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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
1/26
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Js~elyfb` Oztefo Jb}yj~yjbjzyt ablpejm`j gbm ztg`j lh
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`gfbjm zbfxjytge gddj~}gbdj iv }cj ~jl~ej gdyltt }cj plyem" Iv il}c
Oztefot gbm blb Oztefot" G pjee/jt}gieftcjm lh Ftegofd hfbgbdfge tvt}jocgt jbdlzyg`jm }cj Oztefo gbm }cj blb Oztefo }l ztj }cj ~ylmzd}t gbm
tjyxfdjt lhhjy }l }cjo% pcfdc getl fbdezmj hfbgbdfb`" ]cjv gyj g}}ygd}jm }l
li}gfb }cjfy hfbgbdfb` hylo Ftegofd igbat pcfdc }cj l~jyg}flbt gyj igtjm
lb Tvgyfgc% }cg} mfhhjyt fb f}t t~fyf} gbm ol}fxg}flb" ]cjyjhlyj% }cft ~g~jy
fbxjt}f`g}jt }cj ~jydj~}flb lh jb}yj~yjbjzyt }lpgymt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` }l
}cj TOJ tjd}ly ~ylxfmjm iv Ftegofd igbat" T~jdfhfdgeev% }cft t}zmv g}}jo~}t
}l ~ylxfmj gbtpjyt ; Pcg} ft }cj ejxje lh zbmjyt}gbmfb` golb`
jb}yj~yjbjzyt }lpgymt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` }l }cj TOJt
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
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7"> Fb}ylmzd}flb]cjtogee ojmfzo jb}jy~yftjt #TOJt& ~egvt gb fo~ly}gb} ylej fb gbv lh }cj
jdlblofjt fb }cft plyem" TOJt cgxj fbmjjm dlb}yfiz}jm g el} }l }cj
mjxjel~ojb} lh g dlzb}yv% ~gy}fdzegyev }lpgymt fbdloj `jbjyg}flb%
jo~elvojb} dyjg}flb gbm olt} fo~ly}gb}ev% ~lxjy}v geejxfg}flb" Ge}clz`c
}cj TOJt yjwzfyj togee dg~f}ge% vj} }cj ogfb dlbt}ygfb} hgdjm iv TOJt ft
}cj mfhhfdze}fjt fb li}gfbfb` hfbgbdfb` hylo }cj igbafb` fbt}f}z}flb #Djbtzt
lh Jt}gieftcojb} gbm Jb}jy~yftjt 9>>:% Mj~gy}ojb} lh T}g}ft}fdt Ogegvtfg&"
]cj Djbtzt getl yjxjgejm }cg} egda lh dleeg}jyge #::"9*& gt }cj ogfb
lit}gdej hgdjm iv TOJt pcjb tjjafb` hfbgbdfb` hylo igbafb` fbt}f}z}flbt"
]cjb% f} pgt hleelpjm iv fbtzhhfdfjb} elgb mldzojb}g}flb #74"7*&% egda lh
hfbgbdfge }ygda yjdlym #7>"0*&% elb`jy }foj }gajb hly elgb ~yldjttfb`
#6"3*&% gt pjee gt iztfbjtt xfgifef}v #:"4*&"
]cj fttzj lh dleeg}jyge ft bl}cfb` bjp hly TOJt" Dleeg}jyge ly tjdzyf}v hly
elgbt cgt ijjb g ~yj/ yjwzftf}j iv dyjmf} fbt}f}z}flbt ijhlyj fttzfb` elgbt }l
TOJt jb}yj~yjbjzyt" ]l tloj dyjmf} fbt}f}z}flbt% clpjxjy% }cj lz}ella lb
dleeg}jyge xft//xft }cj togee jb}yj~yjbjzy cgt ijjb dcgb`fb` lxjy }foj pf}c
olyj jo~cgtft `fxjb }l dyjmf} ply}cfbjtt fb ~egdj lh dloolb dleeg}jyge
#Ypjvjogoz% 9>>4&" ]cj bjp jo~cgtft fbxlexjt tzdc hgd}lyt gt }cj
cft}lyv lh elgb yj~gvojb}% }yzt}ply}cfbjtt gbm }cj dg~gdf}v }l yj~gv
#Agtczef{g gbm Avmm% 7668&" ]cj l}cjy dyf}jyfg gmmjm iv }cj Plyem Igba
#9>>:& hly gttjttfb` dyjmf} ply}cfbjtt ft }cj yj~z}g}flb lh }cj fbmfxfmzge
pf}cfb }cj gyjg% }cj }jdcbfdge hjgtfifef}v lh }cj ~yl~ltjm jb}jy~yftj% gbm
js~jd}jm dgtc help `jbjyg}flb" ]cj dleeg}jyge yjwzfyjojb} gbm dyjmf}
yg}flbfb` cgxj fb hgd} ghhjd}t olt} lh }cj ofdyl gbm togee jb}jy~yftjt% }czt
cgt ejgm }cjo }l }cj jsdeztflb hylo iztfbjtt gd}fxf}fjt" Hly }cj Oztefojb}yj~yjbjzyt% }cjv dgb li}gfb hzbm jf}cjy }cylz`c dlbxjb}flbge elgb%
pcfdc yjwzfyjt dleeg}jyge ly }cylz`c Ftegofd hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flb" ]clz`c%
Ftegofd igbat lhhjy tfofegy afbm lh tjyxfdjt gt }cj dlbxjb}flbge igbat%
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
3/26
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4
}cjv ozt} gmcjyj }l }cj Ftegofd ~yfbdf~ejt tzdc gt litjyxfb` t}yfd}ev lb
hyjj/fb}jyjt} }ygbtgd}flbt gbm l}cjy jb}f}fjt }cg} gyj g`gfbt} Ftegofd egp" Lb
