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EditorialFailure Mechanisms and Damage Modelling forAdvanced Materials
Francesco Caputo,1 Carlos Navarro,2 and Paulo M. S. T. de Castro3
1Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy2University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla, Spain3FEUP, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, Porto, Portugal
Correspondence should be addressed to Francesco Caputo; francesco.caputo@unina2.it
Received 25 September 2017; Accepted 26 September 2017; Published 16 November 2017
Copyright © 2017 Francesco Caputo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
Advanced materials are widely used in several engineeringapplications, involving primary and secondary structures,especially where high specific strength plays a critical factorfor designers. Advanced materials applications can be foundin both military and civilian fields, such as aerospace, auto-motive, and building, and there is no shortage of applicationsin medical and sport equipment. However, despite theirgreat advantages, their application is limited by many criticalaspects, such as the fact that they are prone to differenttypologies of defects and damage respect to conventionalmaterials. Many of such defects and damage can be verycritical for structures, because theymay be invisible and causea significant decrease of the residual strength. Developingfurther knowhow about understanding failure mechanismsin advanced materials, due to phenomena such as impacts,fatigue, creep, and stress corrosion, is mandatory to buildup a safe and efficient structure. For such reasons, beforeemploying new materials in structures, several tests areusually carried out. Static, corrosion, impact, fatigue, highstrain rate, and several other tests are usually carried out atboth coupon and full scale component in order to understandthe behaviour and to increase the structural performance.As a matter of the fact, the knowledge about the onset andevolution failure mechanisms in advanced materials is stillnot enough to face properly the design phase. Hence, duringthe design current practice, in order to fill the knowledge gapabout the ability in predicting the failures, structural compo-nents are usually oversized. Such design strategy allows thestructure to tolerate damage so its structural health is notcompromised under the real loading conditions, according
to a damage tolerance design philosophy. As a result, the sci-entific community is aimed to develop analytical, empirical,and semiempirical models able to predict the failure mecha-nisms under different loading conditions and nondestructiveexaminations, inspections, and evaluations which are widelyperformed to achieve all possible information about thefailure mechanisms in order to develop predicting models.Achieving detailed information about such mechanisms is anecessary condition to design a safe and an efficient structure.
In more detail, the state of the art is full of atomistic mod-els related to several types of failures, efficient for specific testcases. However, failure prediction knowledge at macro-scalelever is still poor. Empirical analyses and analytical modelsare often developed and used to describe failure mechanismat micro-scale level. The challenge is to transfer such detailedinformation to higher scales in order to reproduce thestructural behaviour of a real component. Different tools are,in fact, used to achieve constitutive damage law atmicro-scalelevel to implement inside macro-scale models able to predictthe structural behaviour of a specific structure. In fact, thanksto the current computational power, multiscale numericalmodels are developed in order to simulate the behaviour ofcomponents, assemblies, and whole structures under bothreal and critical loading conditions, before proceeding to themanufacturing.
The present special issue contains original researchand review articles that seek to address modelling andoptimizing structural behaviour and damage of advancedmaterials. Among the areas emphasized in the specialissue are case histories; sample calculations of practical
HindawiAdvances in Materials Science and EngineeringVolume 2017, Article ID 6910685, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6910685
2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
design problems; material characterization procedures; fail-ure mechanisms assessment of critical components; stochas-tic modelling; propagationmechanisms; effect of microstruc-ture and defects on fatigue behaviour; life prediction andremaining useful life estimation. The papers submitted bythe authors have been subjected to the normal journal peer-review process. Special topics include but are not limited tocontinuummechanics, crack propagation, criteria for fatigueand fracture, multiphysics damage modelling and analysis,effect of process and design parameters on fatigue resistance,life prediction and remaining useful life estimation, scaleeffect and structural failure, and ageing.
Francesco CaputoCarlos Navarro
Paulo M. S. T. de Castro
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