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Exploring Greenhouse Structures
Warm Up What building material can you recognize in
this photo?
Essential Question What are the common greenhouse designs?
Common Green House Designs
4 Common designs Lean-toEven-Span Uneven-SpanRidge and Furrow
Lean-to Greenhouseshares a wall with a building and relies on the
building structure to provide some support for the greenhouse roof.
Even-span GreenhouseSingle houses that have roofs with an even pitch and
an even width.Hoop House/Quonset: common even-span greenhouse
that uses arching pipes for the framework
Uneven-Span GreenhouseHave unequal pitches and widths.Limited to hillside useRarely Built
Ridge and Furrow Greenhouse
Structures consist of a number of greenhouses connected along the length of the house.
Shared interior walls reduce energy costs and allow for large interior spaces.
Best oriented north and south to reduce permanent shadows on the crops created by the gutters.
Types of GreenhousesExpanded
Greenhouse FrameworkSupports the greenhouse
covering materialShould be:
Strong, allow for maximum amount of light to enter, require little maintenence
Aluminum is most popularOther materials include
wood, steel, angle iron
Greenhouse CoveringCovering= glazingConsiderations
Durable, light transmission, cost, heating effectiveness
Possible materialsPolyethylene
Stretched over greenhouse framework, cheap, not durable, not expensive
Structured sheets polycarbonate, acrylic, and fiberglass materials have
grown in popularity. Multi sheets= good insulation
Structured Sheets Polycarbonate structured sheets
most widely used, good light transmission, resist hail damage, easy to work with
Acrylic structured sheetshigh light transmission, costly, prone to hail
damage, and are less flexibleFiberglass
discolors after 7 to 10 years, is flammable,and provides poor insulation
GlassConsidered best greenhouse glazing
(covering) material Highest light transmissionLong lasting
HeadhouseAttached to the greenhouseUsed as a storage area, a potting area, an
office, and/or a shipping area.
Retractable Roof Greenhouses Designs allow the roof to be opened and closed.Gives plants protection from weather when neededReduced watering, rainwater can be used
Greenhouse Benches Holds the plants above the ground. Materials include:
galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic, and rot resistant wood.
Arranged in greenhouse with aisle space to walkRolling Benches:
movable bench used to maximize growing space by limiting space for aisles
benches are placed on pipes, which allows them to be easily moved from side to side.
Rolling Bench
Vocabulary
ActivitiesReview Quiz 1
Go over Review Quiz Hand out project worksheet
Controlling Greenhouse Climate
Warm UpWhy is this plant wilting? What does wilting
mean?
Essential QuestionWhat are the common greenhouse climate
control systems?
HeatingHot water heat system
heating water in a boiler and pumping the hot water through pipes located in the greenhouse located under benches, low maintenance, even heat
Steam heatboilers that bring water to a boil and the
resulting steam flows through pipes in the greenhouse
HeatingUnit heaters
heat air within the unit, then blow the air throughout the greenhouse. Polyethylene tubes evenly distribute air flow, cost more to operate
Infrared heat systemsproduce heat energy that is absorbed by the
plants, media, and benches, do not heat the air, suited for high greenhouses
CoolingFan and pad cooling system
Number 1 system, based on evaporation of water, pads at one end of the house are kept wet, fans at the other end of the house pull air through the pads. Air entering the house is cooled as water in the pads evaporates.
CoolingFog systems
involve an atomizer that produces water vapor, flash evaporation of this water cools the greenhouse.
Ventsconsist of panels
that open and allow air exchange with the outside, Natural cooling
Energy CurtainAutomated systems using fabrics that can
insulate a greenhouse at night and shade the crops during the dayInstalled gutter to gutter, run by computers
Short-day curtainsSimilar to energy curtains, provides darkness
that will simulate a short-day effect.
Climate Control SystemsEnvironmental controls
Devices used to turn greenhouse systems on and off, including heating and cooling systems.
Includes:ThermostatsAnalog controlsComputer controlsComputerized environmental management
systems
Climate Control SystemsThermostats are low cost, easy to install
environmental controls.On-off thermostats control fans, heaters, and
vents with the change of temperatures.Analog controls use proportioning
thermostats to run amplifiers and electronic circuitry.heating and cooling operations are integrated
resulting in better performance
Climate Control systemsComputer controls use microprocessors to
make complex judgments based on information from a number of sensors.
Computerized environmental management systems, although expensive, are accurate and can control all the automated systems together.
VocabularyAnalog controlsComputer controlsComputerized environmental
management systemsEnergy curtainsEnvironmental controlsFan and pad cooling systemFog systemHot water heat systemInfrared heat systemPolyethylene tubesShort-day curtainsSteam heatThermostatsUnit heatersVents
Activities Represent Heating and Cooling and Systems
Draw them on a separate piece of paper from your notes. This will be turned in.
Review Quiz 2 Go over Review Quiz
Automated Greenhouse Systems
Warm UpWhat does this machine do? Why is it convenient?
Essential QuestionWhat are some advantages of automated
systems?