}l~ lh }cg} Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` mljt bl} yjwzfyj dleeg}jyge }l li}gfb hzbm"
G`gfbt} }cft igdamyl~% }cj ~yjtjb} t}zmv fbxjt}f`g}jt }cj ~jydj~}flb lh
Oztefo jb}yj~yjbjzyt }lpgymt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` }l }cj TOJ tjd}ly
~ylxfmjm iv Ftegofd igbat" T~jdfhfdgeev% }cft t}zmv g}}jo~}t }l ~ylxfmj
gbtpjyt }l }cj hleelpfb` yjtjgydc wzjt}flbt;
Pcg} ft }cj ejxje lh zbmjyt}gbmfb` golb` Oztefo jb}yj~yjbjzyt}lpgymt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` TOJt fb Ogegvtfg; g iyfjh lz}ella]cj fo~ly}gbdj lh TOJt mjxjel~ojb} cgt ijjb yjdl`bf{jm iv Ogegvtfgb
`lxjybojb} tfbdj jgyev 768>t" G} }cj ij`fbbfb`% }cj ogfb yjgtlb lh TOJt
~lefdfjt mjxjel~ojb} pgt }l jt}gieftc iztfbjtt l~~ly}zbf}fjt }l }cj Ogegvt"
]cg} ft% `lxjybojb} ft xjyv dlbdjybjm }l fbdyjgtj jo~elvojb}
l~~ly}zbf}fjt gbm ~gy}fdf~g}flb fb }cj jdlblofd gd}fxf}fjt lh }cj Ogegvt"
Clpjxjy% zb}fe }cj eg}jy cgeh lh 763>t% }cj hldzt lh TOJ mjxjel~ojb}
~lefdv cgt tcfh}jm }l }cj mjxjel~ojb} lh TOJt fb tz~~ly}fb` fbmzt}yfjt%
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
4/26
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=
~gy}fdzegyev }cj ~yj/jt}gieftcjm lh }cj ojmfzo/tf{jm" Fb Ogegvtfg% TOJt
gyj ijfb` dg}j`lyf{jm zbmjy }cyjj dg}j`lyfjt% pcjyj }cj `ylz~fb`t gyj igtjm
lb }cj bzoijy lh ~jl~ej jo~elvjm ly lb }cj }l}ge tgejt ly yjxjbzjt
`jbjyg}jm iv g iztfbjtt fb g vjgy #yjhjy }l ]giej 7&" Igtjm lb }cj Djbtzt lh
Jt}gieftcojb} gbm Jb}jy~yftjt #Djbtzt& pcfdc pgt dlbmzd}jm fb 9>>:%
::>%0>= iztfbjtt jb}jy~yftjt pgt fbxlexjm fb }cj g`yfdze}zyj%
ogbzhgd}zyfb` gbm tjyxfdj tjd}lyt% :=%897 ly 66"9* lh }cj iztfbjtt
jt}gieftcojb}t pjyj TOJt% lh pcfdc =44%:70 ly gilz} 3>* gyj ofdyl
jb}jy~yftjt #Igba Bj`gyg Ogegvtfg Gbbzge Yj~ly} 9>>8&" Fb gmmf}flb% }cj
Djbtzt getl fbmfdg}jm }cg} TOJt pgt }cj ogkly tlzydj lh jo~elvojb}"
]cft tjd}ly cgt ~ylxfmjm olyj }cgb :"8 ofeeflb plyajyt pcfdc gddlzb}jm
hly :8* lh }l}ge jo~elvojb}"
Hzy}cjyolyj% }cj TOJt fb Ogegvtfg dgb ij `ylz~jm zbmjy }cyjj iylgm
tjd}lyt% bgojev }cj `jbjyge iztfbjtt tjd}ly% }cj ogbzhgd}zyfb` tjd}ly gbm
egt}ev }cj g`yfdze}zyge tjd}ly #Cgtcfo% 9>>:&" ]cltj TOJt l~jyg}fb` zbmjy
`jbjyge iztfbjtt tjd}ly fbdezmj dlbt}yzd}flb% pclejtgej gbm yj}gfe }ygmj%
}ygbt~ly} gbm t}lyg`j% iztfbjtt tjyxfdjt gbm gd}fxf}fjt% gbm ~ylxfmfb`
tjyxfdjt tzdc gt cl}je gbm yjt}gzygb}" Ojgbpcfej% }cj ogbzhgd}zyfb` tjd}ly
dlbdjb}yg}jt lb }cj gd}fxf}fjt tzdc gt ~yldjttfb` gbm ~ylmzd}flb lh ygp
og}jyfget tzdc gt hllm% }js}fej% pllm% dcjofdget% ~j}ylejzo% yziijy% ~egt}fd%
oj}geefd gbm blb oj}geefd og}jyfget% tz~~evfb` jejd}yfdge gbm jejd}ylbfdt
g~~efgbdjt gbm dlo~lbjb}t gbm }ygbt~ly} jwzf~ojb}" ]cj g`yfdze}zyge
tjd}ly lb }cj l}cjy cgbm% ft }cj tjd}ly pcfdc cgt dlb}yfiz}jm g el} }l }cj
bg}flbge jdlblov tzdc gt }cj ~ylmzd}flb lh yziijy% yfdj% lfe ~geo% dldlbz}
dldlg% ~j~~jy% }ligddl% efxjt}lda% }foijy% hftc% hyzf}t gbm xj`j}giejt"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
5/26
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:
]giej 7; Mjhfbf}flb lh TOJt iv Togee gbm Ojmfzo Fbmzt}yfjt
Mjxjel~ojb} Dly~lyg}flb #TOFMJD& iv tf{j
Dg}j`lyv Ofdyl/jb}jy~yftj Togee jb}jy~yftj Ojmfzo
jb}jy~yftj
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Yjeg}jm Tjyxfdjt
gbm G`yl/igtjm
fbmzt}yfjt
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YO9:>%>>> LY
hzee }foj
jo~elvjjt ejtt
}cgb :
Tgejt }zyblxjy
ij}pjjb
YO9:>%>>> gbm
