Rationale for “fair use”
Court defense against infringement No strict definition exists:“There is no specific number of words, lines,
or notes that may safely be taken without permission. Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission”1
Not itself a right
What is “fair use”?
1 U.S. Copyright Office, “Fair Use,” retrieved 20 January 2011 from copyright.gov.
1.In the context of commentary, scholarly report, review, or parody
2.Only a small portion of entire text or picture
3.Cannot harm the market for the work
4.Must indicate source
Conditions for fair use defense
Fair Use and Citing Sources
What is fair use?
Citation style that respects fair use
Resources for more information
Indicate when you use an idea outside your own experience with quote marks or citation
Take only brief passages and cite the source so reader can verify original
Use only a portion of pictures in context of commentary or review
Exploit free clipart or create your own
Issues related to EG 1003
Basis of many systems, including IEEE and APASimple to implement: • Author’s last name and year in text• Full bibliographic information at end
Use for all outside sources:• EG 1003 Lab Manual• Web pages• News reports• Dictionaries • Textbooks
Author-date citation system
Using a lead-in phrase
Original Text
A large number of production facilities in many industries use processes in which heat is transferred between different fluids. The basic principle of heat transfer is extremely simple[;] two fluids at different temperatures are placed in contact with a conductive barrier (the tube wall) and heat is transferred from the hotter fluid to the colder fluid until they reach the same temperature level. In industrial processes this is carried out in heat exchangers of various types and styles usually purpose built for the process and site conditions of the application.
HRS Heat Exchangers, “Heat Transfer Fundamentals,” hrs-heatexchangers.com, 2011.
Quote
According to HRS Heat Exchangers(2011), a “large number” of industrial processes use heat transfer. Heat exchangers are “purpose built for the process and site conditions of the application.”
Paraphrase
According to HRS Heat Exchangers (2011), many industries use simple heat transfer processes where a barrier between fluids conducts heat until equilibrium is reached.
Using a parenthetical citation
Original Text
A large number of production facilities in many industries use processes in which heat is transferred between different fluids. The basic principle of heat transfer is extremely simple[;] two fluids at different temperatures are placed in contact with a conductive barrier (the tube wall) and heat is transferred from the hotter fluid to the colder fluid until they reach the same temperature level. In industrial processes this is carried out in heat exchangers of various types and styles usually purpose built for the process and site conditions of the application.
HRS Heat Exchangers, “Heat Transfer Fundamentals,” hrs-heatexchangers.com, 2011.
Quote
A “large number” of industrial processes use heat transfer. Heat exchangers are “purpose built for the process and site conditions of the application” (HRS Heat Exchangers 2011).
Paraphrase
Many industries use simple heat transfer processes where a barrier between fluids conducts heat until equilibrium is reached (HRS Heat Exchangers 2011).
Anderson, Nick. 26 January 2011. “U.S. Students Falling Short
in Science.” Washington Post. Accessed 27 January 2011
from washingtonpost.com.
HRS Heat Exchangers. 2011. “Heat Transfer Fundamentals,”
Accessed 20 January 2011 from hrs-heatexchangers.com.
Polytechnic Institute of NYU. 2011. “Lab 10: Heat Transfer and
Thermal Insulation.” EG 1003 Online Lab Manual. Accessed
20 January 2011 from manual.eg.poly.edu.
Welty, James R. 2008. Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat,
and Mass Transfer. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Works cited section for end of report
Works Cited
Anderson, Nick. 26 January 2011. “U.S. Students Falling Short
in Science.” Washington Post. Accessed 27 January 2011
from washingtonpost.com.
HRS Heat Exchangers. 2011. “Heat Transfer Fundamentals,”
Accessed 20 January 2011 from hrs-heatexchangers.com.
Polytechnic Institute of NYU. 2011. “Lab 10: Heat Transfer and
Thermal Insulation.” EG 1003 Online Lab Manual. Accessed
20 January 2011 from manual.eg.poly.edu.
Welty, James R. 2008. Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat,
and Mass Transfer. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Works cited section for end of report
Alphabetic by last name
Year of publication (date when possible)
Web articles: access date but not full URL
Portion of longer work; has corporate author
Books include city and publisher
① In-text citation: Whenever outside ideas come into a report Use both with quotes and your own words
② Works Cited section: List of all sources Separate section at end of report Enough information to check the original
Cite sources twice in reports
Audience cannot turn to end of report
Best practice is to have handout with sources
Without handout, include both in-text citations and works cited info on the slide
According to Nick Anderson, almost two-thirds of U.S. students cannot explain heat transfer1
Slides are a different animal
1 Anderson, Nick. 26 January 2011. “U.S. Students Falling Short in Science.” Washington Post. Accessed 27 January 2011 from washingtonpost.com.
Fair Use and Citing Sources
What is fair use?
Citation style that respects fair use
Resources for more information
Chicago Manual of Style Online“Citation Quick Guide”http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
Purdue Online Writing Lab“Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition” http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/
NYU-Poly Writing Center(718) 260-3425tutoring@poly.edu
More information on author-date
Style nam
e Disciplines Quick guide
CSE Biology, chemistry, physics
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch11_s1-0002.html
IEEE EE, CS http://www.ieee.org/documents/stylemanual.pdf
APA Social Sciences http://www.apastyle.org
Other documentation systems
Fair Use and Citing Sources
What is fair use?
Citation style that respects fair use
Resources for more information
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