Automated Systems Incorporate technological developments in
the production of greenhouse crops.Automated systems cut down labor costs Automated systems allow for larger crops
Automated Systems- Planting
Automated pot fillersused to fill pots with medium, medium is lightly
packed, and the pots are stacked or move down a conveyor for planting.
Automated seederspermit the sowing of entire flats or plug trays in
a few moments, trays move down a conveyor to a germination room or move to the greenhouse
Automated transplantersremove small plants from plug trays and
transplant them directly to pots.
Automated Systems- Transporting
Transporting= most labor intensive part
Conveyor belt systems are used to move plants from one area of the greenhouse to another.
Tray mechanization, has grown in popularity in the U.S.Individual trays or palletized benches that hold
100 pots or more roll on a series of rails from one area to another.
Automated Systems: Watering
Spaghetti tubingAutomated system
that involves small tubes connected to a main line
End of each small tube is placed in a pot, and when functioning, dribbles water onto the medium.
Allows flowers and foliage to stay dry
Automated : Watering Drip irrigation
a system like spaghetti tubing
differs = provides a slow steady drip
Used with hanging baskets
Wastes less !!
Automated: Watering Ebb and flood
Watering involves watertight benches in which pots are set
Water or nutrient solutions are pumped into the bench, the medium absorbs the water, and the water drains away.
Little water loss, nutrient levels are easily adjusted, plant foliage kept dry
Automated: Watering Capillary mats
consist of porous mats placed on a bench and wetted.
The medium in the pots absorbs the water through capillary action.
Foliage stays dry, high humidity provided
Automated: Watering Irrigation booms
Move across the entire bench and well-placed nozzles flood the pots below as they pass over the plants
Commonly used with bedding plants, plug trays, and some potted flowering crops.
Automated: Watering Overhead sprinklers
Stationary sprinkler heads placed throughout the growing space
Large amount of water in a short period of time Often used with bedding plants.
Automated: WateringIntermittent mist
systemsProduce tiny droplets
in the air for the purpose of keeping plant material wet
Commonly used in the propagation phase of production to reduce water stress on cuttings
Continuous or programmed times
VocabularyAutomated pot fillersAutomated seedersAutomated transplantersCapillary matsConveyor belt systemDrip irrigationEbb and floodIntermittent mist systemIrrigation boomsOverhead sprinklersSpaghetti tubingTray mechanization
Activities Research Project
1 page SINGLE space paper, size 12 font, times new roman or comic sans
Which automated watering system is the best and why?
Review Quiz 3 Go over Review Quiz
Managing a Greenhouse Business
Warm Up What types of jobs are conducted in a
greenhouse?
Essential Question What are the types of greenhouse
businesses?
Greenhouse Businesses3 categories
Specialty GrowersWholesale GrowersRetail Growers
Specialty GrowersProduce crops sold to wholesale or retail
greenhouse growersSpecialize in one, or multiple crops
Can specialize in:Rooted cuttingsSeed production Bulbs for forcing
Wholesale Growers Produce a limited number of crops
Can ProduceCut rosesFoliage PlantsPotted flowering plants
Products are sold to retail stores
Retail Growers Generally produce a variety of crops sold directly to
the public through their own retail outlet.
Common Costs Direct materials costs
those costs including plant materials, pots, chemicals, and growing media.
Direct labor costs based on production activities such as planting
crops, spacing crops, watering and fertilizing crops and managing pests and diseases.
Common Costs Continued…Overhead costs
do not have a direct impact on the production of the crops. heating fuel, office management and secretarial
support, taxes, depreciation, insurance, and utilities
Marketing costs associated with advertising, packaging
products, shipping, and billing.
Career Opportunities Greenhouse Manager
responsible for the total greenhouse operationGrower
charge of the day to day tasks involved in producing one or more crops.
Marketing manager’s sell the crops
Shipping room manager handling a crop from the time it leaves the
greenhouse until it is shipped.
Skills Required Understand crops and how to care for themMechanical SkillsUnderstand the marketDeliver plants in a healthy stateAdministrative SkillsGood understanding of local, state, and
national laws pertaining to plant growing, sale, and transport
Vocabulary
Direct labor costsDirect materials costsGreenhouse managerGrowerMarketing costsMarketing managerOverhead costsProduction managerPropagatorRetail growersShipping room managerSpecialty growersWholesale growers
ActivitiesReview Quiz 4
Vocabulary Analog controls Computer controls Computerized
environmental management systems
Energy curtains Environmental controls Fan and pad cooling
system Fog system Hot water heat system Infrared heat system Polyethylene tubes Short-day curtains Steam heat Thermostats Unit heaters Vents
Automated pot fillers
Automated seeders Automated
transplanters Capillary mats Conveyor belt
system Drip irrigation Ebb and flood Intermittent mist
system Irrigation booms Overhead
sprinklers Spaghetti tubing Tray mechanization
Direct labor costs Direct materials costs Greenhouse manager Grower Marketing costs Marketing manager Overhead costs Production manager Propagator Retail growers Shipping room manager Specialty growers Wholesale growers
Growing Potted Flowering Plants
Warm Up
Essential QuestionWhat is one important aspect to keep in mind
while growing flowering potted plants?
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