ejtt }cgb YO7>
ofeeflb LY hzee
}foj jo~elvjjt
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:>
Tgejt }zyblxjy
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Tgejt }zyblxjy lh
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YO9>>%>>> LY
hzee }foj
jo~elvjjt ejtt
}cgb :
Tgejt }zyblxjy
ij}pjjb
YO9>>%>>> gbm
ejtt }cgb YO7
ofeeflb LY hzee
}foj jo~elvjjt
ij}pjjb : gbm
76
Tgejt }zyblxjy
ij}pjjb YO7
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:>
#Tlzydj; Togee gbm Ojmfzo Fbmzt}yfjt Mjxjel~ojb} Dly~lyg}flb
#TOFMJD&
]cj dlb}yfiz}flbt ogmj iv }cj Togee gbm ojmfzo tf{jm jb}jy~yftjt #TOJt&
gt g dg}gevt} }l }cj tldfge gbm jdlblofd mjxjel~ojb} cgxj `gfbjm
yjdl`bf}flb hylo `lxjybojb}" ]cft dgb ij xjyfhfjm pcjb }cj `lxjybojb}
jt}gieftcjm }cj Bg}flbge TOJ Mjxjel~ojb} Dlzbdfe #BTMD& fb Kzbj 9>>=%
pcfdc pgt dcgfyjm iv }cj ^yfoj Ofbft}jy" ]cj BTMD getl dlo~yftjt lh
yj~yjtjb}g}fxjt hylo Ofbft}jyt gbm Cjgmt lh 73 Ajv Ofbft}yfjt gbm
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
6/26
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8
G`jbdfjt fbxlexjm fb TOJ mjxjel~ojb}" ]cj BTMD dllymfbg}jt gbm
jbtzyjt }cg} fb}jy/Ofbft}yv gbm G`jbdv jhhly}t gyj zbmjy}gajb fb lymjy }l
tz~~ly} }cj ajv t}yg}j`fd }cyzt}t lh t}yjb`}cjbfb` gbm jbgiefb`
fbhygt}yzd}zyj hly TOJ mjxjel~ojb}% izfemfb` TOJt dg~gdf}v gbm
dg~gifef}fjt% gbm fo~ylxfb` }cj gddjtt }l hfbgbdfb` iv TOJt #O@DD
Wzgy}jyev/c}}~;,,ppp"tojfbhl"dlo&" ]cyjj g~~ylgdcjt cgxj ijjb gml~}jm
}l mjxjel~ yjtfefjb} gbm dlo~j}f}fxj TOJt fb g olyj jhhjd}fxj gbm jhhfdfjb}
ogbbjy% bgojev iv t}yjb`}cjbfb` }cj jbgiefb` fbhygt}yzd}zyj hly TOJ
mjxjel~ojb}% izfemfb` }cj TOJt dg~gdf}v gbm dg~gifef}v% gbm fo~ylxfb`
}cjfy gddjtt }l hfbgbdfb`"
]cj ogfb ~ylxfmjyt lh TOJt hfbgbdfb` gyj igbafb` fbt}f}z}flbt%
mjxjel~ojb} hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt #MHFt&% ejgtfb` gbm hgd}lyfb` dlo~gbfjt%
gt pjee gt xjb}zyj dg~f}ge dlo~gbfjt% pcfdc ~ylxfmj jwzf}v hfbgbdfb`" ]cj
TOJt dgb jxjb ogaj ztj lh xgyflzt t~jdfhfd hzbmt tj} z~ iv }cj
`lxjybojb}" ]cj }yjbm lh hfbgbdfb` }l TOJt cgxj g~~gyjb}ev tclpb gb
fo~ylxjojb}" Yjdjb}ev% fb 9>>8% }cj igbafb` fbt}f}z}flbt cgt g~~ylxjm
YO46"8 ifeeflb lh hfbgbdfb` }l olyj }cgb 3= >>> TOJ gddlzb}t% gb
fbdyjgtj lh 7>"0* hylo 9>>: # }cg} ft fb 9>>: lbev YO4:"3 ifeeflb lh hzbmijfb` mftizytjm&" Elgb mftizytjojb}t fbdyjgtjm iv 76"6* }l YO749"8
ifeeflb #9>>:;YO77>"0 ifeeflb&% pcfej elgbt lz}t}gbmfb` }l TOJt js~gbmjm
iv ="9* }l YO7>="8 ifeeflb gt g} jbm/9>>8 #jbm 9>>:;YO7>>"4 ifeeflb&"
Hly vjgy 9>>0% }cjtj hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt gyj js~jd}jm }l g~~ylxj g }l}ge lh
YO:7 ifeeflb fb elgbt }l gilz} 77> >>> TOJ gddlzb}t fb 9>>0" Lb g
tjd}lyjm igtft% ejbmfb` }l TOJt pgt mfxjytfhfjm% pf}c geolt} }pl/}cfymt
ijfb` dcgbbjejm }l }cj pclejtgej gbm yj}gfe }ygmj% cl}jet gbm yjt}gzygb}t%
ogbzhgd}zyfb` gbm dlbt}yzd}flb tjd}lyt"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
7/26
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0
Djbtzt lh Jt}gieftcojb} gbm Jb}jy~yftj 9>>: getl yjxjgejm }cg} }cj ogfb
~zy~ltj lh hfbgbdfb` iv TOJt fb Ogegvtfg ft }cj bjjm hly plyafb` dg~f}ge
#96"6*&% hleelpjm iv }cj yjwzfyjojb}t }l ~zydcgtj,ejgtj lh
jwzf~ojb}t,ogdcfbjyv #93":*&" ]cj Djbtzt getl yjxjgejm }cg} plyafb`
dg~f}ge yjwzfyjojb}t gyj `yjg}jy }cj togeejy }cj tf{j lh }cj jt}gieftcojb}"
Cjbdj fb lymjy }l ojj} }cj mjogbm hly }cj hzbmt% Igba Bj`gyg Ogegvtfg
cgt }gajb gbm gml~}jm xgyflzt ojgtzyjt fb t}yjb`}cjbfb` }cj jsft}fb`
