FACILITY OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE STORMWATER...

Municipal Stormwater Workshop - Winter 2015

FACILITY OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE

STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES Pennsylvania Environmental Council

Presenter: Liz Feinberg, Calvan Environmental

William Penn Foundation and City of Philadelphia

(Music: Great Rain, John Prine)

Agenda

Background+,+Common+Stormwater+Pollutants+

Stormwater+Pollu6on+Preven6on+and+Good+Housekeeping+Management+Prac6ces++

Stormwater+Facility+Maintenance+and+Land+Management+Tips

Federal Clean Water Act

Goal:&&Clean+rivers+and+creeks+

Why:&&&&

»Fishable&»Swimmable&

»Drinkable&How…by&controlling:&

»Urban&Stormwater&Runoff&

»Agricultural&Runoff&» Industrial/WWTP&Discharges&

»Mine&Drainage&

Pollution transported by storm

water into storm drains and streams is a major source of

water pollution in the U.S.

Streets and Highways - Sidewalks - Shopping Centers - Parking

Lots - Rooftops - Lawns - Parks - Ballfields - Gas Stations -

Commercial and Industrial sites

“Prevent pollutants from washing off

land and into storm sewers and

streams”

Sediment

Nutrients Oil & Grease

Bacteria

Trash

toxic CHEMICALS

ChLorides

Com

mon Storm

water Pollutants

SedimentStream+Sedimenta6on&=&water&polluHon&=&excessive&dirt&accumulaHon&in&stream&beds&clogs&channels&and&buries&freshwater&habitat&where&fish/aquaHc&organisms&live&and&reproduce.&

Eroding&banks

nutrient pollution

Excess Phosphorus & Nitrogen cause

damaging algae blooms that deplete streams of

oxygen needed by fish.

Oil and Grease

250,000 Gallons !of Water can be

contaminated by a One Quart of Oil

trash

toxics = ORGANICS & HEAVY METALS

Chemicals Solvents & Degreasers Anti-Freeze, Hydraulic Fluid, Coolant, Brake Fluid

Lubricants & Grease Paints & Coatings Pesticides & Herbicides Detergents & Degreasers

Chlorides in road salt Stream salinization

Chlorides easily migrate into our waterways Not easily removed once dissolved

Degrades drinking water quality & taste Aquatic toxicity in freshwater streams Saline water is more corrosive

Stormwater

Pollution Prevention

Good Housekeeping Practices

for

Public Works

PART I

Common Sources:Public+Works+Yards+Fueling+&+Cleaning+Motorized+Equipment+Road+Repair+and+Clearing+Equipment+Storage+&+Maintenance+Deicing+Pain6ng+&+Coa6ng+

Fleet+Management+Property,+Park+&+Facility+Maintenance+Trash+management+Mowing+&+Mulching+Landscape+Management+Compos6ng

Facility Inventory

Operation & Maintenance Plan

Training

What does this mean…Know Your BMPs

Permit Requirements for MCM6:

Keep&an&eye&on&it&No&ToppingROff&Cleanup&spills&immediately&

Prevent&fuels&from&entering&storm&drains

Vehicle Fueling BMPs

Prevent exposure to rain when filling up

Don’t hose down fueling areas

Routinely wipe down spigots & ports using damp cloth

Clean fuel dispensing areas using dry cleaning methods

When refueling off site employ pollution prevention measures…

– spill cleanup supplies on hand – away from inlets and waterways

Fueling - Rules of Thumb

NOTE:&&FUEL+TANKS:+» on&concrete&pad&» elevated&off&the&ground&» overfill&prevenHon&system&» secondary&containment

Vehicle Fueling

PA DEP Press Release, 1/5/15, “fined Montour County site…fuel tanks had been overfilled and cap was not properly secured to a tank riser pipe. Another incident…overfill device had malfunctioned and drain plug had been left open in the containment structure surrounding the tank…” … “spills that degraded wetland and two creeks could have been prevented with proper facility maintenance and monitoring”

Vehicle Maintenance

Damaged Vehicles & Machinery Storage:

Steer clear of storm drains

Indoors or under cover

Collect and contain leaking fluids

Use drip pan as a precaution

Empty drip pans as needed

Report damage/leaks to supervisor

Vehicle MaintenanceMaterial Handling:

