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Extremity TraumaExtremity Trauma
AnatomyAnatomy
•Bones
•Joints
•Nerves
•Soft tissue
Types of InjuriesTypes of Injuries
•Fractures - open, closed
•Dislocations
•Amputations
•Sprains/Strains
•Impaled Objects
Sprains and StrainsSprains and Strains
• Sprains - tearing or stretching of ligament.
• Strain - stretching and tearing of muscle.
• Assess the injured site.
• History - was there any sound?
Open vs ClosedOpen vs Closed Fracture Fracture
Sign and Symptoms of Open Sign and Symptoms of Open FractureFracture
• Discoloration of the skin.
• Bone is penetrating out of skin.
• Swelling.
• Bleeding.
• Sometimes there may be a loss of distal pulse.
Sign and Symptoms of Closed Sign and Symptoms of Closed FractureFracture
• Swelling
• Discoloration
• Contusion
• No external bleeding
• Sometimes loss of distal pulse
Management of a FractureManagement of a Fracture
• Primary assessment.• Check for a pulse above and below the injury.• Immobilize in the position found.• Reassess the pulse. • Ice / cold pack ( not directly on the skin).• Elevate if practical.
AmputationAmputation
• Some amputation can be life threatening.
• Often the bleeding is easily controlled by applying a pressure dressing to the stump.
• Care of the amputated limb.
Care of the Amputated LimbCare of the Amputated Limb
• Wrap the limb in clean, moist dressing.
• Place in bag
-- name -- time • Place on ice or in cold water.
“DON’T FORGET TO
SEND IT WITH THE PATIENT”
AssessmentAssessment
• Mechanism of Injury
• Primary Survey
• Vital Signs
• History
• Secondary Assessment
• Look for the Amputated Part
Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms•CLAPS / TICS-D •Bleeding
•Increased heart rate
•Increased respiratory rate •Hypotension
•Hypoxia
•Pale skin
Rules of SplintingRules of Splinting
• Pulse check above and below• Immobilize in the position found or most
comfortable • Open fractures - lightly cover bone• Reassess the pulses• RICE
Rules of SplintingRules of Splinting
• R - rest
• I - immobilize
• C - cold
• E- elevate
ManagementManagement•Airway + C-spine immobilization prone
•High concentration O2
•Treat for shock
•Cover open wounds
•Splint/Immobilize
•Keep amputated part cold and moist
•Transport
SummarySummary
• These types of injuries are very painful.• Be careful not to cause more pain. • Circulation checks. • Management of these injuries are the same.
Questions ????Questions ????
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