fbhygt}yzd}zyj gt }l jbtzyj g olyj jhhjd}fxj dcgbbjefb` lh hzbmt }l TOJt"
4"> Ef}jyg}zyj yjxfjp
F} ft gdablpejm`jm }cg} }cj togee gbm ojmfzo tf{jm iztfbjttjt #TOJt& gyj
}cj igtft lh }cj jdlblofd `ylp}c lh ogbv dlzb}yfjt" Jxjb% TOJt
mjxjel~ojb} ft xjyv dyzdfge ~gy}fdzegyev hly jojy`fb` jdlblofjt gt f}
illt}t jdlblofd `ylp}c gbm fbblxg}flb% gt pjee gt }l dlo~j}j fb }cj
`elige ogyaj}" Ifydc j}"ge #7664& t}g}jm }cg} TOJt gyj }cj ajv ~egvjyt fb
ol}fxg}fb`% hgdfef}g}fb` fbmzt}yfge yjt}yzd}zyfb` fb mjxjel~jm jdlblofjt gbm
olt} fo~ly}gb}ev ft fb }cj dyjg}flb lh jo~elvojb}% pjge}c gbm jdlblofd
`ylp}c" ]cj TOJt fbmzt}yfjt gyj ztzgeev gttldfg}jm pf}c }cj ztg`j lh
yjeg}fxjev egily/fb}jbtfxj ~ylmzd}flb }jdcbfwzjt% pcjyj }cjv ogv jo~elv
olyj egily fb }cjfy ~ylmzd}flb" Mjt~f}j }cjfy dlb}yfiz}flb }l }cj jdlblov%
}cj TOJt ml hgdj tloj ~yliejot gbm dcgeejb`jt" Cgtcfo #9>>:& cgt
cf`cef`c}jm tloj pjgabjttjt lh TOJt" ]cjtj mygpigdat ogv ij mzj }l
fb}jybge gbm js}jybge hlydjt tzdc gt egda lh dg~f}ge gbm dyjmf} hgdfef}fjt%
tcly}g`j lh ygp og}jyfget% fbgmjwzg}j fbhygt}yzd}zyj% egda lh ogbg`jyfge gbm
}jdcbfdge js~jy}ftj% ogyaj}fb` dlbt}ygfb}t gbm ablpejm`j% gbm efof}jm
g~~efdg}flb lh bjp }jdcblel`v" Ojgbpcfej }cj t}zmv dlbmzd}jm iv ]foijy`
#9>>>& gbm Ijvjbj#9>>=& mftdeltjm }cg} yzejt gbm dleeg}jyge pjyj golb`
}cj if``jt} ~yliejot hgdjm iv TOJt% gt }cj jb}yj~yjbjzyt pjyj zbgiej }l
hzehfee ofbfozo yjwzfyjojb}t gt tj} iv hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt #Pfb}jy%
766:&" Tjxjyge hgd}lyt pjyj getl ghhjd}fb` TOJt pcfdc fbdezmj egda lh
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
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Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
3
dyjmf} gxgfegiej g} g yjgtlbgiej dlt} gt pjee gt egda lh plyafb` dg~f}ge% ~lly
fbhygt}yzd}zyj gbm dlo~j}f}flb hylo egy`jy hlyjf`b hfyot #Dlla% 9>>7&" Fb
gmmf}flb% Ylmyf`zj{ j}" ge #9>>9& dlbdezmjm }cg} }cjyj gyj }cyjj ogfb
dlbt}ygfb}t hgdjm iv TOJt% bgojev% dlbt}ygfb} fb ~lefdv gbm yj`zeg}lyv
hygojplya1 dlbt}ygfb} fb ogbg`jyfge dg~gdf}v gbm egt}ev% dlbt}ygfb}t fb
gddjtt }l hfbgbdfge ogyaj}t"
Pcfej ef}jyg}zyjt yjeg}fb` }l TOJt hfbgbdfb` cgxj getl ijjb mftdzttjm
}clylz`cev iv ogbv pyf}jyt" Mjgafbt gbm Czttgfb #766=&% gbm @ygcgo
#9>>=& cgxj gdablpejm`jm }cj fo~ly}gbdj lh gbm hfbgbdfb` fttzjt hly
TOJt hly jdlblofd pjee ijfb`" Jxjb}zgeev% TOJt fb `jbjyge cgxj
jbdlzb}jyjm ~yliejot pcjb gttjttfb` hfbgbdj }l tz~~ly} hfsjm dg~f}ge
fbxjt}ojb} gbm plyafb` dg~f}ge #]zdajy gbm Ejgb 9>>7&" Acgbmajy #7663&
yjxjgejm }cg} hfbgbdfb` }l togee/tdgej gbm dl}}g`j fbmzt}yfjt fb Igb`egmjtc
pjyj li}gfbjm hylo tz~~efjyt fb }cj hlyo lh ygp og}jyfget ly hylo }cj
izvjyt lh }cj hfyot lz}~z}" ]cj t}zmv hzy}cjy t}g}jm }cg} gilz} 0> ~jy djb}
lh }cj t}gy}/z~ dlt} fb yjt~jd} lh togee `yldjyv t}lyjt pgt hfbgbdjm hylo }cj
lpbjyt tgxfb`t gbm tgejt lh l}cjy gttj}t" Hyfjbmt gbm yjeg}fxjt ~ylxfmjm
elgbt }l }cj js}jb} lh 9> ~jy djb} lb gxjyg`j gbm }cj tz~~efjyt ~ylxfmjhfbgbdfb` geolt} 7> ~jy djb} lh }cj t}gy}/z~ dlt}" Ojgbpcfej% Mjgafbt gbm
Czttgfb #766=& t}g}jm }cg} igbat }jbm }l ~ylxfmj tcly} }jyo hfbgbdfb` }cg}
yjt}yfd} }cj TOJt dg~gdf}v }l ~egb gbm zbmjy}gaj elb` }jyo mjdftflbt"
Gddlymfb`ev% mzj }l }cj fbgifef}v }l ojj} }cj yjwzfyjojb} tj} iv hfbgbdfge
fbt}f}z}flb% tloj jb}yj~yjbjzyt lh TOJt cgt tlz`c} hzbm hylo l}cjy
tlzydjt" T}zmfjt dlbmzd}jm iv Tdcjyy j} ge #766>&% Ogvjyt #763=&% Dltc