Be smart when pouring haz. mat Proper storage Adhere to disposal practices

– Parts Washing – Waste Oil

Know where to find MSDS’s Know proper procedures

– Indoors or under cover – On impervious surface – Labeled containers – Secondary containment

» Batteries

» Coolant

» Degreasers/Solvents

» Oil

» Used Filters & Rags

the ”GOOD”, the ”BAD” or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

1. Protect+Inlets+Immediately++– Prevent&fluids&from&entering&storm&drains&&

– Prevent&fluids&from&entering&streets&&&streams&&

– Know&the&locaHon&of&all&storm&inlets&&

– Know&where&the&Spill+Kit&is&stored&

2. Locate&Spill&Cleanup&Supplies&3. Apply&absorbent&&

4. Pickup&and&Dispose&of&Spent+Absorbent&5. Reapply&absorbent&if&needed

Don’t be a drip…Clean Up Spills

the ”GOOD”, the ”BAD” or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Absorbents: What’s the Scoop?

» Fuel&» Transmission&Fluid&» AnHRFreeze&» Paint&» Solvents&» PesHcides&

Vehicle MaintenanceWhen+transferring+fluids:+

Employ&safe&and&effecHve&methods&Use&designated&staHons&(i.e.,&parts&washing&staHon)&Stay&away&from&storm&drains&Take&precauHons&to&prevent&spillage&Consider&using&secondary&container&or&catchment&Cleanup&using&dry&absorbents&Wipe&down&ports&&&containers&Know&procedures&before&you&pour

the ”GOOD”, the ”BAD” or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Vehicle Washing

• Routine wipe down • Use designated wash

station • Follow procedures • Avoid excessive detergent • Ensure wash-water goes to

designated location

Vehicle washing pollutants: oil, grease,

dirt/sediment, detergents, surfactants,

phosphates, heavy metals

NOTE: Managing washwater volume is critical to prevent environmental degradation.

Biological+Treatment+Op6ons

Bioretention and Biofiltration Basins

» Plants can absorb heavy metals and nutrients » Bugs and microorganisms breakdown & decompose

hydrocarbons

Lower&Providence&Township

Structural+“Treatment”+Op6ons

Hydra-cleanPhysically&trap&grit&and&dirt&parHcles&

Capture&oil&and&petroleum&products

Wash-water Recycling System

Highly-engineered to capture and clean wastewater for reuse.

The Taj Mahal

• “Phosphate,free”+is+beYer+on+the+environment.+

• Citrus,based+cleaners+are+preferable&– nonRtoxic&– no&chlorinated&/&petroleumRbased&ingredients&– &Biodegradable&=&breaks&down&naturally&by&bacteria&in&a&reasonable&Hmeframe&– Absence&of&fumes&beber&indoor&air&quality&– Note:&Citrus+Oil&needed&for&most&industrial&uses&to&avoid&rust&

• Aqueous+Cleaners&(&“waterRbased”&)&are&preferable&

• Read&Labels&and&Refer&to&Material+Safety+Date+Sheet&(MSDS)

The deal with detergents…

A+big+job+,+Black+Roads+without+degrading+streams+and+drinking+water+quality.++Public+Safety+First.

Winter Roads

we toss more than 20 million tons of sodium chloride on our roadways every winter. That's about 13 times more salt than is used by the entire food processing industry (PDF). Salt lowers the freezing temperature of water and thus melts street-clogging snow and ice. But its public safety benefits do come with some ecological drawbacks.

Choride in local creeks elevated in winter months following precipitation

0.0#

20.0#

40.0#

60.0#

80.0#

100.0#

120.0#

0#

200#

400#

600#

800#

1000#

1200#

1400#

1600#

1800#

2000#

2/1# 2/6# 2/11# 2/16# 2/21# 2/26# 3/3# 3/8#

Es#m

ated

)Discharge)(cfs))

Chlorid

e)(m

g/l))

Date)/)Time)

CMC)=)860)mg/l)

CCC)=)230)mg/l)