gbm Cz`cjt #766=& tz``jt}jm }cg} zbmjy tzdc dfydzot}gbdjt }cj lpbjy pfee
dclltj hfyt} g ~jytlbge tlzydj1 tjdlbm tcly} }jyo ilyylpfb`t1 }cfym% elb`jy/
}jyo mji} gbm hfbgeev% ejgt} ~yjhjyyjm% jwzf}v hfbgbdj pcfdc pfee ghhjd}
lpbjyt dlb}yle lh }cj iztfbjtt" Fb gmmf}flb% fbhlyoge tlzydjt lh hfbgbdj
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
9/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
6
lxjydlojt }cj hfbgbdj `g~ iz} }cj jxfmjbdj g} egy`j tz``jt}t igba hfbgbdj
yjogfbt gb fo~ly}gb} hly t}gy} z~ iztfbjttjt fb }cj ZA #Ogtlb gbm
Cgyyftlb%7664&" Fb gmmf}flb% fo~jyhjd}flbt fb hfbgbdfge ogyaj}t efof} }cj
tdl~j lh g togee iztfbjtt }l ygftj hfbgbdj tzdc }cg} f} ft efajev }l yjev lb
igbat }l hfbgbdj #Pgeajy% 7636&" Ojgbpcfej Pjttjefba #766:& cgt
fmjb}fhfjt tfs gyjgt lh iztfbjtt olbf}lyfb`% gt hgy hfbgbdfb` lh TOJt ft
dlbdjybjm" Golb` }cjo gyj elgb ~jyhlyogbdj olbf}lyfb` gbm iztfbjtt
~jyhlyogbdj olbf}lyfb`" Elgb ~jyhlyogbdj olbf}lyfb` fbxlexjt
jt}gieftcfb` dlb}ygd} }l tghj`zgym }cj fb}jyjt} lh ejbmjyt" Pcfej iztfbjtt
~jyhlyogbdj olbf}lyfb` fbxlexjt gttft}fb` defjb}t gmmyjtt mfhhfdze}fjt
pf}cfb }cj iztfbjtt jbxfylbojb}"
^lefdv gbm yj`zeg}lyv hygojplya hylo }cj gz}clyf}v gyj tjjb gt gbl}cjy
hgd}ly pcfdc dgb tz~~ly} }cj mjxjel~ojb} lh }cj TOJt" ^lefdfjt }l
~ylol}j }cj mjxjel~ojb} lh TOJt gyj dloolb il}c fb mjxjel~jm gbm
mjxjel~fb` dlzb}yfjt #T}lyjv% 766=1 Ejxf}tav% 7668 gbm Cgeeijy`% 9>>>&" Fb
}cj dgtj lh mjxjel~jm dlzb}yfjt% f} ft xjyv fo~ly}gb} }cg} }cj `lxjybojb}
fo~ejojb} ~lefdfjt ly ~yl`ygot mjtf`bjm }l ~ylol}j gt~jd}t lh TOJt
#Cgyxfj gbm Dcvj Ejj% 9>>:&" Dlbtjwzjb}ev% f} cgt dlb}yfiz}jm }lpgymt
jo~elvojb} l~~ly}zbf}fjt gbm @M^ `ylp}c fb olt} lh }cj mjxjel~jm
jdlblofjt #T}lyjv% 766=&" Fb }cj LJDM dlzb}yfjt% TOJt dzyyjb}ev gddlzb}
hly olyj }cgb 6: ~jydjb} lh hfyot gbm 8>/0> ~jydjb} lh jo~elvojb}
#LJDM% 9>>>&" F} cg~~jbjm gt g yjtze} lh gb lb`lfb` ~yldjtt lh fbmzt}yfge
yjt}yzd}zyfb` }cg} ij`gb fb }cj eg}j 760>t pcfdc tgp egy`j hfyot
tzit}gb}fgeev yjmzdj }cjfy lz}~z} gbm egily% dyjg}fb` egy`j ~llet lh
zbjo~elvjm plyajyt% g ~yl~ly}flb lh pclo pjyj ol}fxg}jm }l t}gy} }cjfy
lpb iztfbjtt #T}lyjv% 7639&" Fb }cj dgtj lh }cj mjxjel~fb` jdlblofjt%
~lefdfjt pcfdc gyj mjtf`bjm }l gttft} TOJt cgxj ijjb gb fo~ly}gb} gt~jd}
lh fbmzt}yfge ~lefdv gbm oze}feg}jyge gfm ~yl`ygot tzdc gt }cltj lh }cj
Zbf}jm Bg}flbt tfbdj }cj 76:>t #Ejxf}tav% 7668&" Ofdyl gbm togee
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
10/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
7>
iztfbjttjt gyj getl ~egvfb` gb fo~ly}gb} tldfge ylej% fb }jyot lh }cj
geejxfg}flb lh ~lxjy}v gbm jo~lpjyfb` djy}gfb `ylz~t fbdezmfb` plojb"
Ogbv ~lefdfjt yjeg}fb` }l TOJt gyj igtjm lb }cj ~jydjfxjm pjgabjttjt }cg}
}cjv tzhhjy yjeg}fxj }l }cj egy`jy hfyot" T}zmfjt lh }cj ~yliejot hgdjm iv
TOJt fb }cj mjxjel~fb` dlzb}yfjt gyj tfofegy }l }cj mjxjel~jm dlzb}yfjt
#Ejxf}tav% 7668&" Clpjxjy% g ~yliejo pf}c `lxjybojb} ~lefdfjt pf}c
yjt~jd} }l TOJt ft }cg} }cjv cgxj }jbmjm }l ij dcgygd}jyf{jm iv g egda lh
dlcjyjbdj gt T}lyjv #766=& litjyxjm fb }cj dlb}js} lh Jzyl~jgb dlzb}yfjt"
^lefdfjt fb tz~~ly} lh TOJt dgb ij `jbjygeev dg}j`lyf{jm gddlymfb` }l }cjfy
likjd}fxjt tzdc gt }cj dyjg}flb lh klit ly }cj yjmzd}flb lh zbjo~elvojb}%
tldfge ly jwzf}v likjd}fxjt tzdc gt }cj yjmft}yfiz}flb lh fbdloj% ogyaj}
hgfezyj ly jhhfdfjbdv gy`zojb}t pcfdc yjeg}j jttjb}fgeev }l dlbtfmjyg}flbt lh
t}g}fd jhhfdfjbdv gbm mvbgofd jhhfdfjbdv gy`zojb}t fb ~gy}fdzegy }cj
~ylol}flb lh fbblxg}fxj gd}fxf}fjt" F} ft g~~gyjb} }cg} }cjyj gyj iylgm gyjgt
pcjyj }cjtj ~lefdfjt lxjyeg~ pf}c }cltj fb l}cjy gyjgt lh dlbdjyb% fb
~gy}fdzegy pf}c dlo~j}f}flb ~lefdv #Cgyxfj gbm Dcvj Ejj% 9>>:&"
Jttjb}fgeev% Ftegofd igbafb` cgt jxlexjm gbm f} getl ~egvt g tf`bfhfdgb} ylej
fb }cj mjxjel~ojb} lh }cj TOJt" F} cgt jojy`jm }l ij lbj lh }cj hgt}jt}
`ylpfb` tjyxfdjt }cg} cgxj ijjb gdablpejm`jm iv il}c }cj Oztefot gbm
blb Oztefot #Fwige gbm Olevbjzs% 9>>:&" ]cj l~jyg}flb lh Ftegofd igbat
mjyfxjt hylo Tvgyfgc gbm }czt mfhhjyt fb f}t t~fyf} gbm ol}fxg}flb dlo~gyjm
}l }cj dlbxjb}flbge igbafb` ~ygd}fdjt" Dlbtjwzjb}ev% Ftegofd igbat lhhjy
tfofegy afbm lh tjyxfdjt }l }cjfy dzt}lojyt gt }cj dlbxjb}flbge igbat iz}
}cjv ozt} gmcjyj }l }cj Ftegofd ~yfbdf~ejt pcfdc fbdezmj }cj ~ylcfif}flb lh
fb}jyjt} #ztzyv&% `cgygy#zbdjy}gfb}v&% ogftfy#gedlcle&% `goiefb` gbm l}cjy
jb}f}fjt }cg} gyj g`gfbt} Ftegofd egp"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
11/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
77
Fb Ogegvtfg% }cj Ftegofd igbat tzdc gt Igba Ftego Ogegvtfg Ijycgm
#IFOI& gbm Igba Ozgogeg}% cgt dyjg}jm hzbmt hly jb}yj~yjbjzyt" ]cft
tdcjoj ft dyjg}jm fb lymjy }l ~ylxfmj hfbgbdfge gttft}gbdj hly }cj
jb}yj~yjbjzyt fb mjxjel~fb` }cjfy iztfbjttjt" ]cj fo~ly}gbdj lh iztfbjtt
dgb bjxjy ij lxjy/jo~cgtf{jm gt f} cgt gepgvt ~egvt g ylej fb }cj jdlblofd
gbm tldfge efhj lh ~jl~ej jt~jdfgeev fb }cft ~yjtjb} plyem" Ofeeflbt lh ~jl~ej
}lmgv jb`g`j fb tloj afbm lh iztfbjtt gd}fxf}fjt ly fb l}cjy plymt ijdloj
jb}yj~yjbjzyt" ]czt% jb}yj~yjbjzyt plzem ij lbj lh }cj ~l}jb}fge dzt}lojyt
lh Ftegofd igbat gt }cjv bjjm hfbgbdfb` }l js~gbm }cjfy iztfbjttjt gbm }czt
}cjv cgxj }l dg}jy }l }cjtj bjjmt pf}cfb }cj ~yfbdf~ejt lh Ftegofd egp"
Gddlymfb` }l Igba Bj`gyg% }cj hfbgbdfb` hly }cj TOJt iv }cj Ftegofd
igbat dlb}fbzj }l fbdyjgtj hylo YO4": ifeeflb fb 9>>9 }l YO8"9 ifeeflb fb
9>>4 }l YO3 ifeeflb fb 9>>= #Igba Bj`gyg Yj~ly}% 9>>:&" Olyj
jbdlzyg`fb`ev% }cj ogyaj} tcgyj lh Ftegofd igbafb` fb }jyot lh ~ylxfmfb`
hzbm hly hfbgbdfb` }l }cj TOJt fb Ogegvtfg geolt} mlziejm hylo 0":
~jydjb} fb 9>>4 }l 74"6 ~jydjb} fb 9>>=" Clpjxjy% }cj Ftegofd TOJt
hfbgbdfb` fb Ogegvtfg fb 9>>= ft ojyjev YO3 ifeeflb lz} lh g }l}ge
hfbgbdfb` iv }cj Ftegofd hfbgbdfge tjd}ly lh YO:0"339 ifeeflb% pcfdc
tz``jt}t }cg} }cjyj ft g cz`j dcgeejb`j gbm iztfbjtt l~~ly}zbf}v hly Ftegofd
igbat fb Ogegvtfg fb yjt~jd} lh hfbgbdfb` TOJt
Hjp t}zmfjt cgxj ijjb dlbmzd}jm fb }jyot lh }cj Ftegofd olmj lh hfbgbdfb`
}l }cj TOJt" ]clz`c }cjyj gyj ogbv ~ylmzd}t pcfdc ft lhhjyjm fb }cj
ogyaj}% vj} }cj olt} ~l~zegy Ftegofd olmjt lh hfbgbdfb` ztjm }l hgdfef}g}j
}cj elgbt }l TOJt gyj Ozygigcgc% Fkgygc% Igf If}cgogb Gkfe gbm
Ozmgygigc #Vgadl~% 7668&" Fb gmmf}flb% Agyfo #9>>9&% pcl fbxjt}f`g}jm
}cj ~ygd}fdj lh ^ET fb Igba Ozgogeg} Fbmlbjtfg% IOF% tclpt }cg}
ozmgygigc gbm oztcgygagc hfbgbdfb` gyj xfgiej olmjt lh hfbgbdfb` hly
togee gbm ojmfzo jb}jy~yftjt"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
12/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
79
="> Oj}clmlel`vFb xfjp lh }cj yjtjgydc fttzj gbm likjd}fxjt% }cft t}zmv pgt dlbmzd}jm gt g
mjtdyf~}fxj yjtjgydc" F} z}fef{jt }cj ~yfogyv gbm tjdlbmgyv mg}g }l mjtdyfij
}cj ~jydj~}flb lh jb}yj~yjbjzyt }lpgymt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` }l }cj TOJ
tjd}ly ~ylxfmjm iv Ftegofd igbat" ]cj oj}clm lh li}gfbfb` }cj ~yfogyv
mg}g pgt ogfbev }cylz`c t}yzd}zyjm wzjt}flbbgfyj pcjyj dlbxjbfjb}