Blue line = Precipitation Flow = Chloride Detections

• Avoid overfilling&• Make&sure&spreaders working properly • Adjust “load-throw” as you go, based

on real-time condition • Only last truck salts in Plow Train • Where did you Dump Back

– Avoid stream crossings – Go back and sweep up

• Obtain upper management direction

Salting

Salt+the+Earth…+Wisely

• Be aware of sensitive areas – well head protection – drinking water recharge – reservoirs – wetlands & streams

• Reduce application rates when possible - safety

Road Salting

Minimize+Impacts+to+Water+Supplies:

• Salt+Brine+Pre,treatment+++improves+effec6veness+of+salt+(30%+less+salt)+++reduces+scaYer+++lowers+freezing+point+

• Beet+Juice+++Salt+++Proven+effec6veness+in+our+region+++Bio,Degradable+,+no+harmful+residual+++Less+corrosive+

Winter Roads

Alterna6ve+Ice,Figh6ng+Tools:$1000/truck&to&retrofit&with&tank&&&spray&equipment&(E.&Bradford&Twp)

Last&winter&in&E.&Bradford&“No&Call&Backs.”&West&Goshen&DPW&“a&world&of&

difference”

Material Storage & Handling:

Outside&floodplain&&Away&from&inlets&Cover&and&contain&supplies&Keep&material&dry&Sweep&during&and&ager&operaHons

Winter Roads

Pollution Prevention

Good Housekeeping Practices other

Municipal Operations &

Activities

Waste Handling• Bag and Dispose solid

waste properly - inside the dumpster

• Use sturdy bags • “Keep a Lid on It” • Report/Replace lids not

functioning

• Lock dumpsters as needed • Recommend new

receptacles where needed • Sweep up waste storage

area• Avoid hosing down waste

storage area

the GOOD, the BAD or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Parking Lots and Work Yards• Regularly sweep • Run street cleaner

around the lot • Keep drains litter-free • Inspect & Clean-out

storm pipes & drains

… heavy solids sink

Water

…oil floats

Oil-Grit Separator

the GOOD, the BAD or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Report&and&respond&to&problems&

Ensure&procedures&are&being&followed&

Communicate&procedures&to&contractors&/&delivery&personnel&when&needed&

Cleanup&rouHnely&and&as&needed

Loading+and+Unloading

Stockpiles, Staging & Storage

Outside floodplains

Away from inlets

Cover and contain

Prevent direct contact with rain/run-on – Away from drainage pathways

– Elevate off the ground

Sweep up

Set yourself up for success – Plan ahead, discuss options, have

supplies on-hand (i.e., tarps, etc.)

Compos6ng

Manage runoff from compost operations

Control leachate runoff

What BMPs are needed to control runoff

Properly dispose non-degradables

Construction & Earth DisturbanceErosion&&&Sediment&(E&S)&Controls&properly&installed?&

Inspect&E&S&regularly&&&ager&major&storms&&

CleanRout&&&maintain&E&S&

Ensure&site/earth&is&stabilized&before&E&S&removal

the GOOD, the BAD or the UGLY

What do Y

ou Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Pollution Prevention (P2) Pays:

PrevenHng&spills&avoids&cleanup&&&remediaHon&costs&

Lowers&liability&

Reduces&Insurance&Claims&

Avoids&fines&

Clean Streets, Clean StreamsSet An Example…

- Take Ten -

Stormwater Management Facilities

Inspection and Maintenance

&

Park and Open Space

Watershed Protection Tips

PART II

Inlets&/&Storm&Sewers&Conveyances&(drainage&channels,&pipes,&swales)&Stormwater&Basins&Oujalls&R&where&stormwater&discharges&into&creeks&&Other&Stormwater&Treatment&Structures&&&Devices&» Naturalized&Basins,&Extended&DetenHon&Basins&» Rain&Gardens,&BioinfiltraHon&Gardens&»Water&Quality&Inserts/Traps/Filters&

Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System “MS4”

Stormwater Inlets - know where they are!

Routine Inlet Clean-out

the GOOD, the BAD or the UGLYW

hat do You Think?

What do Y

ou Think?