tgo~efb` lh 7>> Oztefo jb}yj~yjbjzyt lh TOJt fb Tcgc Gego pjyj
tjejd}jm fb }cft t}zmv" Fb mjtf`bfb` }cj wzjt}flbbgfyj jhhly} pgt ogmj }l
gta gt tfo~ej gt ~lttfiej wzjt}flbt% dlbtfmjyfb` }cj igda`ylzbm lh }cj
yjt~lbmjb}t" ]cj wzjt}flbbgfyj pgt mfxfmjm fb}l tjxjyge tjd}flbt pcfdc
fbdezmj mjol`yg~cfd ~ylhfejt% tlzydjt gbm }v~j lh hfbgbdfb`% gbm
~jydj~}flbt lb }cj Ftegofd hfbgbdfb`" ]cj mg}g pgt gbgev{jm ztfb` ]cj
T}g}ft}fdge ^gdag`j hly Tldfge Tdfjbdj #T^TT& tlh}pgyj"
:"> Hfbmfb`t gbm mftdzttflb
]giej 9; ]cj Yjt~lbmjb}t ^ylhfej
Hyjwzjbdv ^jydjb}g`j
@jbmjy
Ogej =9 =9
Hjogej :3 :3
G`j
Ijelp 9> : :
97 / 4> 4> 4>
47 / => 47 47
=7 / :> 77 77
Gilxj :> 94 94
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
13/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
74
Ogyf}ge T}g}zt
Tfb`ej => =>
Ogyyfjm == ==
L}cjyt 78 78
Jmzdg}flb Ejxje
^yfogyv 4> 4>
Tjdlbmgyv 4= 4=
@ygmzg}j 76 76
L}cjyt 70 70
Clztjclem Fbdloj ~jy
Olb}c
5 YO7:>> 9: 9:
YO7:>7 / YO 9:>> => =>
YO9:>7 YO4:>> 70 70
YO4:>7 YO=:>> 73 73
Js~jyfjbdj,Vjgyt fb
iztfbjtt
7 : vjgyt => =>
8 7> vjgyt 94 94
77 7: vjgyt 90 90
78 vjgyt gbm gilxj 7> 7>
Hzbmt,dg~f}ge tf{j
Ijelp YO7>%>>> 7: 7:
YO7>%>>7 / YO:>%>>> =: =:
YO:>%>>7/ YO7>>%>>> 4> 4>
Gilxj YO7>>%>>> 7> 7>
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
14/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
7=
]giej 9 tzoogyf{jt }cj ~ylhfej lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t" @jbjygeev% }cj
yjt~lbmjb}t gyj hjogej #:3*& pf}c }cj yjogfbfb` ijfb` hjogejt" Golb`
}cj yjt~lbmjb}t% }cj ogklyf}v #47*& gyj fb }cj g`j ygb`j lh 47 => gbm 97/
4> #4>*& vjgy g`j `ylz~" Fb }jyot lh }cjfy ejxje lh jmzdg}flb% ogklyf}v lh
}cjo pjyj lbev cf`c tdclle ejgxjyt" Igtjm lb }cjfy g`j gbm }cjfy gdgmjofd
wzgefhfdg}flb% f} ft lbev js~jd}jm }cg} }cj ogklyf}v jgyb fbdlojt ij}pjjb }cj
ygb`j lh YO7:>7 / YO 9:>> #]giej =&" =>* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgm 7 :
vjgyt js~jyfjbdj% 94* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgm 8 7> vjgyt js~jyfjbdj% 90*
lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgm 77 7: vjgyt js~jyfjbdj gbm }cj l}cjy 7>* lh }cj
yjt~lbmjb}t cgm gb js~jyfjbdj lh 78 vjgyt gbm gilxj" F} dgb ij dlbdezmjm
}cg} olt} lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t pjyj t}fee bjp fb }cj iztfbjtt plyem" ]cj
hfbmfb`t getl tclpt }cg} 7:* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgxj g dg~f}ge lh ejtt }cgb
YO7>%>>>1 =:* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgxj g dg~f}ge ij}pjjb YO7>%>>7 }l
YO:>%>>>% 4>* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgxj g dg~f}ge ij}pjjb YO:>%>>7 }l
YO7>>%>>> gbm }cj l}cjy 7>* lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t cgxj g dg~f}ge lh
YO7>>%>>> gbm gilxj"
]giej 4 tclpt }cj yjtze} }cg} ogklyf}v lh ogklyf}v lh }cj Oztefo
jb}yj~yjbjzyt yjev z~lb }cjfy lpb tlzydjt lh fbdloj gbm tgxfb`t }l t}gy}
}cj iztfbjtt% fbt}jgm lh gdwzfyfb` f} hylo gbv hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt" ]cj
yjtze}t tclpt =7* `l hly }cjfy lpb tlzydjt% 4=* }lla hfbgbdfb` hylo }cj
igba% pcfej }cj l}cjy 7>* gdwzfyjm }cj hzbm }cylz`c ilyylpfb` hylo
hyfjbmt,yjeg}fxjt gbm getl }cylz`c ~gy}bjytcf~#tjj ]giej =& ]cft fo~efjt
}cg} ogklyf}v lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t pjyj hly}zbg}j jblz`c }l cgxj gddjtt }l
hfbgbdfge yjtlzydjt }l t}gy} }cjfy iztfbjttjt jf}cjy hylo }cjfy lpb tgxfb`t%
hgofev ly hyfjbmt"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
15/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
7:
]giej 4; Tlzydj lh hfbgbdfb`
]v~j lh tlzydj ^jydjb}g`j
^jytlbge hzbmt =7
Ilyylp hylo hgofev 3
Ilyylp hylo hyfjbmt,yjeg}fxjt 7>
Ilyylp hylo }cj dloojydfge
igbat
4=
Ilyylp hylo Mjxjel~ojb}
hfbgbdfge Fb}jyojmfgyfjt #j"`"
TOJ Igbat% Igba
^joigb`zbgb&
:
L}cjyt#}cylz`c ~gy}bjytcf~& 9
Lb }cj wzjt}flb ~jy}gfbfb` }l }cjfy ablpejm`j lb }cj jsft}jbdj lh Ftegofd
hfbgbdfb` hly TOJt% ogklyf}v lh }cj yjt~lbmjb}t #8=*& g`yjjm lb }cj
gxgfegifef}v lh TOJt Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` #tjj ]giej =&" Lbev g togee
~jydjb}g`j #:*& pcl cgt bl ablpejm`j lb }cj jsft}jbdj lh TOJt Ftegofdhfbgbdfb`" ]cj ablpejm`j hgd}ly% ft igtfdgeev ijfb` gttldfg}jm pf}c }cj
Oztefo jb}yj~yjbjzyt zbmjyt}gbmfb` lb }cj tzikjd}% }cg} Ftegofd
hfbgbdfb`" ]cj hfbmfb`t yjxjge }cg} }cj Oztefo jb}yj~yjbjzyt zbmjyt}gbmfb`
}lpgymt Ftegofd TOJt hfbgbdfb` gyj dlbtfmjygiev `llm" ]cjv ml
zbmjyt}gbm }cj fo~ly}gbdj lh g~~evfb` Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` fb }cjfy iztfbjtt"
Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` hly }cj TOJt ft bl} lbev hly }cjfy lpb ijbjhf}t fb }cj
hz}zyj efhj iz} getl }l }cjfy efhj fb cjyjgh}jy" Fb }jyot lh }cj ~yldjmzyjt%
l~jyg}flbt gbm dlbdj~}t g~~efjm }l Ftegofd hfbgbdfb`% lbev =>* lh }cj
yjt~lbmjb}t cgxj ablpejm`j lb f} pcfej ogklyf}v lh }cjo pjyj fbmfhhjyjb}"
]czt }cj Ftegofd igbat gt pjee gt }cj l}cjy blb hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
16/26
Tjofbgy Ajztgcgpgbgb Ftego FF ^jyfb`ag} Ajigb`tggb
78
pcfdc lhhjy Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` hly TOJt tclzem ~egv gb gd}fxj ylej }l
~ylxfmj }cjo pf}c gmjwzg}j fbhlyog}flb gilz} Ftegofd hfbgbdfb`"
]giej =; Ablpejm`j gbm zbmjyt}gbmfb` lh Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` lh TOJt
]giej :; Hgd}lyt dclltfb` Ftegofd hfbgbdfb` TOJt
F}jot T}ylb`ev
mftg`yjj
mftg`yjj bjz}yge g`yjj T}ylb`ev
g`yjj
7" ablpfb` }cj jsft}jbdj lh Ftegofd
hfbgbdfb` lh TOJt
:* 47* 8=*
9"ablpfb` gbm zbmjyt}gbm }cj mfhhjyjbdjt
ij}pjjb Ftegofd gbm dlbxjb}flbge
hfbgbdfb`
7:* =>* =:*
4"ablpfb` }cj dlbdj~}t g~~efjm }l Ftegofd
hfbgbdfb`
7:* =:* =>*
=" ablpfb` }cg} Ftegofd hfbgbdfge ~ylmzd}t
gbm tjyxfdjt gyj lhhjyjm }l il}c Oztefo
gbm blb Oztefo
:* =>* =:* 7>*
F}jot T}ylb`ev
mftg`yjj
mftg`yjj bjz}yge g`yjj T}ylb`ev
g`yjj
7" F} ft igtjm lb Ftegofd ~yfbdf~ejt :* 3:* 7>*
9" Djy}gfb}v lh dg~f}ge gbm yj}zyb 74* 9:* 89*
4" F ijbjhf}jm g el} hylo ^ET 7>* 0:* 7:*
=" Bjp ge}jybg}fxj lh hfbgbdfb` 7:* 3:*
:" Wzgef}v ~ylmzd}t gbm tjyxfdjt gt lhhjy iv }cj
Ftegofd hfbgbdfge fbt}f}z}flbt
4:* 4:* 4>*
8" Jhhjd}fxj gbm jhhfdfjb} ~ylmzd}t 4>* 4:* 4:
0" gbv gd}t lh }ygbtgd}flb mljt bl} fbxlexj :* 7:* 3>*
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
18/26
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
19/26
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
20/26
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
21/26
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
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pfee ij }cj fb}jyojmfgyfjt ij}pjjb TOJt ~gy}fdf~gb}t gbm Ftegofd igbat"
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Ftegofd igba t}ghh gbm }cj defjb}t"
8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
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8/8/2019 Exploring Muslim Entrepreneurs Knowledge and Usage of Islamic Financing
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