Water Quality Inserts (oil-grit separator, stormceptor)

CAUTION:&detergents&containing&surfactants&that&emulsify&oils&to&in&the&cleaning&process&can&hinder&oilRgrit&separator&performance&by&flushing&out&accumulated&oil.&

» Any&at&your&yard?&» Where&are&they&» What’s&the&inspecHon&frequency?&

» Know&cleanRout&procedures.&

» Is&grit&chamber&filled?&&» Is&an&engineering&inspecHon&needed&to&ensure&proper&funcHon?&&

» Report&concerns&or&problems&

Basins

A basin by any other name is still a…”BASIN”

However…&basins&are&not&all&created&equal

»Draining properly, “per design”?

» If not, why not?

»Are outlets clogged

»Excessive litter in basin?

Basin Matters

Basins…

» Are basin berms or sidewalls stable and sound?

» Are basin banks undermined?

» Is basin bottom being eroded?

Basins…» Condition of vegetation? » Can you see the inlet and outlet structures? Are they

overgrown? » Invasive weeds?

If there’s erosion, what’s the cause?

Basins…

If basin repairs are needed:

Retrofit

improve performance

Benefits:

1- Slow flow thru basin

2 - Retain more runoff

3 - Helps reduce flooding

3- Plants filter pollutants

BeforeBasin Retrofit, Upper Dublin Township

After

Naturalized Extended Detention Basin

Naturalized Basin,

Upper Dublin Township

Benefits:

1- Plants trap & filter pollutants

2- Microorganisms & amphibians mean healthy ecosystem

Naturalized Basin

Conventional Dry Basin

Basin Retrofit, Malvern Borough

Before

After1- Retain more runoff

2- Increase evaporation

» Pipes & conveyances in good condition?

» Signs of pollution (stains, corrosion, odors)?

» What’s condition of receiving stream & bank (i.e. undercut, scour, erosion or sedimentation)?

Stormwater Outfalls

More Best Management Practices for controlling stormwater runoff and protecting our

watersheds

Rain Gardens1. Roof and runoff is directed

into garden

2. Deep Roots stabilize soils, promote infiltration, absorb water

3. Native Plants tolerate wet and dry soil

4. Earth berms retain water in the garden during rains

Benefits:&DeepRroots&more&effecHvely&break&through&hard&ground&and&improve&soil&porosity&More&rain&and&stormwater&can&soak&into&the&ground&More&pollutants&get&trapped&and&filtered&More&nutrients&absorbed&Prevent&soil&and&stream&bank&erosion

Some Roots Run Deep…some don’t

=&turf&

Rain Garden, Solebury Township

Rain Garden

Adhere&to&“No&Mow”&signs&

Know&cumng&regime&&» 1R2&a&year&&» Proper&equipment&

Hard&Mowed&Edge&or&fence&can&improve&awareness&prevent&damage

Meadows: a Stormwater BMP

Aiden&Lair&Park,&Upper&Dublin&Township

Riparian Buffer, Malvern Borough

Riparian Buffers: a Stormwater BMP

Meadow and Riparian Buffer

Riparian Buffer and Meadow

Limit&salt&dispersion&onto&soil&and&landscape&to&protect&plant&health&and&prevent&soil&compacHon&&

Temporarily&reRroute&eroded&open&space&trails&and&paths&

Restore&eroded&soils&&» Add&compost&&&amendments&» Improve&stormwater&management

Soil Protection and Conservation: A Stormwater BMP

Mulch&suppresses&weed&growth&in&beds,&but&avoid&mounding&at&base&of&the&trunk

Healthy Trees: a BMP

Avoid the “mulch volcano"

Porous Pavement: a BMP

Know&which&surfaces&are&porous&pavement&(i.e.,&infiltrate&stormwater)&Regular&inspecHon&&&cleaning&required&RouHne&vacuum&cleaning&required&Don’t&apply&cinders&or&sand&Don’t&store&or&stage&materials&on&or&upslope&&– Prevent&clogging&R&protect&

porosity&&&– Avoid&hazmat&handling&on&porous&

Penn Alexander School, Philadelphia Playground

This is conventional asphalt (see puddles)

This is porous asphalt

The eyes of the community…

» Note and report problems observed

» Consider and identify improvements

» Share solutions to reoccurring problems

» Participate in inspections to learn

» Review design drawings and maintenance documents

End- Thank You -